I Design temp.. &
IAtm. temp., S,
Design temp., Sb Atm. temp., S.
I 1 DESIGN CONDITIONS
3 TABLES 2 3 AND 2-4 G - C - 2 k
b (C - By4
Y m
Desianwessure. P I I AllowrM. Streswr
4 LOAD AND BOLT CALCULATIONS
WM = b&y + H&
Hp = 2bffimP
H i = (hdh3Hp Ab
H = G2rP14 Wmj = H + Hp+ HC
& = greater of W d % or Wrn&
w = O.Y& + 4)s.
H6v = (hdhg)b&Y
I D d a n temoerature I I f l a w I Boltitla
D L
+ s o =
* B =
-SI=
C =
Gasket Material Self-energizing types: 0 rings,
metallic. elastomer or other gasket lypes considered as self-sealing
Table 2-3
Gasket Materials and Contact Facings'
Gasket Factors (m) for Operating Conditions and Minimum Design Seating Stress (y)
Mln.
Design we
U K Gasket Seating Sketches
Factor Stress and Sketch Column
m Y Notes Refe~ to Table 2-4
0 0
Elastomers without fabric or a high percentage of asbestos fiber:
Below 75A Shore Durometer 75A or higher Shore
Durometer
Asbestos with a suitable binder for the operating wndiiions Elastomers with cotton fabric
insertion
0.50 0 0
1 .00 200
;:z 0
1h thick 2.00
H e thick 2.75
%u thick 3.50 6.500
1.25 Elastomers with asbestos fabric
insertion. with or without wire reinforcement
%ply 2-PlY
2.25 2.200
1 2.50
Vegetable fiber
l-Pb 2.75 3,700 a
1.75 1.100 0
I
Spiral-wound metal. asbestos Carbon 2.50 1o.oO0
filled I Stainless or Monel 1o.oO0
~~~ ~~~ ~~
Corrugated metal. asbestos Soft aluminum inserted or corrugated metal, Soft copper or brass
Iron or SOH steel Monel or 4%-6% chrome Stainless steels Soft aluminum Soft copper or brass Iron or Soft steel Monel or 4%-6% chrome Stainless steels Soft aluminum Iron or soft steel Monel or 4 % 4 % chrome Stainless steels Soft aluminum jacketed asbemos filled
Corrugated metal
Flat metal jacketed asbestos
filled Soft copper or brass
2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25
3.50 6,500
2.75 3,700
3.00 4.500
3.25 5.500
3.50 6,500
3.75 7,600
3.25 5.500 -
3.50 6.500
3.75 3.50
3.75 9,000
3.25 5.500
:::E e!zgp
(la). (Ib).
::= e (IC). (Id).
(2)2
3.75 9.m e
Grwved metal
Soft copper or brass Iron or soft steel Monei or 4%-6% chrome Stainless steels Soft aluminum Soft copper or brass Iron or soft steel Monel or 4%-6% chrome Stainless steels Monel or 4%-6% chrome Stainless steels Sohd flat metal
Rlng lolnt
NOTES:
1. This table gives a list of many commonly used gasket materials and contact facings with suggested design values of m and y that have generally proved satisfactory in actual service when using effective gasket seating width b given in Table 2-4.
The design values and other details given in this table are suggested only and are not mandatory.
2. The surface of a gasket having a lap should not be against the nubbin.
Reprinted by permission from ASME Code Section Vlll Div. 1, Table 2-5.1.
46 Pressure Vessel Design Manual
N
1/64 in. Nubbin ' w'l
(2) A&
7
Table 2-4 Effective Gasket Width
w + N w + 3 N
4 8
-
-~ ~-
Facing Sketch
(Exaggerated) Column I
Basic Gasket Seating Width, bo Column II (1 a) - -
N 2
- N
- 2
. ,
I - N 4 I 3N - 8
Note: The gasket factors listed only apply to flanged joints in which the gasket is contained entirely within the inner edges of the
*Where serrations do not exceed %+in. depth and lk-in. width spacing, sketches (lb) and (Id) shall be used.
Reprinted by permission from ASME Code Section Vlll Div. 1, Table 2-52,
Table of Coefficients
K T Z Y U
1.001 1.91 1.002 1.91 1.003 1.91 1.004 1.91 1.005 1.91 1.006 1.91 1.007 1.91 1.008 1.91 1.009 1.91 1.010 1.91 1.011 1.91 1.012 1.91 1.013 1.91 1.014 1.91 1.015 1.91 1.016 1.90 1.017 1.90 1.018 1.90 1.019 1.90 1.020 1.90 1.021 1.90 1.022 1.90 1.023 1.90 1.024 1.90 1.025 1.90 1.026 1.90 1.027 1.90 1.028 1.90 1.029 1.90 1.030 1.90 1.031 1.90 1.032 1.90 1.033 1.90 1.034 1.90 1.035 1.90 1.036 1.90 1.037 1.90 1.038 1.90
-
1000.50 500.50 333.83 250.50 200.50 167.17 143.36 125.50 111.61 100.50 91.41 83.84 77.43 71.93 67.17 63.00 59.33 56.06 53.14 50.51 48.12 45.96 43.98 42.17 40.51 38.97 37.54 36.22 34.99 33.84 32.76 31.76 30.81 29.92 29.08 28.29 27.54 26.83
1911.16 956.16 637.85 478.71 383.22 31 9.56 274.09 239.95 213.40 192.19 174.83 160.38 148.06 137.69 128.61 120.56 11 1.98 107.36 101.72
96.73 92.21 88.04 84.30 80.81 77.61 74.70 71.97 69.43 67.1 1 64.91 62.85 60.92 59.1 1 57.41 55.80 54.29 52.85 51.50
21 00.18 1050.72 700.93 526.05 421.12 351.16 301.20 263.75 234.42 211.19 192.13 176.25 162.81 151.30 141.33 132.49 124.81 118.00 1 11.78 106.30 101.33 96.75 92.64 88.81 85.29 82.09 79.08 76.30 73.75 71.33 69.06 66.94 64.95 63.08 61.32 59.66 58.08 56.59
__
K T Z Y U
1.046 1.047 1.048 1.049 1.050 1.051 1.052 1.053 1.054 1.055 1.056 1.057 1.058 1.059 1.060 1.061 1.062 1.063 1.064 1.065 1.066 1.067 1.068 1.069 1.070 1.071 1.072 1.073 1.074 1.075 1.076 1.077 1.078 1.079 1.080 1.081 1.082 1.083
1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1 .89 1.89 1 .89 1.89 1.89 1 .89 1 .89 1 .89 1.89 1 .89 1.89 1.89 1 .89 1 .89 1 .89 1 .89 1 .89 1 .89 1 .89 1 .89 1 .89 1 .89 1 .89 1 .89 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.88
22.05 21.79 21.35 20.92 20.51 20.12 19.74 19.38 19.03 18.69 18.38 18.06 17.76 17.47 17.18 16.91 16.64 16.40 16.15 15.90 15.67 15.45 15.22 15.02 14.80 14.61 14.41 14.22 14.04 13.85 13.68 13.56 13.35 13.18 13.02 12.87 12.72 12.57
42.75 41.87 41.02 40.21 39.43 38.68 37.96 37.27 36.60 35.96 35.34 34.74 34.17 33.62 33.04 32.55 32.04 31.55 31.08 30.61 30.1 7 29.74 29.32 28.91 28.51 28.13 27.76 27.39 27.04 26.69 26.36 26.03 25.72 25.40 25.10 24.81 24.52 24.24
46.99 46.03 45.09 44.21 43.34 42.51 41.73 40.96 40.23 39.64 38.84 38.19 37.56 36.95 36.34 35.78 35.21 34.68 34.17 33.65 33.17 32.69 32.22 31.79 31.34 30.92 30.51 30.1 1 29.72 29.34 28.98 28.69 28.27 27.92 27.59 27.27 26.95 26.65
K T Z Y U
1.091 1.88 1.092 1.88 1.093 1.88 1.094 1.88 1.095 1.88 1.096 1.88 1.097 1.88 1.098 1.88 1.099 1.88 1.100 1.88 1.101 1.88 1.102 1.88 1.103 1.88 1.104 1.88 1.105 1.88 1.106 1.88 1.107 1.87 1.108 1.87 1.109 1.87 1.110 1.87 1.111 1.87 1.112 1.87 1.113 1.87 1.114 1.87 1.115 1.87 1.116 1.87 1.117 1.87 1.118 1.87 1.119 1.87 1.120 1.87 1.121 1.87 1.122 1.87 1.123 1.87 1.124 1.87 1.125 1.87 1.126 1.87 1.127 1.87 1.128 1.87
11.52 11.40 11.28 11.16 11.05 10.94 10.83 10.73 10.62 10.52 10.43 10.33 10.23 10.14 10.05 9.96 9.87 9.78 9.70 9.62 9.54 9.46 9.38 9.30 9.22 9.15 9.07 9.00 8.94 8.86 8.79 8.72 8.66 8.59 8.53 8.47 8.40 8.34
22.22 21.99 21.76 21.54 21.32 21.11 20.91 20.71 20.51 20.31 20.15 19.94 19.76 19.58 19.38 19.33 19.07 18.90 18.74 18.55 18.42 18.27 18.13 17.97 17.81 17.68 17.54 17.40 17.27 17.13 17.00 16.87 16.74 16.62 16.49 16.37 16.25 16.14
24.41 24.16 23.91 23.67 23.44 23.20 22.97 22.75 22.39 22.18 22.12 21.92 21.72 21.52 21.30 21.14 20.96 20.77 20.59 20.38 20.25 20.08 19.91 19.75 19.55 19.43 19.27 19.12 18.98 18.80 18.68 18.54 18.40 18.26 18.1 1 17.99 17.86 17.73
K
~
1.136 1.137 1.138 1.139 1.140 1.141 1.142 1.143 1.144 1.145 1.146 1.147 1.148 1.149 1.150 1.151 1.152 1.153 1.154 1.155 1.156 1.157 1.158 1.159 1.160 1.161 1.162 1.163 1.164 1.165 1.166 1.167 1.168 1.169 1.170 1.171 1.172 1.173
T Z
1.86 7.88 1.86 7.83 1.86 7.78 1.86 7.73 1.86 7.68 1.86 7.62 1.86 7.57 1.86 7.53 1.86 7.48 1.86 7.43 1.86 7.38 1.86 7.34 1.86 7.29 1.86 7.25 1.86 7.20 1.86 7.16 1.86 7.11 1.86 7.07 1.86 7.03 1.86 6.99 1.86 6.95 1.86 6.91 1.86 6.87 1.86 6.83 1.86 6.79 1.85 6.75 1.85 6.71 1.85 6.67 1.85 6.64 1.85 6.60 1.85 6.56 1.85 6.53 1.85 6.49 1.85 6.46 1.85 6.42 1.85 6.39 1.85 6.35 1.85 6.32
Y 15.26 15.15 15.05 14.95 14.86 14.76 14.66 14.57 14.48 14.39 14.29 14.20 14.12 14.03 13.95 13.86 13.77 13.69 13.61 13.54 13.45 13.37 13.30 13.22 13.15 13.07 13.00 12.92 12.85 12.78 12.71 12.64 12.58 12.51 12.43 12.38 12.31 12.25
U 16.77 16.65 16.54 16.43 16.35 16.22 16.11 16.01 15.91 15.83 15.71 15.61 15.51 15.42 15.34 15.23 15.14 15.05 14.96 14.87 14.78 14.70 14.61 14.53 14.45 14.36 14.28 14.20 14.12 14.04 13.97 13.89 13.82 13.74 13.66 13.60 13.53 Q
13.46
Table 2-5
Table of Coefficients (Continued)
I< T z Y U
1.182 1.184 1.186 1.188 1.190 1.192 1.194 1.196 1.198 1.200 1.202 1.204 1.206 1.208 1.21 0 1.212 1.214 1.216 1.218 1.220 1.222 1.224 1.226 1.228 1.230 1.232 1.234 1.236 1.238 1.240 1.242 1.244 1.246 1.248 1.250 1.252
1.85 6.04 1.85 5.98 1.85 5.92 1.85 5.86 1.84 5.81 1.84 5.75 1.84 5.70 1.84 5.65 1.84 5.60 1.84 5.55 1.84 5.50 1.84 5.45 1.84 5.40 1.84 5.35 1.84 5.31 1.83 5.27 1.83 5.22 1.83 5.18 1.83 5.14 1.83 5.10 1.83 5.05 1.83 5.01 1.83 4.98 1.83 4.94 1.83 4.90 1.83 4.86 1.83 4.83 1.82 4.79 1.82 4.76 1.82 4.72 1.82 4.69 1.82 4.65 1.82 4.62 1.82 4.59 1.82 4.56 1.82 4.52
11.70 11.58 11.47 11.36 11.26 11.15 11.05 10.95 10.85 10.75 10.65 10.56 10.47 10.38 10.30 10.21 10.12 10.04 9.96 9.89 9.80 9.72 9.65 9.57 9.50 9.43 9.36 9.29 9.22 9.15 9.08 9.02 8.95 8.89 8.83 8.77
12.86 12.73 12.61 12.49 12.37 12.25 12.14 12.03 11.92 11.81 11.71 11.61 11.51 11.41 11.32 11.22 1 1 -12 11.03 10.94 10.87 10.77 10.68 10.60 10.52 10.44 10.36 10.28 10.20 10.13 10.05
9.98 9.91 9.84 9.77 9.70 9.64
K T z Y U
1.278 1.281 1.284 1.287 1.290 1.293 1.296 1.299 1.302 1.305 1.308 1.31 1 1.314 1.317 1.320 1.323 1.326 1.329 1.332 1.335 1.338 1.341 1.344 1.347 1.350 1.354 1.358 1.362 1.366 1.370 1.374 1.378 1.382 1.386 1.390 1.394
1.81 1 .a1 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1 .n
1.77 1.77 1 .77 1.77 1.77 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76
4.16 4.12 4.08 4.05 4.01 3.98 3.94 3.91 3.88 3.84 3.81 3.78 3.75 3.72 3.69 3.67 3.64 3.61 3.58 3.56 3.53 3.51 3.48 3.46 3.43 3.40 3.37 3.34 3.31 3.28 3.25 3.22 3.20 3.17 3.15 3.12
8.05 7.98 7.91 7.84 7.77 7.70 7.63 7.57 7.50 7.44 7.38 7.32 7.26 7.20 7.14 7.09 7.03 6.98 6.92 6.87 6.82 6.77 6.72 6.68 6.63 6.57 6.50 6.44 6.38 6.32 6.27 6.21 6.16 6.1 1 6.06 6.01
8.85 8.77 8.69 8.61 8.53 8.46 8.39 8.31 8.24 8.18 8.1 1 8.05 7.98 7.92 7.85 7.79 7.73 7.67 7.61 7.55 7.50 7.44 7.39 7.33 7.28 7.21 7.14 7.08 7.01 6.95 6.89 6.82 6.77 6.72 6.66 6.60
K T 2 Y U
1.434 1.438 1.442 1.446 1.450 1.454 1.458 1.462 1.466 1.470 1.475 1.480 1.485 1.490 1.495 1.500 1.505 1.510 1.515 1.520 1.525 1.530 1.535 1.540 1.545 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.63 1.64 1.65
1.74 1.74 1.74 1.74 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.68 1.68 1.67 1.67 1.66 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65
2.89 2.87 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.80 2.78 2.76 2.74 2.72 2.70 2.68 2.66 2.64 2.62 2.60 2.58 2.56 2.54 2.53 2.51 2.49 2.47 2.46 2.44 2.43 2.40 2.37 2.34 2.31 2.28 2.26 2.23 2.21 2.18 2.16
5.56 5.52 5.48 5.44 5.40 5.36 5.32 5.28 5.24 5.20 5.16 5.12 5.08 5.04 5.00 4.96 4.92 4.88 4.84 4.80 4.77 4.74 4.70 4.66 4.63 4.60 4.54 4.48 4.42 4.36 4.31 4.25 4.20 4.15 4.10 4.05
6.10 6.05 6.01 5.97 5.93 5.89 5.85 5.80 5.76 5.71 5.66 5.61 5.57 5.53 5.49 5.45 5.41 5.37 5.33 5.29 5.25 5.21 5.17 5.13 5.09 5.05 4.99 4.92 4.86 4.79 4.73 4.67 4.61 4.56 4.50 4.45
1.75 1.76 1.77 1.78 1.79 1.80 1.81 1.82 1.83 1.84 1.85 1.86 1.87 1.88 1.89 1.90 1.91 1.92 1.93 1.94 1.95 1.96 1.97 1.98 1.99 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.04 2.06 2.08 2.10 2.12 2.14 2.16 2.18
'p
K T z Y u $
5
4.00 3
1.60 1.60 1.60 1.59 1.59 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.57 1.57 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.55 1.55 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.52 1.52 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.50 1.50 1.49 1.48 1.48 1.47 1.46 1.46 1.45 1.44
1.97 1.95 1.94 1.92 1.91 1.89 1.88 1.86 1.85 1.84 1.83 1.81 1.80 1.79 1.78 1 .TI 1.75 1.74 1.73 1.72 1.71 1.70 1.69 1.68 1.68 1.67 1.66 1.65 1.63 1.62 1.60 1.59 1.57 1.56 1.55 1.53
3.64 3.61 3.57 3.54 3.51 3.47 3.44 3.41 3.38 3.35 3.33 3.30 3.27 3.24 3.22 3.19 3.17 3.14 3.12 3.09 3.07 3.05 3.03 3.01 2.98 2.96 2.94 2.92 2.88 2.85 2.81 2.78 2.74 2.71 2.67 2.64
~~
3.96 6
3.89 3.85 3.82 2.
3.78 I3
3.75 3.72 $
3.69 El 3.65 3.62 3.59 3.56 3.54 3.51 3.48 3.45 3.43 3.40 3.38 3.35 3.33 3.30 3.28 3.26 3.23 3.21 3.17 3.13 3.09 3.05 3.01 2.97 2.94 2.90 3.93 E
2.40 1.37 2.42 1.36 2.44 1.36 2.46 1.35 2.48 1.35 2.50 1.34 2.53 1.33 2.56 1.32 2.59 1.31 2.62 1.30 2.65 1.30 2.68 1.29 2.71 1.28 2.74 1.27 2.77 1.26 2.80 1.26
1.78 1.76 1.75 1.73 1.71 1.70 1.68 1.67 1.65 1.64 1.62 1.61 1.60 1.59 1.57 1.56 1.42
1.41 1.40 1.40 1.39 1.38 1.37 1.36 1.35 1.34 1.33 1.32 1.31 1.31 1.30 1.29
4.20 0.982 4.25 0.975 4.30 0.968 4.35 0.962 4.40 0.955 4.45 0.948 4.50 0.941 4.55 0.934 4.60 0.928 4.65 0.921 4.70 0.914 4.75 0.908 4.80 0.900 4.85 0.893 4.90 0.887 4.95 0.880 5.00 0.873 2.36 2.59
2.33 2.56 2.31 2.54 2.29 2.52 2.27 2.50 2.25 2.47 2.22 2.44 2.19 2.41 2.17 2.38 2.14 2.35 2.12 2.32 2.09 2.30 2.07 2.27 2.04 2.25 2.02 2.22 2.00 2.20
2.89 1.23 2.92 1.22 2.95 1.22 2.98 1.21 3.02 1.20 3.06 1.19 3.10 1.18 3.14 1.17 3.18 1.16 3.22 1.16 3.26 1.15 3.30 1.14 3.34 1.13 3.38 1.12 3.42 1.11
1.27 1.27 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.23 1.22 1.21 1.21 1.20 1.20 1.19 1.19
1.96 1.94 1.92 1.90 1.88 1.86 1.83 1 .81 1.79 1.77 1.75 1.73 1.71 1.69 1.67 1.66
2.13 2.1 1 2.09 2.07 2.04 2.01 1.99 1.97 1.94 1.92 1.90 1 .88 1.86 1.84 1.82
3.50 3.54 3.58 3.62 3.66 3.70 3.74 3.78 3.82 3.86 3.90 3.94 3.98 4.00 4.05 4.10
1.09 1.08 1.07 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.04 1.03 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.009 1.002 0.996
1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13
1.62 1.61 1.59 1.57 1.56 1.55 1.53 1.52 1.50 1.49 1.48 1.46 1.45 1.45 1.43 1.42
1.12 1.12 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.08 1.08
1.39 1.38 1.36 1.35 1.34 1.33 1.31 1.30 1.29 1.28 1.27 1.26 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.22 1.21
1.53 1.51 1.50 1.48 1.47 1.46 1.44 1.43 1.42 1.41 1.39 1.38 1.37 1.36 1.35 1.34 1.33 Reprinted by permission of Taylor Forge International, Inc.
50 Pressure Vessel Design Manual 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
91 1 9 0
Figure 2-16. Values of V (integral flange factors). (Reprinted by permission from the ASME Code, Section VIII, Div. 1, Figure 2-7.3.)
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
91 / g o
Figure 2-17. Values of F (integral flange factors). (Reprinted by permission from the ASME Code, Section VIII, Div. 1, Figure 2-7.2.)
f
6 5
4 f
3 2.5
2
1.5
1
1 1.5 2 3 4 5
Figure 2-18. Values of f (hub stress correction factor). (Reprinted by permission from the ASME Code, Section VIII, Div. 1, Figure 2-7.6.)
91 / g o
3 0 4.0 5.0
1 .o 1.5 2.0
Sl ‘go
1 I 0.05
I I I
15
10
I I
1 0 ’- 08.
1 50 0 5
0 4 I I 1
-
3 0 4 0 5 0 1 5 2 0
1 0
91 / P o
Figure 2-19. Values of VL (loose hub flange factors). (Reprinted by permission from the ASME Code, Section VIII, Div. 1 , Figure 2-7.5.)
Figure 2-20. Values Of FL (loose hub flange factors). (Reprinted by Permission from the ASME Code, Section VIII, Div. 1, Figure 2-7.4.)
52 Pressure Vessel Design Manual
Table 2-5a
Dimensional Data for Bolts and Flanges Standard Thread 8-Thread Series Bolt Spacing
No. of Root No. of Root Minimum Preferred Radial Edge Dimension Fillet Radius Maximum
Minimum Nut
Bolt Size Threads Area Threads Area Bs Distance R Distance E (across flats) at base of hub 13 0.126
11 0.202 10 0.302 9 0.41 9 8 0.551
7 0.693
7 0.890
6 1.054
6 1.294
5% 1.515
5 1.744
5 2.049
4% 2.300
4% 3.020
4 3.715
4 4.61 8
4 5.621
No. 8 thread series below 1’
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
0.551 0.728 0.929 1.155 1.405 1.680 1.980 2.304 2.652 3.423 4.292 5.259 6.234
13
3 ‘ 15 11 6
3 11 6
3 1 lI8
3 I ’I4
3 I 3i8
3 1 112
3 1 ’14 1 ’18
2118 2 ’i4 23i8 2112
2
23/4 3318 3”18 3‘116
1 13i16 ’4 6
2
Notes
1. The procedures as outlined herein have been taken entirely from Taylor Forge Bulletin No. 502, 7th Edition, entitled “Modern Flange Design.” The forms and tables have been duplicated here for the user’s convenience. The design forms are fast and accurate and are accepted throughout the industry. For addi- tional information regarding flange design, please con- sult this excellent bulletin.
2. Whenever possible, utilize standard flanges. The ASME Code accepts the standard pressure-tempera- ture ratings of ANSI B16.5. For larger diameter flanges use ANSI B16.47.
3 . Flange calculations are done either as “integral” or
“loose.” A third classification, “optional,” refers to flanges which do not fall into either of the foregoing categories and thus can be designed as either integral or loose. Definitions and examples of these categories are:
Integral-Hub and flange are one continuous struc- ture either by manufacture or by full penetration welding. Some examples are:
a. Welding neck flanges.
b. Long weld neck flanges.
c. Ring flanges attached with full penetration welds.
Use design form “Type 1: Weld Neck Flange Design (Integral),” or “Type 3: Ring Flange Design.”
Loose-Neither flange nor pipe has any attachment or is non-integral. It is assumed for purposes of analysis, that the hubs (if used) act independent of the pipe. Examples are:
a. Slip-on flanges.
b. Socket weld flanges.
c. Lap joint flanges.
d. Screwed flanges.
e. Ring flanges attached without full penetration welds.
Use design form “Type 2: Slip-On Flange Design (Loose),” or “Type 3: Ring Flange Design.”
4. Hubs have no minimum limit for h and go, but values of g, < 1.5 t, and h < g, are not recommended. For slip-on flanges as a first trial, use gl = 2 times pipe wall thick- ness.
5. The values of T, Z, Y, and U in Table 2-5 have been computed based on Poisson’s ratio of 0.3.
6. B is the I.D. of the flange and not the pipe I.D. For smalldameter flanges when B is less than 20gl, it is optional for the designer to substitute B1 for B in Code formula for longitudinal hub stress, SH. (See [I, Para.
2-3 of Section VIII, Div 11.)
7. In general, bolts should always be used in multiples of 4. For large-diameter flanges, use many smaller bolts on a tight bolt circle to reduce the flange thickness.
Larger bolts require a large bolt circle, which greatly increases flange thickness.
8. If the bolt holes are slotted to allow for swing-away bolting, substitute the diameter of the circle tangent to the inner edges of the slots for dimension A and follow the appropriate design procedures.
9. Square and oval flanges with circular bores should be treated as “inscribed” circular flanges. Use a bolt circle passing through the center of the outermost bolt holes.
The same applies for noncircular openings; however,
the bolt spacing becomes more critical. The spacing factor can be less than required for circular flanges since the metal available in the corners tends to spread the bolt load and even out the moment.
10. Design flanges to withstand both pressure and external loads, use “equivalent” pressure P, as follows:
16M 4F P - - + - + P
e - nG3 nG2
where M =bending moment, in.-lb F = radial load. Ib
0
MAWP (PSIG)
1000 2000 3000 3500
Notes: 1. For carbon steel flanges only. Material Group 1.1 A-105 or A-350-LF2 with flat ring gasket only.
2. Based on ANSI 816.5.
Figure 2-20a. Pressure-temperature ratings for standard flanges.
Primary Service Pressure
Rating Bolting Number
150 Pound
Nominal Pipe Size
?& 1 1% 1% 2 2% 3 3% 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 Flange
Facing
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 1 2 1 2 1 2 16 16 20 20
300 Pound
Diameter Lengthofstud
Bolts Lengthof Mach. Bolts
400 Pound
% % % % % 5 / 8 5 / 8 5 / 8 5 / 8 5 / 8 % % % ' / 8 ' / 8 1 1 1% 1% 1%
%6"RF 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4 4% 4% 5 5% 5% 6 6%
RTJ ... . . . 3 3 3% 3% 3% 4 4 4 4% 4% 4% 5 5 5% 5% 6% 6% 7%
%6"RF 1% 2 2 2% 2% 2% 3 3 3 3 3% 3% 3% 3% 4 4% 4% 4% 5% 5%
Number Diameter Lengthofstud
Bolts Lengthof Mach. Bolts
Number Diameter Lengthofstud
Bolts
Table 2-5b
Number and Size of Bolts for Flanged Joints
I I
4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 2 1 2 1 6 1 6 2 0 20 24 24 24
% 543 76 5/8 % 5/8 % % % % % % '/8 1 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
%6"RF 2% 2% 3 3 3% 3% 3% 4 4?4 4% 4% 4% 5% 6 6% 6% 7% 7% 8 9
RTJ 3 3% 3% 3% 4 4 4% 4% 5 5 5% 5% 6 6% 7% 7% 8 8% 8% 10
%6''RF 2 2% 2% 2% 3 3 3% 3% 3% 3% 4 4% 4% 5% 5% 6 6% 6% 7 7%
4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 2 1 2 1 6 1 6 2 0 20 24 24 24
% 5 / 8 5 / 8 5 / 8 % 5 / 8 % % ' / 8 '/8 '/8 '/8 1 1 % 1 % 1 1 / 4 1% 1% 1% 1%
% " R F 3 3% 3% 3% 4 4 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 7% 7% 8 8% 8% 9% 10%
RTJ 3 3% 3% 3% 4 4% 4% 5 5% 5% 5% 6 6% 7% 8 8% 8% 9 9% 11
M & F 2% 3 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 5 5 5% 5% 6% 7 7% 7% 8% 8% 9% 10%
T & G
900 Pound
1500 Pound
2500 Pound
16 I 16 I 16 I 16 I 16
56 Pressure Vessel Design Manual
MMAX = Lesser of MI thru M5
1. Calculate the Maximum Allowable Moment