เสียชีวิต [lose life - formal]
4. Beskedet ửverraskar en del medlemmar i Yles
fửrvaltningsrồd. hear
5. - Sồ họr fồr det inte gồ till, sọger Irina Krohn (grửn). I/proc
ả1
6. Rundradion har dồlig ekonomi. MG
7. Enligt medlemmar i fửrvaltningsrồdet som Hbl har talat med ọr
bolaget i behov av kraftig sanering. Ev/ass
ả1
8. Ordfửranden fửr fửrvaltningsrồdet, Markku Laukkanen (c) uppgav i gồr att Jouni Backman, 45, bekrọftat att han stọller upp som kandidat till posten som vd fửr Yle.
Ev/ass + Hear
ả1
9. - Mot den ekonomiska bakgrunden ọr Backman ett bra val. I/proc 10. Vi vet alla vad som họnder med de svenska resurserna i ett sồdant
lọge. I/proc
11. Men inget ọr fastspikat. I/proc
12. Fửrvaltningsrồdet samlas pồ tisdag, sọger Berth Sundstrửm, sfp:s
representant i Yles fửrvaltningsrồd. I/proc
ả1
13. - Fửrhandlingarna ọr tydligen slut. I/prob
14. Nu stannade man fửr en politisk lửsning. I/proc
15. Personligen ửnskar jag att man valt en hồrd sanerare, sọger Marja
Tiura, en av samlingspartiets representanter i rồdet. I/proc
ả1
16. Rundradions nuvarande chef Arne Wessberg gồr i pension vid
ồrsskiftet. MG
17. Ex-minister och riksdagsledamot Jouni Backman har starka band till public service-rundradioverksamhet och breda samhọlleliga
kontakter.
18. Backman ọr vice ordfửrande i Yles fửrvaltningsrồd,
ả1
19. Ser dồligt ut App
ả1
20. Det har tagit lồng tid att vaska fram en vd fửr Yle och namnen som
nọmnts under de 18 mồnader som gồtt har varit mồnga. MG 21. Jouni Backman var tillsammans med Markku Laukkanen med i den
grupp som hade i uppgift att leta fram lọmpliga vd-kandidater.
22. Nu ọr han sjọlv kandidat nummer 1, med hjọlp av Laukkanen.
ả1
23. - Jouni Backman ọr en bra typ, ung och dynamisk och har arbetat fửr
att fồ Yles ekonomi i balans. I/proc
24. Jag har verkligen inget emot hans person, sọger Marja Tiura. I/proc
ả1
25 - Men inte ser det họr bra ut. I/proc
26. Å andra sidan ọr det ett mửnster. I/prob
27. Vi vet frồn fửrut hur sossarna och centern delat viktiga poster
sinsemellan. I/hear
ả1
28. - Nej, inte blir det sọrskilt hưga stilpộng, sọger Berth Sundstrưm. I/proc
ả1
29. Upprửrd Krohn App
ả1
30. Irina Krohn, som fửr de grửnas talan i fửrvaltningsrồdet, ọr
chockad, arg och besviken. MG
31. Hon lovar att morgondagens omrửstning inte blir enhọllig. Ev/ass
ả1
32. - Rundradion ọr inte bara ett bolag bland andra utan Finland stửrsta
kulturinstitution. I/proc
33. Nọr Yle vọljer vd fồr det bara inte se ut som det nu gửr. I/proc
ả1
34. Jouni Backmans kandidatur kommer som en fullstọndig ửverraskning
fửr Irina Krohn. MG
ả1
35. - Arbetsutskottet hade ett mửte fửrra veckan. I/proc.
36. Inte ett ord sades om det họr dồ. I/proc
37. Jag hade gọrna sett att Backman jọvat sig sjọlv frồn
utredningsgruppen. I/proc
38. Det họr ọr oetiskt. I/proc
ả1
39. Inte heller Irina Krohn kritiserar Backman som person. MG 40. ”Han ọr en bra typ och en bra administratửr”. I/proc
ả1
41. - Men jag kan inte fửrstồ det họr, sọger hon. I/proc
ả1
42. Markku Laukkanen kommer nu att kontakta de politiska partier som
har representanter i fửrvaltningsrồdet. MG
43. Tanken ọr att fồ grửnt ljus fửr Jouni Backman. MG 44. Sjọlv sọger Backman att hans kandidatur beror pồ Laukkanens
sonderingar. Ev/ass
ả1
45. - Mitt svar beror pồ resultatet av sonderingarna. I/prob 46. Om det blir grửnt ljus ọr jag intresserad, sọger Backman till Yles tv-
nyheter. I/proc
Tommy Pohjola
09-1253 341, tommy.pohjola@hbl.fi
HUFVUDSTADSBLADET (Swedish language daily in Finland), 29th September 2004
Clause # Swedish
1 VD-POST MG
2 Rundradion tvingas vọnta pồ ny chef App
3 Utnọmningen av ny hửgsta chef fửr Rundradion blev en seg affọr i gồr dồ fửrvaltningsrồdet sammantrọdde.
MG
4. Efter sex timmars diskussion bordlades frồgan. MG 5. Fửrvaltningsrồdet sammantrọder pồ nytt pồ fredag. MG
ả1
6. - Dồ hoppas vi vara redo fửr utnọmning, sade fửrvaltningsrồdets
ordfửrande Markku Laukkanen (C) i gồr. I/prob
7. Han ville inte vidkọnnas kritiken mot processen. Ev/ass 8. - Jouni Backman (sdp) gav fửrst pồ sửndagskvọllen tillstồnd fửr
mig att sondera hans mửjligheter att bli vald. I/proc 9. Pồ grund av tidsbrist hann jag inte bereda ọrendet
grundligare, sade Laukkanen. I/proc
10. Annika Lapintie (vf) var dọremot mycket kritisk. MG 11. -Jag betraktar processen som skamligt odemokratisk. I/proc 12. Besvikelsen pồ mửtet var stor med Markku Laukkanens sọtt att
bereda ọrendet. I/app
13. Och ingenting tycks bli bọttre till fredag. I/app 14. Avsikten ọr att utesluta de smồ grupperna frồn beslutsprocessen,
sade Lapintie. I/prob
15. Markku Laukkanen vidhồller att Jouni Backman fortfarande ọr
hans kandidat. MG
16. -Jag anser att Backman har stora mửjligheter att bli vald pồ
fredag, sade Laukkanen. I/proc
17. Annika Lapintie hửll inte med. MG
18. - Om Backman skulle ha ett brett understửd hade han valts redan i
dag. I/prob
19. Motstồndet mot honom var stort, vittnade Lapintie. I/proc 20. Irina Krohn (grửn) sade efter mửtet att hennes kandidat ọr
fửrlagsdirektửren Harri Saukkomaa. EV/ass
21. Lồngt mửte App
22. Fửrvaltningsrồdets mửte blev en mycket utdragen affọr. MG 23. Dồ det hade pồgồtt i fyra timmar, klockan 21, tog man paus och
de socialdemokratiska och centerpartistiska grupperna hửll interna mửten.
MG
24. Meningen var att hela fửrvaltningsrồdet skulle samlas igen en halvtimme senare, men socialdemokraternas mửte drog ut pồ tiden i ửver tvồ timmar.
Prob
25. Vad som behandlades pồ mửtet var oklart. MG
26. Infửr mửtet krọvde mồnga av fửrvaltningsrồdets 17 medlemmar
att utnọmningen skulle uppskjutas och avgửras fửrst senare. EV/ass 27. - Jag vidhồller mitt gamla krav att tjọnsten som vd bửr lediganslồs
och det kommer jag att fửreslồ pồ mửtet. I/proc 28. Det ọr ytterst mọrkligt att de som har fồtt i uppgift att hitta en ny
chef upptọcker att de sjọlva ọr mest kompetenta, sade Annika Lapintie infửr mửtet.
I/proc
29. Hennes fửrslag godkọndes inte. MG
30. - Ett fửretag av Rundradions storlek lediganslồr inte posten som
hửgsta chef, motiverade Laukkanen sitt motstồnd. I/proc 31. Nu har beredningsgruppen utửkats frồn tvồ personer till sex. MG 32. De tre stora partierna har tvồ medlemmar var, de smồ inga
representanter. MG
33. Markku Laukkanen fortsọtter att leda gruppen medan Jouni
Backman lọmnar den. MG
34. Nya medlemmar ọr Maria-Kausa Aula, Kimmo Sasi, Liisa
Jaakonsaari, Jyri Họkọmies och Kalevi Olin. MG 35. Pồ presskonferensen efter mửtet fick Markku Laukkanen frồgan
om inte hela utnọmningen blivit en fars. MG
36. han sjọlv sồg inget ovanligt i processen. MG
37. - Detta var fửrsta gồngen fửrvaltningsrồdet kunde diskutera ett
konkret fửrslag. I/proc
38. Att mửtet drog ut pồ tiden var dọrfửr naturligt. I/proc 39. Annika Lapintie opponerade sig mot Laukkanens tolkning vilket
fick honom att vred lọmna presskonferensen. MG
40. - Sồ ọr det alltid. I/proc
41. Jag berọttar vad som họnt pồ mửtet och Annika Lapintie har
fửrstồtt allting pồ motsatt sọtt! I/proc
42. STAFFAN BRUUN
HUFVUDSTADSBLADET (Swedish language daily in Finland),
30th September 2004
Clause # Swedish
1 Kompetensen som YLE-direktửr ifrồgasọtts Hear
2 Centerkvinnorna tar strid mot Backman MG
3 Jag vill se en kandidat med starkare professionell kompetens ọn Jouni Backman (sdp), sọger medlemmen i Rundradions
fửrvaltningsrồd Maria-Kaisa Aula (c).
I/proc
4. Hon backas upp av kollegan Mirja Ryynọnen. MG
ả1
5. Om de sonderingar som pồgồr fửr att ta fram Rundradions nya vd inte landar i en kompromiss senast i morgon ọr Aula beredd att driva fram en omrửstning.
MG 6. Hon ọr tidigare riksdagsledamot fửr centern och medlem i
Rundradions fửrvaltningsrồd sedan 1991. MG
7. Hon har ocksồ en bakgrund som massmedieforskare och ọr just nu mammaledig frồn sitt jobb som statsminister Matti
Vanhanens specialmedarbetare.
MG
8. Under fửrvaltningsrồdets maratonmửte pồ tisdagskvọllen valdes Aula in i den utvidgade beredningsgrupp som nu tar tag i direktửrsvalet.
MG
9. Hon har en egen kandidat fửr posten och det ọr inte Jouni
Backman. MG
10. Vem det ọr sọger hon inte men ett starkt namn vid mửtet i fửrrgồr
var TV2:s programdirektửr Pọivi Kọrkkọinen. MG 11. De grửnas Irina Krohn fửrde ocksồ fram innehồllsdirektửren
Harri Saukkomaa frồn Yhtyneet Kuvalehdet. MG 12. - Jag utesluter inte att den person som blir vald har kopplingar till
politiken, men politiska meriter fồr inte vara det viktigaste kriteriet. I/prob 13. Avgửrande borde i stọllet vara personens professionella
anknytning till medievọrlden. I/proc
14. Personen bửr ocksồ ha dokumenterad ledarerfarenhet, sọger
Aula. I/proc
15. Det ọr alltsồ Backmans kompetens som ọr stửtestenen, och inte
urvalsprocessen som sồdan? Q/app
16. - Det ọr klart att allt inte ọr som det ska om de tvồ personer som
leder urvalsprocessen stannar fửr den ena i gruppen. I/prob
17. Men det ọr inte huvudsaken. I/proc
18. Jag tror nọmligen inte pồ en helt ửppen ansửkningsprocess till ett
bolag som Rundradion. I/proc
19. Det behửvs sonderingar och de mồste kunna genomfửras utan
publicitet. I/proc
20. Hur ser du pồ kritiken som gồr ut pồ att centern och sdp idkar
den gamla beprửvade politiken ”lite ồt dig, lite ồt mig”? Q/prob 21. - Det kommer alltid att finnas politik med i bilden dồ viktiga poster
ska tillsọttas inom Rundradion. I/proc
22. Det handlar ju trots allt om riksdagens eget bolag. I/proc 23. Men under hela min tid i fửrvaltningsrồdet har jag fửretrọtt synen
att vi behửver mer professionalitet och mindre politik i Yle- ledningen.
I/proc
24. Det sọgs att ordfửrande Markku Laukkanens position vacklar. Q/hear 25. Hur ser du pồ hans agerande?
26. - Centerns interna byktvọtt skửter vi sjọlva, inte i offentligheten. I/proc
27. Sfp ligger lồgt App
28. I offentligheten har ocksồ de grửnas Irina Krohn och vọnsterfửrbundets Annika Lapintie varit vọldigt kritiska till processen medan svenska folkpartiets medlem i fửrvaltningsrồdet, partisekreteraren Berth Sundstrửm legat lồgt.
MG
29. Han meddelade redan tidigare i veckan att han ọr redo att stửdja
Backman. Ass
30. - Fửr mig ọr det en balansgồng. I/proc
31. Jag mồste tọnka pồ att jag ska fửrsvara de svenska resurserna i
Rundradion ocksồ infửr den nya direktửren. I/proc 32. Men ocksồ Sundstrửm tycker illa om processen. MG
33. - Den har pồgồtt i ett par ồr nu utan att man har diskuterat
urvalskriterierna. I/proc
34. De borde ha diskuterats allra fửrst. I/proc
35. Men varfửr har ni inte gjort det, du sitter ju sjọlv i
fửrvaltningsrồdet? Q/prob
36. - Med facit pồ hand kunde vi alla ha tagit tag i frồgan tidigare. I/prob 37. Men jag personligen hade fửrtroende fửr att Laukkanen och
Backman skulle kunna ta fram en bra modell. I/proc 38. Sundstrửm ọr fortfarande redo att svọlja Backman ọven om han
ocksồ kan tọnka sig ett internt rundradionamn. MG 39. Vem det ọr vill han inte sọga, men det enda beaktansvọrda namnet
i debatten utửver Pọivi Kọrkkọinen har varit radiochefen Seppo Họrkửnen.
MG 40. Allt tyder ọndồ pồ att fửrvaltningsrồdets majoritet prioriterar
politiska meriter. App
41. - De stora har gjort valet att den politiska fửrlọningen fortsọtter,
sọger Sundstrửm. I/ass
42. Fửr en liten grupp ọr det ingen idộ att brồka dồ de stora spelar. I/proc 43. Min uppgift ọr i den situationen att bidra till att man vọljer en
person som stồr bakom Rundradions public service-uppdrag. I/proc 44. Ett alternativ som lyftes fram i fửrvaltningsrồdet i fửrrgồr var att
sittande vd:n Arne Wessberg fồr fửrlọngt mandat ọn en gồng. MG 45. - Jo, sọger Sundstrửm, men vad ọr det fửr idộ om man ọndồ har
stannat fửr att prioritera de politiska meriterna hos den nya vd:n. I/prob
46. Dồ kan vọl valet ske med en gồng. I/proc
47. LENA SKOGBERG
09-1253 304, lena.skogberg@hbl.fi
48. ANNE SUOMINEN
09-1253 337, anne.suominen@hbl.fi
Note: boldened text indicates headlines. Font size indicates headline and
subheadlines etc. Italics for source language, regular font for English. Body text in Times 12pt. ả with grey shading (10%) indicates paragraph break. Table lines are invisible.
Chapter 11
Pulling readers in : news photos in Greek and Australian broadsheets Dorothy Economou
University of Sydney Introduction A
The focus of this study is naturalistic photos introducing the long, front-page feature story of a weekend news review section of a Greek and an Australian broadsheet – a news genre often referred to as serious ‘investigative’ journalism (Keeble 2006) and accorded high epistemic status in each country. In both newspapers, news photos used in the news review context seem at first to be like photos accompanying daily hard news stories, but this paper will argue that they are being used to greater evaluative effect. Both news contexts, daily news and weekly news review, use ‘factual photos’, meaning naturalistic photographs accompanied by written captions confirming their contents as real people, places and/or events. However, while photos accompanying daily news stories have a predominantly ideational aim - showing what happened or who said something, those introducing weekly news review feature stories clearly have a more evaluative aim. They are selected and presented to more strongly attitudinally position readers in two ways. They are used to pull readers into the ensuing long written feature story, and also, together with headlines, to position them on the issue explored in the following written story.
Evaluative meanings in photos of asylum seekers B
This chapter identifies evaluative meanings in news photos introducing three Greek and three Australian news review feature stories on the issue of asylum seekers as faced by each country in the same one year period. The stories are from the weekly news review section of two similarly ‘middlebrow’ high circulation broadsheets, the Australian Sydney Morning Herald (hereafter SMH) and the Greek Athens based Eleftherotypia (herefter E). The only similarities found in all six stories were in those visual choices made to emotionally engage readers in order to entice or pull them into the page and story. On the other hand, a consistent difference in visual choices
between the Greek and Australian newspaper was found in the way they evaluatively position readers on the issue of asylum seekers and towards asylum seekers
themselves. This is revealed both in terms of specific attitude values expressed visually, and also in the way these interact with verbal (written) headlines. This difference between the two sets of verbal-visual feature story introductions is
particularly interesting in view of the very similar evaluative stance constructed by all six Greek and Australian written stories. All stories are similarly sympathetic towards the plight of asylum seekers in their country, and also similarly critical of government policy regarding asylum seekers.
Socio-semiotic theoretical framework of Appraisal B
The analysis of photos and photo-headline units in this chapter principally uses the theoretical resources of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), as well as insights from a long tradition of critical discourse analysis of the news media (Trew 1979;
Hodge and Kress 1979/93; Fairclough 1989, 1992, 1995, 2003; van Dijk 1991,1998;
Iedema et al. 1994; Wodak 1989, 2001; van Leeweun 1996; Chouliaraki &
Fairclough1999; Macken-Horarick 2003a, 2003b; Martin 2002a, 2002b, 2004a, Martin &White 2005). The SFL theoretical framework (Halliday 1978, 1986, 1999;
Martin 1992; Halliday and Mathiesson 2004/94) is used not only because it has proved very fruitful in many of the aforementioned critical analyses but also because its comprehensive semantic descriptions of language as a multi-stratal socio-semiotic can be applied to both the visual and verbal semiotic. In the data to be discussed here, the visual semiotic is photographic images and layout design, and the verbal or linguistic semiotic is written printed language. The three types of meanings or
‘metafunctions’ identified in SFL, applied here to two semiotic systems, are the ideational (representing), interpersonal (interacting) and textual (enabling)
metafunctions. This study also employs the SFL discourse semantic description of evaluative meanings (one kind of interpersonal meaning) as mapped by the Appraisal System (Martin 1992, 2000, 2002a, 2002b, 2004a, 2004b; White 1998; Martin
&White 2005). Appraisal is adapted and applied here to visual, verbal and bi-modal (verbal-visual) meanings.
The Appraisal System, presented and discussed more fully in Chapter 1 of this book, identifies three sub-systems of evaluative meaning. First, Attitude values, either positive or negative, of three types : Affect - embodied human feelings such as love, fear or anger; Judgement - moral or ethical assessments of human behaviour such as
corrupt or innocent, strong or weak; and Appreciation - assessment of ‘things’ in terms of aesthetic or social worth such as a beautiful or misshapen object, a successful or dangerous plan. Importantly, an initial entry option for Attitude is the choice between ‘inscribed’ or ‘evoked’, the latter being different ways of implying or invoking an attitude value. As mapped by Appraisal and displayed in Figure 1 below these include ‘provoking’ attitude by lexical metaphor or imagery or by images.
Evoked options also include meanings typically referred to in critical discourse analysis as ‘ideological’, that is, non-attitudinal items which imply attitude values to readers who share a social context, referred to as ideational tokens of attitude here.
Second, Graduation values are those that raise or lower the force of attitudinal meanings, or non-attitudinal meanings in order to evoke attitude. This is achieved either in discrete items such as underlined intensifiers in ‘very strong’ or ‘extremely tall’, or infused intensification such as in the word ‘smash’ compared to the more neutral ‘hit’. Third, Engagement values are those that dialogically position utterances as acknowledging other voices/positions or not, respectively mapped as heteroglossic (many-voiced) and monoglossic (single-voiced) choices.
Figure 1 : Strategies for inscribing and evoking attitude (Martin &White, 2005)
This paper also adapts for news photos, the SFL notion of evaluative ‘key’ (Iedema et al 1994; Martin & White 2005), which identifies three journalistic voices in news writing according to the syndrome of appraisal choices associated with each (See
Figure 2). Corresponding keys or ‘voices’ are identified here in news photos and similarly identified by how constrained or not they are in terms of evaluative options available to them. Finally, the SFL notion of ‘instantiation’ (Martin 2006) is applied to news photos in this chapter in order to explicate how the evaluative potential of factual news photos is expanded when they are relocated from daily news to a news review feature story introduction. Any text is viewed by SFL both as a realisation of a social context, and also as an instance of a semiotic system. This means that where a text includes intertextual references, it can instantiate more than one context. It is also shown here that where the one visual text is re-instantiated into another context, its evaluative key can change. The photos examined here all have their evaluative meanings enhanced when they are re-instantiated from the daily news to the weekly news review context.
Figure 2 Journalistic voices – Evaluative keys
News Contexts - from daily news to weekly news review B
The photos analysed here, all originally taken of real people, places and events as daily news photos, have all been re-contextualised and re-instantiated as weekly news review photos. The photos are selected, edited and presented as an integral component of a prominent photo-headline unit introducing the top feature story of the week. This re-instantiation process is shown here to involve, in each case, a shift in the evaluative key of the original factual news photo to take up a wider range of visual appraisal
options. The analysis shows how these re-instantiated factual photos attitudinally position readers more strongly towards their content and to the issue explored in the long story than do daily news photos. Thus, just as the written news feature story can be distinguished from the more ‘objective’ hard news story by a different syndrome and wider range of evaluative meanings associated with it, so too can the photos associated with each kind of story. In a news feature classified as investigative journalism, the writer’s role is typically seen as analyst and interpreter rather than as reporter of the news (Keeble 2006). A similar interpreter role is identified here for the team of editors and/or designers who produce the photo-headline introduction of a news review feature story. This editorial team construct the authorial ‘visual voice’
here by interpreting the visual ‘facts’ available to them in news photos by selecting and then ‘adjusting’ and presenting them in particular ways in their new context.