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SCIENTISTS MAKE SWEET DISCOVERY!

3. When you have reached a compromise and you know how you are going jj USEFUL LANGUAGE

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Sports Unit

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1 Warm up

\ a In groups, discuss the Olympic Games.

TN Í 1 When were the last Olympic Games? Where

were they held?

\ 2 What do the images on these pages tell you about the Olympic Gam

II 3 What are the main objectives of the Olympics?

\ Are they usually achieved?

b Read these statements about the Olympics and

\ decide whether you agree with them or not. Share

` your views with your group.

` 1 Keeping politics out of the Olympic Games is

essential.

2 Countries at war should stop fighting during the Olympic Games.

3. The Olympics shouldn't only be held in rich countries.

| believe there's nothing wrong

with the Olympics as they are run today. If something works, we should leave it alone.

Although there are problems, they are beyond the

esponsibility of the Olympic committee. However, | believe countries at war should be banned from

competing, or at least we should insist on a ceasefire.

We are applying to host the

games next time so that we can boost

‘our economy and provide more jobs for our citizens. We could be given an opportunity to

improve all kinds of services. As a small country, we should be given a

chance to develop, too.

panes

Sve Amaus,

‘As an athlete, | think the Olympics are an opportunity to prove ourselves on the world stage and to become better known. In spite of the ideals of bringing peace and friendship,

itis about competition and making living.

The games should have nothing to do with politics; the games exist to encourage the highest standards both on and off the field. Breaking world records is

important, but providing excitement is the main

purpose of the

the Games are a media event:

they are all about entertainment. The Games should be spectacular — and the system of having the Olympics in a

different country every four years is good because it

4 The current system, with countries taking

turns organizing the Olympics, is fairest.

5. The Olympics should be about athletes competing with each other.

6 There is too much commercialism in the Olympics these days.

7 The Olympics should be all about

entertainment; they should be a good show.

8 The Olympics should be abandoned these days

as they attract terrorists.

9 Bringing nations together in friendship should

be the only aim of the Olympics.

Task

You are going to debate the role of the Olympics (today and in the future). First, read the following quotes and decide which of the views in Exercise 1b each speaker holds. (They

one of the views.)

ay hold more than

In the old days, the games had nothing to do with big.

business or with entertainment for its

‘own sake. Nevertheless, we athletes were justly proud of our physical and mental fitness. Sadly, the spirit of the

& \ games is dead - they must be given

% back to Greece where they

began.

aun, “Ete and goạq meda v4!”

In my opinion,

increases interest.

Marin Novak, TV producet

The world is in crisis, with wars and

aggression all around. The Games are a

‘symbol of international cooperation and we have to

‘work with all nations to make them work, despite

ur feelings towards countries we perceive as aggressors.

Hanoko wyazak, United Ne\9°5c8)

3 Prepare

In groups of four or five, choose one ửf the statoi 1 ~4 below about the future of the Olympics, then follow the steps a ~c to have a short debate.

1 The Games should be restricted to countries that are democracies, peaceful, and with good human rights records.

2. The Olympics should always be held in the wealthiest countries as poorer countries find it

very difficult to raise the money to host them. Let

the wealthy countries pay for the Games!

3 Athletes should be paid to enter the Games, then

all the best athletes would enter

4 There should be no commercialism associated

with the Games — no advertising, no

merchandising, etc,

a Form a committee to discuss the statement: each student chooses a different rc

athlete, TV producer, etc

o from Exercise 2:

b Make notes on the arguments you will present to

the other members of the committee. Use the quotes and the statements in Exercises 1 and 2 for ideas

Ladies and gentlemen. We have discussed the statement ... [Read the statement you chose.], and

after some consideration, we have come to the following conclusions. First

Feedback

Report back to the rest of the class on your proposals. Listen to the other groups and make

notes. Do you agree with their proposals?

Why? / Why not?

5 Compare

@ a Listen to a committee discussing one of the

statements in Exercise 3. Which one? Which of the speakers from the quotes in Exercise 2 do you hear?

b Listen again and make notes on the following

1 How does the chairperson introduce the topic

for discussion?

2 How does he select the speakers?

3. How do the second and third speakers

their speeches? start

4 How do they finish their speech in each c

5 How does the chairperson ask for opinions at

the end?

6 Notice

Look at this example from the debate:

I think we should be paid to compete

When we are del

often use the passive voice with a modal verb: ating or having a discussion, we 1 to avoid making the debate too personal 2 to avoid accepting responsibility for everything

we say

3 when we don’t know who takes responsibility for

an action.

Find other examples of the modal passive in this lesson in Exercise 1b and Exercise 2.

Follow up

In groups, decide whether you agree or disagree with the statement below. Then share your ideas with the

class. Did most of the groups agree or disagree?

Our country should be chosen to host the Olympics in the near future.

Unit.

Grammar Summary

1 Noun clauses

(beginning with a question word)

A noun clause can be the object of a sentence:

| don’t know what he is doing.

I's amazing how clever she is.

We really can't figure out why Susanna left Michael.

“The noun clause can also be a subject and come at the beginning of the sentence. We often use them in this position

when we want to emphasize them.

How you live your life is none of my business.

What we need is more government support for our enterprises.

Where Philip goes every evening remains a mystery to me.

2 Expressing purpose

We can express purpose with connectors that are followed by an infinitive or by a subordinate clause.

"Connector Followed by Example

to infinitive ‘We went out for dinner to

‘celebrate Mary's birthday,

The government has, increased wages in order to gain popularity before

the election,

She confessed her crime so

‘as to get a lighter sentence.

1 gọt up early so (that) |

‘wouldn't miss the plane.

1'm calling you now so (that)

1 ‘you don't forget the party.

‘The connectors in order to and so as to are more formal than to + infinitive or so that + clause.

Itis possible to make so as fo negative by putting not before fo:

The police put the witness in a safe house so as not to,

‘expose him to danger, inorder to

s0.as to

‘so (that) clause

3 Verb + verb constructions

Many verbs in English can be followed by other verbs, and prepositions can also be followed by verbs. These verbs take:

‘a number of forms:

to + verb

This form follows a number of verbs, often verbs that involve wants and desires:

I want to spend our vacation in Florida this year.

We prefer to watch movies at the movie theater.

We can also use verb + to after some verbs of liking:

Karl likes to go dancing on Friday evenings.

‘Simple verb

This forms follows modal verbss, and make and let:

We should pay our phone bill as soon as possible.

They made me clean the whole house every day.

It also follows the phrase /'d rather (without an object):

I'd rather watch auto racing on TV than go to the track.

Sports

| |

~ing verb

This forms follows prepositions:

You can leam a lot from looking at people's garbage.

It also follows a number of verbs, including most verbs of liking:

Jason suggested joining the sports club in the center.

| don't enjoy going under the water when I'm swimming.

‘Some verbs can be followed by either the ~ing vert or verb + fo:

Gary hates to meet / meeting new people.

I've started to learn / learning Japanese.

‘Complete these sentence stems about yourself. Use a verb form in each one. Compare your sentences with a

partner.

Work: | want ..

‘Abig decision: When | decided ...

Hobbies / Free time: I'm interested in ...

‘Abig change: When | started ...

Going out: | enjoy . My pet peeve: | hate ...

Making mysetf better: | should.

Noanens

Vocabulary Summary

1 Sports: track and field

Verb Sport Person

swim swimming swimmer

do the long-jump ‘the long jump ——_ long jumper do the high jump the high jump highjumper

‘sprint sprinting ‘sprinter

dive diving diver

‘throw the javelin the javelin Javelin thrower Answer these questions.

1 Doyou play / have you ever played any of these sports?

2. If not, which would you like to try and why?

8. Which of the above sports, if any, do you find boring, and why?

2 Parts of the body

Label the parts

of the body using the words

in the box.

abdomen ankle armpit elbow

fingers. foot

hand head

heel hip knee shin shoulders

thigh. tee6-

waist wrist

ý ii

A short report “IKI Review.

DEVELOP YOUR WRITING

. - Review your action plan: using your dictionary

1 Thinking about the topic of your report {n pairs, talk about your action plan for Unit 7. Tell your

‘a Work in small groups. You are going to write ppartner which words, collocation, idioms, or phrasal verbs

a report for a Web site about sports in your you looked up in your dictionary and what information you

‘country. The report is The most popular team learned about them.

sports in my country. Before you start, 1 came across ‘to give someone black eye” when | was

discuss these questions. reading. | thought "Black isn’t right! We don't say that.” So |

1. Which are the most popular sports in your ‘checked it out in the dfictionary, and in English you do say “a

‘country? black eye”. interesting!

2 Which people lke these sports?

3 When are the games played? 3

4 Where do people watch the games? nh 4 8E)

a__ In small groups, brainstorm and make notes on the three

'b Do you know the most popular team sports in the U.S.? Put these sports in order, with most popular team sports in your country. Use the key ices WOES? I bale vou:

oes eee on b In pairs, decide how to order the information and write a Basketball Football Baseball draft of the two most popular sports.

a eal Ngee ee ecee: hị d- When you have finished, exchange your work with your

‘a Read the three brief reports and check your partner. Try to help your partner by making suggestions

answers to Exercise 1b. to improve the writing. Comment on these areas.

b The reports all deal with the same topics: 1 Structure: are ideas in the report logically ordered?

ens, tickets, populerity, whet the games ap; 2 Interest: do the ideas and range of language make this

played, and where they are watched. Can liodtlxae-tto Eotese7?

you find any patterns in the order of these

topics in the reports? 3. Accuracy: is the language Kinh used? For

words or phrases that may help you write

your report on sports in your country. @ Make final corrections to your reports and then read them to each other in small groups. Are the reports good enough to go up on a Web site?

In pairs, compare the language you have underiined.

There is no doubt that football is the most popular sport in the United States. Fans usually tend to be male. However, the sport is also very popular with women, too. Due to its popularity, itis often difficult to get tickets for National Football League (NFL) games as they are generally sold out before the season begins.

spectators don't go to the game at the stadium, they watch live

or recorded games in a local bar or at a friend’s house.

{ Baseball is the second most popular sport in the USA and as is the case with football, fans are predominantly men although some women are also passionate about the sport. Unlike football, games take place on weekday evenings or afternoons between early spring and late fall. Teams in Major League Baseball (MLB) play 81 games in an average season. Tickets to baseball games tend to be much cheaper and easier to get than those for football and basketball games. For those who cannot make it to their team’s stadium, baseball is regularly shown on TV.

Basketball games are also extremely popular in the U.S. So popular in fact, that National Basketball Association (NBA) games in many cities are sold out in advance, so it may be difficult to get tickets. The basketball season is much shorter than baseball’s with NBA teams playing 41 games in a normal season. Fans are attracted from all walks of life and as is the case with both baseball and football, the majority of fans are men. Nevertheless, there are ten Women's National Basketball Association teams (WNBA) in the U.S. Many people follow their favorite NBA team by watching their games on TV.

alt Your action plan: writing a short report

Write a short report, You can either use your notes to write about the third most popular sport in your

‘country or you can write about another team sport in your country.

‘Note: you will need to show your final written report to your classmates at the end of Unit 9.

Sports

1 Speaking sk

Which of the images of beauty on this page do you find the most/least beautiful? In pairs, compare your ideas, giving reasons for your choice

a You are going to listen to part of a presentation about the media and personal image. In pairs, try to complete the presenter’s notes using the numbers in the box.

5 15 15 44 80 50 90 8,000 |

Women's omage and the media in. the USA

Survey conducted mith | —— women.

* 2 % depressed. when read women's mags

* 3 2 ppp. tink they have weight probs

* 4 % childven have been on diet

* 5 % children with anorexia

(® b_ Now listen and check your answers.

Bc Listen again and complete the rest of the notes.

But must be said, man 27/255

In pairs, discuss these questions.

1 Do children and adults have “ problems” in your country?

2 Ifso, what are the main reasons for this?

3. How much do you spend on clothes, cosmetics, and diet products? Is this average for your country?

4 Do you pay attention to the images of beauty

eight

3 Vocabulary: your image and health b Compare these two pairs of sentences.

a_An obsession with beauty is often a risk to one’s 1a Young girls, who often feel unhappy with

health. The table lists some possible health their image, shouldn't read these magazines.

problems. Are any of these problems not related to 1b Young girls who feel unhappy with their

beauty or image? image shouldn’t read these magazines.

2a Women’s magazines, which promote the perfect image, are part of the problem.

2b Women’s magazines that promote the perfect image are part of the problem.

1 Which one in each pair contains a non- defining relative clause?

2 Which sentence in each pair describes a particular group of girls/magazines? Which describes all girls/magazines?

3° Can we replace the relative pronoun with

that in defining or non-defining relatives?

When you have reached a compromise and you know how you are going jj USEFUL LANGUAGE

THE STATE OF MARRIAGE TODAY