GRAMMAR
► PAST SIMPLE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN)
1. Structures (Cấu trúc) Với động từ "to be":
(+) Affirmative (Câu khẳng định) (-) Negative (Câu phủ định) I/ He/ She/ It was
… I/ He/ She/ It was not
…
We/ You / They were We/ You / They were not
Short forms (Dạng rút gọn)
was not = wasn't were not = weren’t
E.g.: • She was in London last winter. (Cô ấy đã ở Luân Đôn vào mùa đông năm ngoái.)
• We weren't satisfied with the poor quality of your products. (Chúng tôi không hài lòng với những sản phẩm kém chất lượng của các anh.)
(?) Interrogative (Câu nghi vấn) (!) Response (Trả lời)
Was I/ he/ she/ it
…?
Yes, I/ he/ she/ it was.
you/ we/ they were.
Were we/ you / they
No, I/ he/ she/ it wasn’t..
you/ we/ they weren’t.
E.g.: • A: Were you at the conference yesterday? (Anh có ở cuộc hội thảo hôm qua không?) B: No, I wasn't. (Tôi không.)
• A: Was he at home this morning? (Anh ấy có ở nhà sáng nay không?) B: Yes. he was. (Ừ, anh ấy có.)
Với động từ thường:
(+) Affirmative (Câu khẳng định) (-) Negative (Câu phủ định) verb-ed
Subject
V2 (Động từ bất quy tắc) Subject did not verb
Short form (Dạng rút gọn)
• did not = didn't
E.g.: My brother bought a new laptop last month.
(Anh trai tôi đã mua một chiếc máy tính xách tay mới vào tháng trước.)
They didn't sell their old car. (Họ đã không bán chiếc xe cũ của mình.) (?) Interrogative (Câu nghi vân) (!) Response (Trả lời)
verb Yes, subject + did.
Did subject
No, subject + didn't.
E.g.: A: Did you discuss this problem in the meeting last week?
(Cậu đã thảo luận vấn đề này trong cuộc họp tuần trước phải không?) B: Yes, I did. (Ừ, tớ đã nói rồi.)
A: Did he break up with her? (Anh ấy đã chia tay với cô ấy rồi phải không?) B: No, he didn't. (Anh ấy chưa đâu.)
2. Usage (Cách dùng)
3. Signals (Dấu hiệu nhận biết)
Một số trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ:
in the past, in the old days (trong quá khứ)
• in + mốc thời gian trong quá khứ: in 1997 (vào năm 1997), in 2007(vào năm 2007), in the 19th century (vào thế kỷ 19),...
yesterday (hôm qua), yesterday morning (sáng hôm qua), yesterday afternoon (chiều hôm qua), yesterday evening (tối hôm qua), ...
last + thời gian: last night (đêm qua), last week (tuần trước), last month (tháng trước), ... khoảng thời gian + ago: ten minutes ago (mười phút trước), four hours ago (bốn giờ trước), three days ago (ba ngày trước),...
4. How to add "-ed" to regular verbs (Cách thêm -ed vào động từ có quy tắc)
Động từ thường thêm -ed expect (mong đợi) expected
listen (nghe) listened Động từ tận cùng bằng -e thêm -d behave (cư xử) behaved
arrive (đến) arrived Động từ tận cùng bằng phụ âm + -y bỏ -y thêm -ied study (học) studied
carry (mang) carried Động từ tận cùng bằng nguyên âm + -y thêm -ed enjoy (yêu thích) enjoyed
destroy (phá hủy) destroyed gấp đôi phụ âm
cuối rồi thêm - ed
prefer (thích hơn) preferred
stop (dừng lại) stopped
5. Table of irregular verbs in the past (Bảng động từ bất quy tắc) Infinitives Past
Simple Infinitives Past
Simple Infinitives Past Simple
khi động từ có tận cùng được phát âm là /t/ hoặc /d/
succeeded, provided, needed, wanted
/d/
-ed /t/
khi động từ có tận cùng là các helped, sniffed, looked, kissed, phụ âm vô thanh (được phát âm là /p/, /k/, /f/, /s/, /∫/ và /t∫/
Helped, sniffed, looked, kissed, washed,
watched
bring (mang) brought give (cho) gave run (chạy) ran
buy (mua) bought go (đi) went see (nhìn) saw
come (đến) came have(có) had shut(đóng) shut
do (làm) did know (biết) knew swim (bơi) swam
drink (uống) drank leave (rời đi) left take (lấy) took
drive (lái xe) drove lose (mất) lost teach (dạy) taught
eat(ăn) ate make (làm) made tell (nói) told
find (tìm) found meet (gặp) met think (nghĩ) thought
forget (quên) forgot put (đặt) put understand (hiểu) understood
get (lấy) got read (đọc) read write (viết) wrote
► USED TO (ĐÃ TỪNG...) 1. Structures (Cấu trúc)
(+) Affirmative (Câu khẳng định) (-) Negative (Câu phủ định)
Subject used to verb Subject didn't use to verb
E.g.: • She used to work for this company. (Cô ấy đã từng làm việc cho công ty này)
• I didn't use to like him when we were at school.
(Tôi đã không thích anh ấy khi chúng tôi còn học ở trường.) 2. Usage (Cách dùng)
Ta dùng "used to" + verb để diễn tả thói quen, trạng thái hay tình trạng trong quá khứ.
E.g.: • My mother used to be a vegetarian but now she isn’t any more.
(Mẹ tôi đã từng là một người ăn chay nhưng giờ thì không.)
• I didn’t use to get up early when I was at high school.
(Tôi không từng dậy sớm khi học trung học phổ thông.)
PRONUNCIATION
HOW TO PRONOUNCE -ED (CÁCH PHÁT ÂM -ED)
GRAMMAR & PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES
I - Choose the word (A, B, C, D) whose underlined part is pronounced differently.
(Chọn từ (A, B, C, D) có phần được gạch chân được phát âm khác với các từ còn lại.)
E.g.: A. watched B. phoned C. referred D. followed
/ɪd/
cancelled, enclosed, delivered, stayed, filled.
khi động từ có tận cùng là nguyên âm và các phụ âm hữu thanh
1. A. invited B. needed C. ended D. liked
2. A. disappeared B. decided C. claimed D. freed
3. A. worked B. stopped C. wanted D. forced
4. A. waited B. mended C. objected D. faced
5. A. wished B. suggested C. provided D. devoted
II - Convert the affirmative sentences into the negative and the interrogative.
(Chuyển các câu khẳng định sang câu phủ định và nghi vấn.) E.g.: Mr. Brown slept well last night.
(-) Mr. Brown didn’t sleep well last night.
(?) Did Mr. Brown sleep well last night?
1. Peter went to the supermarket a few minutes ago.
(-) (?)
2. They published "Easy 5" three months ago.
(-) (?)
3. His parents travelled to Hong Kong last year.
(-) (?)
4. Daisy was very happy when she scored high marks in the final exam.
(-) (?)
5. They were excited about the film last night.
(-) (?)
III - Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple.
(Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn.)
E.g.: Last night, I played my guitar loudly and the neighbors (complain) c omplained.
1. I (meet) my grandparents last weekend.
2. I (visit) my uncle's home regularly when I was a child.
3. Last weekend, I (go) to the restaurant with a client.
4. Last night, I (not - watch) TV because I had to do my homework.
5. The weather (be) strangely fine yesterday.
6. Hoa (not - be) satisfied with the exam results last week.
7. A thief (break) into my aunt’s house two days ago. (break) 8. Where (spend) you your last holiday?
9. My brother (not - take) part in a football team when he was in secondary school.
10. They (not - be) at school yesterday because they went camping.
IV - Choose the best option.
(Chọn phương án đúng nhất)
E.g.: I a student in Lomonoxop School in 1999.
A. was B. were C. to be D. to was
1. Look! A man to steal Paul's wallet.
A. tries B. is trying C. tried D. will try
2. Yesterday, I my younger brother to the park and him an ice-cream A. took - buy B. take - bought C. took - bought D. take - buy
make build want work design contaminate 3. He home to see his parents every month.
A. goes B. go C. will go D. is going
4. Last Thursday, Thomas to work because he suffered from headaches.
A. isn’t driving B. doesn’t drive C. didn’t drive D. don’t drive 5. My father used to as a taxi driver five years ago.
A. works B. work C. worked D. working
6. They the bus yesterday morning because they got up late.
A. don’t catch B. weren’t catch C. didn’t catch D. not catch 7. Peter and I this December.
A. are going to graduate B. graduated
C. didn't graduate D. graduate
8. What you five days ago?
A. does - do B. did - do C. were – do D. did - does
9. We to go sailing on the lake last summer holiday.
A. use B. am using C. will use D. used
10. you replace the broken faucet last Sunday?
A. Do B. Will C. Did D. Does
READING EXERCISES
Complete the passage using the appropriate past simple forms of verbs in the box.
(Hoàn thành đoạn văn bằng cách sử dụng các động từ thích hợp ở thì quá khứ đơn trong hộp.)
The London Eye is one of the most popular attractions in London, and it is visited by people from over the UK and the world. It was designed by David Marks and Julia Barfield for a competition which was organised by a British newspaper in 1994. The newspaper (1) a new London building to celebrate the year of 2000.
The Eye is 135 metres tall and it is the largest observation wheel in the world. Up to 800 people are carried on it at any one time. Marks and Barfield (2) and (3) the Eye for the less than 16 months. More than 1,700 people (4) on building the London Eye and much of it was built in other countries. The wheel was developed in the Netherlands. Experts in the Czech Republic and Italy (5) some of the metal parts. The capsules which the people sit in were made in the French Alps and the glass was produced in Italy.
(KET Objective)
nor