NGUYEN TAC GIAO DUC !
2. HE THONG CAC NGUYEN TAC GIAO DUG
2.4. Nguyen tac giao due trong tap the va bang tap the
Giao due trong tap the Id diia tre vdo tap the, lay dnh hiCdng cua tap the, thong qua cac phong trdo cua tap the de giao due cd nhan. Tap the Id ncfi de hoe sinh song vd hoc tap.
Id moi trudng triXe tiep de cac em hoat dong, giao liiu, sinh hoat be ban.
Giao due bang tap the nghia Id diing tap the de giao due cd nhan, dung si2e manh cua tap the de tac dong den moi thdnh vien cua tap the: thong qua tinh tap the, thong qua site manh cua die luan tap the, thong qua viec de ra nhiing yeu edu doi vdi moi cd nhan, thong qua ngUdi dai bie'u cua tap the vdi tii each Id ngubi Idnh dao ditac tap the bdu ra.
V d i each hieu n h i i t r e n , giao due t r o n g tap the vazyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA hkng tap the, chung ta coi tap the hoe s i n h t r o n g nha t r i i d n g vifa
la mot moi t r i i d n g giao due, viia la phiidng t i e n giao due.
Tap the hoc s i n h la moi tru:dng giao due v i :
- No la tap hdp c6 to chiic chat che ciia hoc s i n h vdi bo may t i i quan r i e n g , vdi muc dich thong nhat, vdi n h i i n g hoat dong chung, cung chung quyen Idi va nghia v u , vdi n h i i n g k i l u a t t i i giac va t a t ca cac yeu to do deu p h i i hdp Idi ich chung cua xa h o i . . , ,
- No tao nen diidc mot d i i l u a n xa hoi l a n h m a n h : c6 tac dung d i n h h i i d n g , dieu c h i n h va danh gia h a n h v i cua cac t h a n h v i e n .
- No tao nen diidc mot phong do cua tap the: p h a n k h d i , hoat bat, h a n g h a i , t i c h ciic, sin sang hoat dong, cam giac v u i sUdng ve n h i i n g pham chat do moi ca n h a n dat dUdc t r o n g phong trao cua tap the. M 6 i ca n h a n tU hao ve tap the cua m i n h , t i i hao ve n h i i n g gia t r i do tap the tao r a . . . .
Tap the hoc sinh con la phiCdng tien gido due vi: V
- No giiip cho cac t h a n h v i e n bien n h i i n g yeu cau giao due cua xa hoi, cua nha t r i i d n g , cua gia d i n h t h a n h n h u cau diidc giao due cua m6i tap the va cua moi t h a n h v i e n . Ben canh do, no eon t i i de ra n h i i n g yeu cau giao due cho cac t h a n h vien cua m i n h .
- No to chiic cac boat dong tap the theo t i n h t h a n t i i quan, theo d i n h hiidng ciia cac nha giao due, tao cd hoi va dieu k i e n cho cac t h a n h vien t i i ren l u y e n , bien n h i i n g yeu cau giao due t h a n h n h i i n g pham chat ca n h a n , n h i i n g h a n h v i va t h o i quen h a n h v i tiidng l i n g . '
- N o t i e n h a n h d i e u c h m h n h i i n g n h a n t h i i c , t h a i do, h a n h v i v a t h o i q u e n h a n h v i c h u a d u n g hoac l e c h lac sao cho p h i i h d p v d i n h i J n g y e u c a u g i a o d u e m a x a h o i m o n g m u o n .
- N o gop p h a n d a n h g i a v a t a o d i e u k i e n c h o m o i t h a n h
v i e n tvf d a n h g i a k e t q u a r e n l u y e nzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA h a n h v i v a t h o i q u e n h a n h v i . n ' v / jzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA^ f i f ; "zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA imrad} iirDih uzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA^rht. iằV>^ r
G i a o d u e hoc s i n h t r o n g t a p t h e k h o n g c h i l a m o t n g u y e n t a c g i a o d u e m a c o n t h e h i e n m u c d i c h g i a o d u e c u a x a h o i t a l a d a o t a o c o n ngxibi l a m c h i i t a p t h e , l a m c h u q u e h q d n g d a t n q 6 c .
Be thUc hien nguyen tac giao due trong tap the va hang tap the, can chu y den mot so yeu cau sau:
- G i a o d u e t r o n g t a p t h e v a b a n g t a p t h e l a d i t h e o d U d n g lo'i q u a n c h u n g t r o n g c o n g t a c g i a o d u e . D i e u n a y c6 n g h i a l a d u n g q u a n c h u n g de g i a o d u e q u a n c h u n g ; d u n g n g U d i d q d c g i a o d u e de g i a o d u e n g U d i d^dc g i a o d u e . X u a t p h a t t i i l u a n d i e m n a y , n h a s\ p h a m 16i l a c e i i a t h e k i X X , A . X . M a c a r e n c o ( 1 8 8 8 - 1 9 3 9 ) d a d U a r a p h U d n g p h a p g i a o d u e " t a c d o n g s o n g s o n g " , t i i c l a n h a s U p h a m p h a i d o n g t h d i t a c d o n g d e n t a p t h e v a d e n tufng ca n h a n hoc s i n h . N g d d i hoc s i n h w\ia l a do'i t i i d n g c h i u h a i t a c d o n g g i a o d u e s o n g s o n g , v i i a l a c h u t h e c u a t a c d o n g g i a o d u e d e n n g U d i k h a c c u n g n h u d e n b a n t h a n . M 6 i t a c d o n g d e n ca n h a n p h a i l a tac d o n g d e n t a p t h e , v a m 6 i t a c d o n g d e n t a p t h e p h a i l a t a c d o n g d e n ca n h a n c u a cac t h a n h v i e n . D o do silc m a n h t a c d o n g g i a o d u e se d U d e n h a n l e n . T u y v a y , v i e e su: d u n g n g u y e n iic n a y c u n g c i n I q u y : k h o n g p h a i t a p t h e hoc s m h n a o. c i i n g s i i d u n g d U d c p h u d n g p h a p n a y m a t a p t h e d o p h a i l a t a p t h e v f l n g m a n h , t a p t h e eo d u s i i c m a n h de t a c d o n g
1
(je'n cac t h a n h v i e n , c o n n e u c h u n g t a s i i d u n g v a o t a p t h e y g u k e m t h i c h S n g k h a c n a o n h d " g i o t h o i v a o n h a t r o n g " .
- G i a o d u e t h o n g q u a t a p t h e l a n h a s q p h a m p h a i x a y d i i n g t a p t h e hoe s i n h t h a n h m o t m o i t r ^ d n g sU p h a m . M o t t a p t h e t r d t h a n h m o t m o i t r U d n g s i i p h a m c a n c6 cac d i e u k i e n s a u : r.^^'^ 'AJ^m b -vjvvu. i ^ /
+ T a p t h e do p h a i d o a n k e t n h a t t r i ; •'•V^*':**
Ln u'ij .
+ T a p t h e do p h a i c6 d U l u a n l a n h m a n h ;
. + T a p t h e d o p h a i CO c a n bo n o n g c o t v f l n g m a n h ;
' + T a p t h e do p h a i t a o r a dUdc cac h o a t d o n g t a p t h e n h a m t h u h u t dUdc m o i t h a n h v i e n t h a m g i a v a o h o a t d o n g c h u n g .
- V i e e x a y d d n g m o t t a p t h e p h a i l a m c h o m o i ca n h a n t h a y r S n g : sU p h a t t r i e n c u a t a p t h e v e m o i m a t t r o n g do eo
q u y e n I d i c i i a m o i ca n h a n . >s
- D e nhCing t a c d o n g c i i a n h a g i a o d u e d e n t a p t h e hoe s i n h CO h i e u q u a , y e u c a u n h a g i a o d u e p h a i n ^ m dUdc cac g i a i d o a n p h a t t r i e n c u a t a p t h e hoe s m h . Co n h d v a y m d i t r a n h dUdc n h i 3 n g k h u y n h h i f d n g :
+ T h i e u t i n t q d n g do'i v 6 i l a n h d a o c i i a t a p t h e d a n d e n t h a i do b a o h i e n , a p d a t , l a m t h a y h a y doc d o a n t r o n g q u a n l i t a p t h e hoe s i n h .
+ T i n t q d n g q u a m i i e v a o k h a n a n g t q q u a n c u a t a p t h e dan d e n v i e e b u o n g l o n g q u a n 11, t h a n o i s i i p h a t t r i e n c u a tap t h e hoe s i n h . . .
2.5. Nguyen t ac thong nhat giCifa giao due y thiifc va hanh vi N h q t a d a b i e t , g i a o d u e l a m o t q u a t r i n h b a o g o m b a k h a u t h o n g n h a t b i e n c h i i n g v d i n h a u . do l a : g i a o d u e y t h i i c .
giao due t h a i do va h i n h t h a n h h a n h v i , t h o i quen h a n h v i . M o t qua t r i n h giao due dat duoe hieu qua k h i do'i tUOng giao duezyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA viia c6 n h a n thiie dung, c6 t h a i do dung va l a i c6 h a n h v i ehuan mUe dUOe the hien t r o n g euoe song hang ngay.
Tho'ng nhat giUa giao due y thi2c va hanh vi chinh la nham gidi quyet moi quan he giUa qua trinh giao due y thiic va qua trinh hanh thanh hanh vi. T r o n g thUe t i g n giao due, h a i van de nay eo lue khong tho'ng n h a t v6i n h a u hoae qua coi t r o n g viee giao due y thilc, hoae giao due y thilc n h i i n g khong dan den viee h i n h t h a n h h a n h v i . . .
Nguyen tdc nay yeu cdu trong qua trinh giao due nhan each ngiiai hoe sinh, nhat thiet phdi eoi trong viee xdy dUng y thiic eung nhiC viee to chiie tap luyen hanh dgng eua ngiCdi hoe, phdi dam bdo cho y thitc va hanh vi cung nhiC Idi noi vd viee lam cua moi cd nhan diu dat tdi sU thong nhat, phu hap vdi nhieng chudn mUe do xd hoi yeu cdu.
Y thiic tao nen t i e m luc t i n h t h a n eua n h a n eaeh. T r o n g y thufc bao gom toan bo k h a i n i e m , phan doan, danh gia, niem t i n eua eon ngUdi; bao gom ea nang lUe suy n g h i sang tao va the nghiem eua eon ngUdi. Y thiie nay s i n h , h i n h t h a n h va bieu h i e n t r o n g h a n h dong va h a n h v i dong t h d i l a i hudng d i n h a n h dgng, h a n h v i . C h i t i e u bieu h i e n sii t r i l d n g t h a n h cua y t h i l c triide het la h a n h v i thvte te, ma ed sci ciia no la nguyen vgng thqe h i e n n h i i n g dieu ma ea n h a n y thiie diidc, da giae ngg diide. D i e u quan t r o n g khong phai la con ngUdi n g h i gi va noi gi ve ban t h a n , ve n h f l n g y d i n h eua hg, ma la dieu hg da h a n h dgng, da do'i x i i n h u the nao t r o n g tufng trUdng hdp cu the, do'i v6i ngUdi khac, vdi lao dgng, vdi t a i san xa h g i . . .
N h U vay, t i e u chi de d a n h gia n h a n each cua mot con ngiidi la siJ t h o n g n h a t giuta y thute va h a n h v i . H a n h v i la gan phaim cua y thCfe, dong t h d i la ed sd de k h a n g d i n h t r i n h (Jg n h a n thiie va t h a i do eua con n g U d i . Do do sU thong n h a t giiia giao due y thiie va h a n h v i vifa la muc t i e u , vvfa la nguyen t i e ehi dao eac hoat dgng giao due. ,
Be thUc hien dUOe nguyen tdc thong nhat gido due y thiie
ya hanh vi, can chu y mot so dieu sau: ^mnpzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA-M--. u ; i - To chile cho hgc s i n h r e n l u y e n h a n h v i va t h o i quen
h a n h v i . De thue h i e n diidc mue t i e u nay, t r o n g qua t r i n h giao due nha giao due p h a i quan t r i e t day d i i eac nguyen tkc giao due gSn v6i euge so'ng va gan v6i thUe t i e n dat niJ6c;
giao due t r o n g lao dgng va b a n g lao dgng; giao due t r o n g tap the va bang tap the. Thong qua cac loai h i n h giao due nay se tao r a diide mot moi t r i i d n g giao due ma d do hgc s i n h eo n h i e u ed hgi de the h i e n sii tho'ng n h a t giao due gifla y thiie va h i n h t h a n h h a n h v i . 6 day, c6 n h i e u dieu k i e n to chtfe eac h i n h thiie hoat dgng da dang, hap d i n , tao dieu k i e n eho eac doi t U d n g giao due l u y e n tap n h a m h i n h t h a n h n a n g lUc t r i tue, p h a m eha't dao diie va h a n h v i t h o i quen.
- N h a giao due l u o n p h a i la ta'm g i i d n g sang ve m g i mat eho the he t r e n o i theo, n o i va l a m p h a i theo mot chuan mUc sii p h a m . M a t khac, no cung doi h o i n h a s i i p h a m p h a i la n h a to chiie, b i e t tao r a n h i i n g t i n h h u o n g giao due va to chiie cho t r e t i m each g i a i quyet t i n h h u o n g , t h o n g q u a do t r e h i n h t h a n h diide k i n h n g h i e m l i n g \\1 t r o n g euge song.