Ddn cudi thd ki XIX - ddu the ki XX, nude Nga chua tidn hdnh cudc each mang tu san nhung da chuydn sang giai doan de qud'c chii nghTa. Kinh td cdng thuong nghiep phdt trien cimg vdi su xud't hien cua cac edng ti ddc quyen. Ndn cdng nghiep md rdng vdi quy md ngdy cdng ldn lam cho ddi ngii cdng nhan cang them ddng dao.
Ve chfnh tri, nudc Nga duy tri hdu nhu nguydn ven bd may cai tri ciia ndn qudn chil phong kidn chuyen chd. Nga hoang bdp nghet mgi quydn hr do dan chu nen hdu bet edc giai cdp ddu bdt man vdi chd do nay. Ddi sd'ng cua cdng nhdn va nhan dan lao ddng Nga hdt siic co cue. Giai cd'p vd san Nga vira chiu deh dp biic cua che do phong kien, 'vira chiu su bdc lot ciia giai cap tu san trong nude va tu san nudc ngoai.
Them vdo dd, su thdt bai eiia Nga trong cudc chidn tranh Nga - Nhat (1904 - 1905), lam cho ddi sd'ng nhan dan edng thdm co cue, mau thudn xa hdi ngdy cdng sdu sdc, thiic day sir biing nd each mang d Nga.
Hay neu hnh hmh nwd'c Nga cudi the ki XIX dau thekiXX.
each mang bung n^
Tir cud'i nam 1904, nhidu cudc bai cdng va bidu tinh ciia qudn chting da nd ra vdi khdu bieu : "Da ddo chd do chuydn chd !", "Da ddo chidn tranh !". Cac cudc dd'u tranh eua qudn chiing da cham ngdi lira cho each mang.
Ngdy 9 - 1 - 1905, 14 van cdng nhdn Xanh Pd-tec-bua va gia dinh tay khdng vu khf, mang theo cd va dnh cua Nga hodng tidn ddn Cung dien Miia Ddng de thinh cdu Nga hoang cdi thien ddi sd'ng. Nhumg quan ddi va cdnh sdt da xa siing vdo doan bidu tinh ciia qudn chiing lam hang nghin ngudi chdt vd bi thuong.
Dd la "Ngdy chii nhat ddm mdu". Ldng tin ciia nhan dan vao Nga hodng bi tidu tan. Cdng nhan thii dd bdt ddu dung chidn luy, chudn bi chidn ddu. Khdu hieu
"Da dao chd do chuyen chd !" dugc truyen di khdp noi, mdt ldn sdng bai cdng phan ddi bting len trong ca nudc. Chi trong thdng 1 - 1905, so ngudi bai cdng da len tdi 44 van, nhidu hon cd sd ngudi bai cdng ciia 10 nam trudc dd cdng lai.
Hinh 79 - Cudc bieu tinh ngay 9 - 1 - 1905 d Xanh Pe-tec-bua
202
Mtia he 1905, phong trao each mang lan rdng, Idi cudn ca binh linh va ndng dan. L i ki niem 1 - 5 - 1905 da bien thanh cupc bieu dUdng tinh ddan ke't ciia cdng nhan toan Nga. Tinh than each mang tac ddng de'n ca quan dpi. Thang 6-1905, thuy thii tren chien ham Pd-tem-kin d 6-det-xa khdi nghTa. Ndng dan cung ndi day ddt pha dinh thU ciia dja chil. O nhieu ndi, cac xd viet dai bieu cdng nhan - mam mdng ciia chi'nh quyen vd san, dUdc thanh lap.
Miia thu 1905, phong trdo each mang tidp tuc ddng cao vdi nhumg cudc bai cdng chfnh tri eua qudn chiing, lam ngung tre mgi boat ddng kinh td va giao thdng trong ed nudc. Thdng 12 - 1905, cudc tdng bai cdng dugc bdt ddu d Mat-xco-va, rdi nhanh ehdng bien thanh khdi nghia vu trang. Cdng nhan da dimg chidn luy va chidn ddu anh dung trong hai tudn Id. Theo guong Mat-xco-va, nhidu cudc khdi nghTa vii trang cung nd ra d cac thdnh phd kbac trong ca nudc...
Song do thidu td chiic chat che, luc lugng qud chenh lech nen nhumg cudc khdi nghTa ndy da nhanh chdng bj thdt bai. Phong trao cdch mang xud'ng ddn va chdm diit vao cud'i nam 1907.
Cdch mang 1905 - 1907 la cudc each mang dan chii tu san ddu tidn do giai edp vd san lanh dao trong tbdi ki de qude chu nghia. Tuy that bai nhumg y nghTa ciia cdch mang that ldn lao. Cdch mang da phat ddng cae giai cdp bi bde lot va cdc dan tdc bi dp biic trong de qud'c Nga diing ldn ddu tranh, ldm lung lay chd do Nga hoang. Cudc cdch mang Nga da ddy len mdt cao trao ddu tranh eiia giai cap vd san trong cdc nudc dd qud'c va thiic ddy sir phat trien ciia phong trdo giai phdng dan tdc d cdc nudc phucmg Ddng vao ddu the ki XX.
Trinli bay nliifng dien bien chinh cua Cach mang 1905 - 1907 d Nga.
.AU HOI
1. Hay neu vai trd ciia Le-nin ddi vdi phong trao cong nhan Nga cuoi the kl XIX - dau the ki XX.
2. Hay neu tinh chat va y nghTa Ijch sir ciia Cach mang
1 9 0 5 - 1 9 0 7 6 Nga. j
203
Muc LUC
Trang
Phdn mot
UCH sCf THE'Gldl THCJI NGUYEN THUY, CO OM VA TRUNG OAI
Cliuang I - XA HOI NGUYEN THUY
Bai 1 : Sir xuai hien loai ngudi va bay ngudi nguyen thuy 4
Bai 2 : Xa hoi nguyen thuy 9 C/Hr<7ô?//-XA H O I C 6 DAI
Bai 3 : Cac qud'c gia cd dai phucmg Ddng 12 Bai 4 : Cac qudc gia cd dai phuang Tay - Hi Lap va Rd-ma 20
Chuang III - TRUNG QUOC THCil PHONG KIEN
Bai 5 : Trung Qud'c thdi phong kie'n 28 Chuang IV - AN DO T H O I PHONG KIEN
Bai 6 ; Cac qudc gia An va van hoa truySn thdng An Do 37 Bai 7 ; Su phat thin lich su va n6n van hoa da dang cua An Do 41
Chuang V - DONG NAM A T H O I PHONG KIEN
Bai 8 : Su hinh thanh va phat trie'n cac vuong qud'c chinh d Ddng Nam A 45
Bai 9 : Vucmg qudc Cam-pu-chia va Vuong qud'c Lao 50 Cliuang VI - TAY AU T H O I TRUNG DAI
Bai 10 : Thdi ki hinh thanh va phat trie'n cua che dd phong kie'n d Tay Au 55 (Tir the ki V de'n the ki XIV)
Bai 11 : Tay Au thdi hau ki trung dai 60 Bai 12 : On tap : Lich sit the gidi thdi nguyen thuy, cd dai va trung dai 66
Phdn hai
LjCH SLf VIET NAM T Q N G U 6 N GOC OEN G I O A THE' K! XIX
Chuang I - VIET NAM T L / T H O I NGUYEN THUY DEN THE KI X
Biii 13 : Viet Nam thdi nguyen thuy 70 Bai 14 : Cac qudc gia cd dai tren dai nudc Viet Nam 74
Bai 15 : Thdi Bdc thudc va cac cudc da'u tranh gianh ddc lap dan tdc
(Tir the ki II TCN de'n dau the ki X) 80 Biii 16 : Thdi Bae thuoc va cac cudc dau tranh gianh ddc lap dan tdc (Tiep theo) 83
Chuang ll - VIET NAM TUTHE KI X DEN THE KJ XV Bai 17 : Qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trien cua nha nudc phong "kie'n
(Tir the ki X de'n the ki XV) 87
204
Bai Bai Bai
Bai 18 19 20
21 Bai 22 Bai 23 Bai 24
Bai 25 Bai 26 :
Bai 27 Bai 28
Cdng cudc xay dung vii phat irit'n kinh le trong cac the ki X - XV 91 Nhu'ng cupc khang chien chdng ngoai xam d cac the ki X - XV 96 Xay dung va phat tridn van hoa dan tpc trong cac the ki X - XV 101 Chii'tnig III - VIET NAM TUTHl! KI XVl DEN THE KI XVIII
Nhu'ng bien ddi cua nha nudc phong kien trong cac the ki XVI - XVIII 106
Tinh hinh kinh te d cac the ki XVl - XVIII 111 Phong triio Tay Son va su nghiep thdng nhat diit nudc.
bao ve Td qudc cudi the ki XVIII 116 Tinh hinh van hoa d ciic the ki XVl - XVIll 1 2 1
Chirong A - VIET NAM 0 NUA DAU THE KI XIX
Tmh hinh chinh tri. kinh te. van hoa dudi tridu Nguyen (Nita dau the ki ,XIX) 125 Tnh hinh xa hpi d nira dau the ki XIX vii phong triio dau tranh cua nhan dan 1 30 SO KET LICH SUVIET NAM TUNGUON GOC DEN GIUA THE Kl XIX
Qua trinh dung nudc vit giCr nudc I 33
Truydn thdng yeu nud'c cua diin tpc Viet Nam thd'i phong kien 137
Biii 29 Biii 30 Bai 3 I
Bai 32 Bai 33 Bai 34 Biii 35
Bai 36 Bai 37 Bai 38 Bai 39 Bai 40
Phdn ba
UCH sO THE'Gldl CAN OAI
CIni'o'ng I - CAC CUOC CACH MANG TUSAN (Tir giCia the ki XVI den cudi the ki XVIII) Cach mung Hii Lun vii each mang tu .sun Anh
Chien tranh giimh doc lap ciia cue thupe dia Anh d Bae Mi Cach mang lu san Phap cudi the ki .XVIII
Chii'o'iig II - CAC NUOc AU - MI (Tir ddu the ki XIX den diiu the ki XX) Cach mang cdng nghiep d chiiu .Au
Hoiin thiinh each mang tu san d chiiu .\u vii Mi giCiu the ki XIX Cac nud'c tu ban chuydn sung giai doan ddqudc chu nghia Cac nudc Anh. Phap. Due. Mi vii su bimh trudng thudc diu Chii'o'iig III - PHONG TRAO C O N G NHAN
(Tir diui the ki XIX deii dau the ki XX)
Su hinh thiinh vii phat trid'n cua phong triio cdng nhan Mac vil Ang-ghen. Sir ra dd'i ciiu chii ngliTu xa hpi khoa hpe Qudc td thir nhut vii Cdng xu Pa-ri I 871
Qudc te tlui' hai
Ld-nin vii phong triio cdng nhim Ngu diiu the ki XX
142 146
\5\
15y 163 170 174
183 ISS 192 197 200