17.1.3.1 In general, the sequence of tests is:
– an ageing test specified in 17.6 (this test applies only to those actions classified as type 1.M or 2.M);
– an overvoltage test of automatic action at accelerated rate specified in 17.7.
– a test of automatic action at accelerated rate specified in 17.8;
– a test of automatic action at slow rate specified in 17.9 (this test applies only to slow-make slow-break automatic actions);
– an overvoltage test of manual action at accelerated speed specified in 17.10.
– a test of manual action at slow speed specified in 17.11;
– a test of manual action at high speed specified in 17.12 (this test applies only to actions with more than one pole, and where polarity reversal occurs during the operation);
– a test of manual action at accelerated speed specified in 17.13.
17.1.3.2 The electrical, thermal and mechanical conditions of test shall in general be those specified in 17.2, 17.3 and 17.4. The general test requirements are given in 17.6 to 17.14 inclusive. The particular test requirements are given in the appropriate part 2.
17.1.3.3 Tests for a manual action forming part of an automatic action are normally specified in the subclause appropriate to the automatic action. If, however, tests are not specified, then 17.10 to 17.13 inclusive apply to such manual actions.
17.1.3.4 After all the tests specified the samples shall meet the requirements of 17.14, unless otherwise specified in the appropriate part 2.
17.1.4 See Annex H.
Electrical conditions for the tests 17.2
17.2.1 Each circuit of the control shall be loaded according to the ratings declared by the manufacturer. Circuits and contacts which are not intended for external loads are operated with the designed load. Some changeover circuits may require testing separately for each part if such a manner has been declared by the manufacturer, particularly if the rating of one part of the changeover circuit depends upon the current carried by the other part.
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NOTE For the test sequence and conditions of non-resettable thermal cut-outs, see 17.16.
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17.2.2
17.2.3 17.2.3.1
17.2.3.2
17.2.4 When there is an earthed neutral system, the enclosure shall be connected through a 3 A cartridge fuse to the protective conductor of the circuit, and for other than an earthed neutral system, the enclosure shall be connected through such a fuse to the live pole least likely to break down to earth.
17.2.5 For type 1.G or 2.G actions, or other off-load actions, auxiliary switches are used to simulate the intended operation during the test.
The electrical loads to be used are those specified in Table 14 at rated voltage VR, with this voltage then being increased to 1,15 VR for the overvoltage test of 17.7 and 17.10.
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Table 14 (17.2.1 of edition 3) – Electrical conditions for the overvoltage test Type of circuitAC circuitDC circuit as classified in 6.2 OperationVAPower factor (±0,05)aVATime constant (±1 ms) Substantially resistive (classified 6.2.1)
Making and breakingVRIR0,95VRIRNon-inductive Resistive or inductive (classified 6.2.2) Making bVR6,0 IX or IR if arithmetically the greater
0,6 0,95VR2,5 IX or IR if arithmetically the greater
7,5 Breaking VRIX or IR if arithmetically the greater
0,95IX or IR if arithmetically the greater
Non-inductive Declared specific load (classified 6.2.3)
Making and breakingVRAs determined by loadVRAs determined by load 20 mA load (classified 6.2.4)Making and breakingVR20 mA0,95VR20 mANon-inductive Declared motor load (classified 6.2.5)
Making and breakingVRAs declaredVRAs declared Pilot duty load (classified 6.2.6)Makingb Breaking VR VR
10 VA/ VR VA/VR
0,35 0,95 aResistors and inductors are not connected in parallel except that if any air-core inductor is used, a resistor taking approximately 1 % of the current through the inductor is connected in parallel with it. Iron-core inductors may be used provided that the current has a substantially sine waveform. For three-phase tests, three-core inductors are used. b The specified making conditions are maintained for a period between 50 ms and 100 ms, and are then reduced by an auxiliary switch to the specified breaking conditions. If during any test to this clause, contact break occurs within 2 s of contact make, the conditions specified for making are also used for breaking. c
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Thermal conditions for the tests 17.3
17.3.1 For parts of the control other than any temperature sensing element, the following shall apply:
– those parts which are accessible when the control is mounted in a declared manner shall be exposed to normal room temperature (see 4.1);
– the mounting surface of the control shall be maintained between Ts max, and either (Ts max+ 5) °C, or 1,05 times Ts max, whichever is greater;
–
17.3.2 During the tests of 17.8 and 17.13, the temperatures of 17.3.1 are applied for the last 50 % of each test. For the first 50 % of each test the switch head is maintained at normal room temperature.
Additional samples will be required if tests have to be performed at both temperatures (Tmax and Tmin).
Manual and mechanical conditions for the tests 17.4
17.4.1 For all manual actions, each cycle of actuation shall consist of a movement of the actuating member such that the control is successively moved into all positions appropriate to that action and then returned to its starting point; except that if a control has more than one intended OFF position, then each manual action shall be a movement from one OFF position to the next OFF position.
17.4.2 The speed of movement of the actuating member shall be:
– for slow speed:
(9 ± 1)° per s for rotary actions;
(5 ± 0,5) mm/s for linear actions;
– for high speed:
the actuating member shall be actuated by hand as fast as possible. If an actuating member is not supplied with a control then a suitable actuating member shall be fitted by the testing authority for the purpose of this test;
– for accelerated speed:
(45 ± 5)° per s for rotary actions;
(25 ± 2,5) mm/s for linear actions.
17.4.3 During the slow speed test of 17.4.2:
care is taken that the test apparatus drives the actuating member positively, without significant backlash between the apparatus and the actuating member.
17.4.4 During the accelerated speed test of 17.4.2:
– care is taken to determine that the test apparatus allows the actuating member to operate freely, so that it does not interfere with the normal action of the mechanism;
– for controls where the movement of the actuating member is limited:
If Tmin is less than 0 °C, the following additional tests shall be carried out with the switch head maintained between Tmin and (Tmin – 5) ° C:
− Controls with Type 1 action – Clauses 16 and 17;
− Controls with Type 2 action – Clauses 15, 16 and 17.
Three additional samples required.
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Additional samples will be required if tests have to be performed at both temperatures (Tmax and Tmin).
torque shall be either five times the normal actuating torque, or 1,0 Nm, whichever is the smaller, but with a minimum of 0,2 Nm. The force shall be either five times the normal actuating force, or 45 N, whichever is the smaller, but with a minimum of 9 N. If the normal actuating torque exceeds 1,0 Nm, or the normal actuating force exceeds 45 N, then the torque or force applied shall be the same as the normal actuating torque or force;
– for controls designed for a rotary actuation where the movement is not limited in either direction, three quarters of the number of cycles of actuation in each test shall be made in a clockwise direction, and one quarter in an anti-clockwise direction.
– for controls which are designed for actuation in one direction only, the test shall be in the designed direction, provided that it is not possible to rotate the actuating member in the reverse direction using the torques specified above.
17.4.5 Additional lubrication shall not be applied during these tests.
Dielectric strength requirements 17.5
17.5.1 After all the tests of this clause, the requirements of 13.2 shall apply, with the exception that the samples are not subjected to the humidity treatment before the application of the test voltage. The test voltages shall be 75 % of the corresponding test voltages shown in 13.2.
Ageing test 17.6
17.6.1 During this test, the sensing element shall be maintained at that value of the activating quantity determined and used in Clause 14. Other parts shall be maintained as specified in 17.3. Controls are electrically loaded as specified in 17.2 for the appropriate breaking condition. The duration of the test is (100 + 0,02 y) h where "y" is the value declared in 7.2. The test applies to controls with actions classified as type 1.M or 2.M.
17.6.2 If during this test, the action being tested operates, the value of the activating quantity is increased or decreased to cause reverse operation and then returned to a value differing by a quantity "x" from the original to enable the test to be resumed. This procedure may be repeated as many times as is necessary to complete the test, or until, when repeating the appropriate procedure of Clause 15, the drift limits declared in 7.2 are exceeded. The value of "x" is given in the appropriate part 2.
Overvoltage test
17.7 of automatic action at accelerated rate
17.7.1 The electrical conditions shall be those specified for overvoltage in 17.2.
17.7.2 The thermal conditions shall be those specified in 17.3.
17.7.3 The method and rate of operation is:
– for type 1 actions, the rate of operation and the method of operation shall be agreed between the testing authority and the manufacturer;
– for type 2 actions, the method of operation shall be that intended by design. For type 2 sensing actions the rate of operation can be increased, either to the maximum cycling rate declared in Table 1, or so that the rates of change of activating quantity do not exceed α2 and β2 declared in the same subclause.
NOTE 1 Examples of such methods are the replacement of the capillary of a hydraulic system with an air pressure device or the fitting of a prime mover of a different speed.
• a torque (for rotary controls), or a force (for non-rotary controls) shall be applied at the extreme of each movement to verify the strength of the limiting end stops. The
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• there shall be a dwell period of not less than 2 s at each reversal of direction;
– Type 2 controls are tested at the most unfavourable operating value declared in Table 1, requirement 48.
NOTE 2 For temperature and pressure operated controls, this is normally the maximum value.
17.7.4 For type 2 sensing actions, overshoot at each operation shall be between the values declared in 7.2.
17.7.5 It is permissible in the case of sensing actions to increase the rates of change of activating quantity, or for other type 1 actions to override the prime mover between operations, provided that this does not significantly affect the results.
17.7.6 The number of automatic cycles for the test is either one tenth of the number declared in 7.2, or 200, whichever is the smaller.
17.7.7 During the test, actuating members are placed in their most unfavourable position.
Test of automatic action at accelerated rate 17.8
17.8.1 The electrical conditions shall be those specified in 17.2.
17.8.2 The thermal conditions shall be those specified in 17.3.
17.8.3 The method and rate of operation shall be as used during the test of 17.7.3.
17.8.4 The number of automatic cycles (except as shown below for slow-make slow-break automatic actions) shall be that declared in 7.2 less the number of cycles actually made during the test of 17.7. During the test, actuating members shall be placed in their most unfavourable position. During the test, the failure of any component part of a type 1 action which is not significant according to the requirements of the test, and which is considered to have failed as a result of the acceleration of the test, shall not be a cause of rejection, provided that it can be repaired or replaced, or that the test can be continued in an agreed alternative manner, such that the total number of automatic cycles referred to in 7.2 can be completed.
17.8.4.1 For slow-make slow-break automatic actions, only 75 % of the number of automatic cycles referred to in 17.8.4 shall be carried out during this test. The remaining 25 % are carried out as specified in 17.9.
Test of automatic action at slow rate 17.9
17.9.1 Slow-make slow-break automatic actions shall be tested for the 25 % remainder of the number of automatic cycles specified in 17.8.
17.9.2 The electrical and thermal conditions shall be as specified in 17.2 and 17.3.
17.9.3 The method of operation is either by imposing a change of value of activating quantity on the sensing element, or by the prime mover. For sensing controls, the rates of change of activating quantity shall be α1 and β1 as declared in 7.2. It is permissible, in the case of a sensing control to increase the rates of change of activating quantity, or for other automatic controls to override the prime mover, between operations, provided that this does not significantly affect the results. For sensing controls, overshoot at each operation shall be between the values declared in 7.2. During this test for a type 2 action, continuous monitoring is essential to provide a record of operating value, overshoots or operating sequences.
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17.9.3.1 Such monitoring is also recommended for other controls to determine consistency of testing.
17.9.4 If only the make or the break is a slow automatic action, then it may, by agreement between the testing authority and the manufacturer, be possible to accelerate the rest of the action, to which the details of 17.8 apply.
Overvoltage test
17.10 of manual action at accelerated speed
17.10.1 The electrical conditions shall be those specified for overvoltage in 17.2.
17.10.2 The thermal conditions shall be those specified in 17.3.
17.10.3 The method of operation shall be that specified in 17.4 for accelerated speed. The number of cycles of actuation shall be either one tenth of the number declared in 7.2 or 100, whichever is smaller. During the test, sensing elements are maintained at suitable values of activating quantity, and prime movers are so positioned as to ensure that actuation causes the appropriate operation.
Test of manual action at slow speed 17.11
17.11.1 The electrical conditions shall be those specified in 17.2.
17.11.2 The thermal conditions shall be those specified in 17.3.
17.11.3 The method of operation shall be that specified in 17.4 for slow speed.
17.11.4 The number of cycles of actuations shall be either one tenth of the number declared in 7.2 or 100, whichever is smaller. During the test, sensing elements are maintained at suitable values of activating quantity, and prime movers are so positioned, to ensure that actuation causes the appropriate operation.
Test of manual action at high speed 17.12
NOTE This test applies only to actions which have more than one pole, and where polarity reversal occurs during the action.
17.12.1 The electrical conditions are those specified in 17.2.
17.12.2 The thermal conditions are those specified in 17.3.
17.12.3 The method of operation is that specified in 17.4 for high speed.
17.12.4 The number of cycles of actuation is 100. During the tests, sensing elements are maintained at suitable values of activating quantity, and prime movers are so positioned as to ensure that actuation causes the appropriate operation.
Test of manual action at accelerated speed
17.13
17.13.1 The electrical conditions are those specified in 17.2.
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17.13.2 The thermal conditions are those specified in 17.3.
17.13.3 The method of operation is that specified in 17.4 for accelerated speed.
17.13.4 The number of cycles of actuation is that number declared in 7.2 less the number actually made during the tests of 17.10, 17.11 and 17.12. During the test, sensing elements are maintained at a suitable value of activating quantity, and prime movers are so positioned as to ensure that actuation causes the appropriate operation.
17.13.5 During the test, the failure of any component part of a type 1 action other than a protective control which is not significant according to the requirements of the test, shall not be a cause of rejection providing that it can be repaired or replaced, or that the test can be continued in an agreed alternative manner such that the total required number of cycles of actuation can be completed.
Evaluation of compliance 17.14
After all the appropriate tests of 17.6 to 17.13 inclusive, modified as specified in the appropriate part 2, the control shall be deemed to comply if:
– all actions function automatically and manually in the intended and declared manner within the meaning of this standard;
– the requirements of Clause 14 with regard to those items designated by Footnote a of Table 13, that is, terminals, current-carrying parts and supporting surfaces, are still met;
– the requirements of Clause 8, 17.5 and Clause 20 are still met. For the tests of 17.5 and Clause 20, controls for which special samples were submitted for Clause 13, are tested at an appropriate condition to ensure that the contacts are open;
– for type 2 actions, the appropriate test of Clause 15 is repeated and the operating value, operating time or operating sequence shall still be within the value of drift, or within the values of combined drift and manufacturing deviation, whichever was declared;
– the circuit disconnection declared for each manual action can still be obtained;
– there is no evidence that any transient fault between live parts and earthed metal, accessible metal parts or actuating members has occurred.
See also Annex H.
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Test for particular purpose controls 17.16
The tests for particular purpose controls are specified in the appropriate Part 2s.
17.17 to 17.18 See Annex J.
18 Mechanical strength General requirements 18.1
18.1.1 Controls shall be so constructed as to withstand the mechanical stress that occurs in normal use.
18.1.2 Actuating members of class I controls and class II control, and actuating members of controls for class I and class II equipment, shall either have adequate mechanical strength or be such that adequate protection against electric shock is maintained if the actuating member is broken.
18.1.3 Integrated controls and incorporated controls are not tested as in 18.2 as their impact resistance will be tested by the equipment standard.
18.1.4 Compliance is checked by the tests of the appropriate Subclauses 18.2 to 18.8 inclusive, carried out sequentially on one sample.
18.1.5 After the appropriate tests, the control shall show no damage to impair compliance with this standard and in particular with Clauses 8, 13, and 20. Insulating linings, barriers and the like shall not have worked loose.
It shall still be possible to remove and to replace detachable and other external parts such as covers without such parts or their insulating linings breaking.
It shall still be possible to actuate a control to any position which is intended to provide full disconnection and micro-disconnection.
In case of doubt, supplementary insulation or reinforced insulation is subject to an electric strength test as specified in Clause 13.
Damage to the finish, small dents which do not reduce creepage distances or clearances below the values specified in Clause 20, and small chips which do not adversely affect the protection against electric shock or moisture are neglected. Cracks not visible to the naked eye, and surface cracks in fibre reinforced mouldings and the like are ignored. If a decorative cover is backed by an inner cover, fracture of the decorative cover is neglected, if the inner cover withstands the test after removal of the decorative cover.
18.1.6 In Canada and the USA, if threads for the connection of metal conduit are tapped all the way through a hole in an enclosure wall or if an equivalent construction is employed, there shall not be any sharp edges, not less than three nor more than five full threads in the metal and the construction of the device shall be such that a suitable conduit bushing can be properly attached.
Impact resistance 18.2
18.2.1 In-line cord, free-standing and independently mounted controls
are checked by applying blows to the sample by means of the apparatus in IEC 60068-2-75.
18.2.2 All surfaces which are accessible when the control is mounted as in normal use are tested with the apparatus.
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18.2.3 The control is held in contact with a vertical sheet of plywood 8 mm thick and 175 mm square without any metallic back plate, the plywood being mounted on a rigid frame which is fixed to a solid wall of brick, concrete or the like.
18.2.4 Blows are applied to all accessible surfaces, including actuating members, at any angle, the test apparatus being calibrated to deliver an energy of (0,5 ± 0,04) Nm.
18.2.4.1 Foot actuated controls shall be subject to the same test, but using a test apparatus calibrated to deliver an energy of (1,0 ± 0,05) Nm.
18.2.5 For all such surfaces, three blows are applied to every point that is likely to be weak.
18.2.5.1 Care must be taken that the results from one series of three blows does not influence subsequent series.