Sentence elements and sentence types based on sentences elements in english

Sentence elements and sentence types based on sentences elements in english Sentence elements and sentence types based on sentences elements in english Sentence elements and sentence types based on sentences elements in english Sentence elements and sentence types based on sentences elements in english Sentence elements and sentence types based on sentences elements in english Sentence elements and sentence types based on sentences elements in english Sentence elements and sentence types based on sentences elements in english Sentence elements and sentence types based on sentences elements in english Sentence elements and sentence types based on sentences elements in english Sentence elements and sentence types based on sentences elements in english Sentence elements and sentence types based on sentences elements in english

HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY

E-Learning Center

ASSIGNMENT ON UNIVERSITY GRAMMAR (6)

Topic: Sentence elements and Sentence types based on

sentences elements in English.

HANOI, 2021

Contents

INTRODUCTION 2

DEVELOPMENT 3

1 Sentence Elements 3

2 Sentence Structure 8

3 Sentence typed based on sentence elements 11

CONCLUSION 12

The aim of theoretical grammar of a language is to present a theoretical description of its grammatical system Grammar rules can help learners develop the habit of thinking logically and clearly

Good grammar, clear sentence structure and accurate punctuation are

essential to effective written communication Words alone are not enough; they must be carefully and accurately arranged to convey ideas clearly Words alone are not enough; they must be carefully and accurately arranged to achieve clarity and precision

Sentences are more than just strings of words They’re thoughts, ideas and stories Just like letters build words, words build sentences Sentences build

language, and give it personality Sentences with bad structure are sometimes understood, but it will take time for the person to figure it out Often, though, it can lead to misunderstandings

In this assignment , I’m going to focus on Sentence elements and sentence types based on sentences elements in English After studying , learners are able to become more accurate when using a language

1 Sentence elements

A sentence may be composed of five different elements

– Subjects

– Verbs

– Objects

– Complements

– Adverbials

The Subjects

• Subject is a word or group of words which tells who/what the

sentence is about or what/who does the action

• The subject could be considered as simple, compound, or complete subject:

• Simple subjects

The simple subject is the main word or words in the complete subject; for examples,

– A lovely boy is playing with his mother.

– A new generation tablet was launched yesterday.The Subjects

• Compound subjects

A compound subject contains two or more subjects that have the same verb; for examples,

– A lovely boy and his mother are in the house.

– A new generation tablet or computer was launched yesterday.

• Complete subjects

The complete subject includes all the words that tell who or what the sentence is about; for examples,

– A lovely boy is playing with his mother.

– A new generation tablet was launched yesterday.

The Verbs

• Verb, the second most important element in a sentence, can be just a single word (verb) or group of words containing main verb and auxiliary verbs

• a single verb

– They laughed loudly.

– We love Cambodia.

• a main verb and auxiliary verb

– She had finished her meal when we arrived.

– They will be traveling at this time next year.

The Objects

• Object is a word or group of words which receives the action from the verbs; for examples,

• There are three types of objects: direct object, indirect object, and object

of preposition

• Direct objects

The direct object receives the action from the verb; it stands after a transitive verb

a verb that needs object; for examples,

– A boy is playing football.

– We planted a tree.

• Indirect objects

The indirect object tells who the direct object is for or to; it is used with

ditransitive verbs – a verb that needs two objects – such as tell, buy, give, offer, sent, provide, etc

– My mother bought me a dictionary ('a dictionary' is for 'me'.)

– We sent our boss a report ('a report' is to 'our boss'.)

• Object of prepositions

The object of preposition stands after a preposition such as at, on, in, for, etc

– They are good at maths.

– I left my book on the table.

The Complements

• Complement is a word or group of words which completes the meaning of a subject or object

• There are two types of complements: subject complements and

object complements

• Subject complements

The subject complements complete the meaning of the subjects; they normally stand after linking verbs

– Vutha is a businessman.

– The photograph looks nice.

• Object complements

The object complements complete the meaning of the objects; they normally stand after direct objects

– He appointed her secretary.

– We find the food disgusting.

The Adverbials

• Adverbial is a word or group of words which is used as an adverb in a sentence

• The adverbial could be an adverb, adverb phrase, or prepositional phrase used

as an adverb

• An adverb

- I get up early.

- He has gone home.

- We will meet tomorrow.

- He drives carefully.

• An adverb phrase

– They work very hard.

– She came a bit late.

– They lived very far.

– He acted so carelessly.

• A prepositional phrase used as an adverb – They are at a hotel.

– I’m going to the bank.

– He wrote with red pen.

– We will talk after lunch time.

2 Sentence Structure

Simple Sentence Structure

A simple sentence consists of one independent clause (An independent clause contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.)

Examples:

 I like coffee

 Mary likes tea

 The earth goes round the sun

 Mary did not go to the party

Compound Sentence Structure

A compound sentence is two (or more) independent clauses joined by a conjunction

or semicolon Each of these clauses could form a sentence alone

Examples:

 I like coffee and Mary likes tea

independent clause coordinating

conjunction

independent clause

 Mary went to work but John went to the party

Mary went to work but John went to the party independent clause coordinating

conjunction

independent clause

There are seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so

Complex Sentence Structure

A complex sentence consists of an independent clause plus a dependent clause (A dependent clause starts with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun, and contains a subject and verb, but does not express a complete thought.)

Examples:

 We missed our plane because we were late

We missed our plane because we were late

independent clause subordinating

conjunction

dependent clause

 Although she was considered smart, she failed all her exams

Although she was considered smart, she failed all her exams subordinating

conjunction

dependent clause independent clause

Here are some common subordinating conjunctions:

after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while

Compound-Complex Sentence Structure

A compound-complex sentence consists of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses

 Since she was a vegetarian, she refused to eat the turkey, but she was more than happy to eat the potatoes

Since she was a

vegetarian

she refused to eat the turkey

but she was more than

happy to eat the potatoes.

subordinating

conjunction

dependent clause

independent clause

coordinating conjunctions

independent clause

 We won the game, but my uniform was muddy because it rained the

entire time

We won the

game,

but my uniform was

muddy

because it rained the

entire time

independent

clause

coordinating conjunctions

independent clause subordinating

conjunction

dependent clause

3 Sentence typed based on sentence elements

According to the sentence elements and verb complementation:

- S + V: He got up.

- S + V + A: He got into his car.

- S + V + Cs: He got tired.

- S + V + Od: He got his key.

- S + V + Od + A: He got himself into the trouble.

- S + V + Od + Co: He got the house nice.

- S + V + Oi + Od: I got him a book

Using different sentence types is important in writing an essay This is essential in order to produce a good and more interesting writing Since the English epartment students are required to produce a good academic writing, so that they are necessitated to produce a writing which has good variation in sentence types using

To describe the sentences, we should develop our knowledge in sentence’s element especially in word class, for it is very important in determining correctly phrase or the clause of sentence