Analytical Efficiency and Costs - Api publ 4714 20- 123docz.net

There are three basic components of costs for PAH analytical work: analyses, quality assurance, and interpretation. If the final product is a table of quality assured data, then only the first two components come into play. If the data are to be used

Table 6-2. Recommended Detection Limits for PAHs in Environmental Samples

Medium

Method 8270 (EPA SW-846) Estimated Quantitation Limits

Modified Method 8270 Lower Detection Limits Individual PAHs or Isomer Groups

Water 10 àg/L 0.010 àg/L

Sediment/Soils 660 àg/kg (wet weight) 1 àg/kg (dry weight)

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for risk assessment or forensics (i.e., source identification) then interpretation must be considered. To avoid duplication of effort the questions to be answered by the analytical data should be finalized before sampling or analyses are begun. It makes little sense to acquire data on the 16-PP PAHs for purposes of characterization and then decide that source identification is one of the questions to be addressed. Lack of connecting two such data uses may result in resampling, reanalysis, or both. Also, very often, determining PAHs is only one of the analytical goals for a set of samples, so the nature of the other targets (e.g., PCBs, other semivolatile compounds) should be determined during the planning phase. Cost ranges for PAH analyses are shown in Table 6-3.

Table 6-3. Approximate Costs for High Quality PAH Analyses Performed by Experienced Laboratories Analytical Requirement

Cost Range*

$US/sample 16 Priority Pollutant PAHs in:

water (high detection limits) 150-250

soil/sediment or plant/animal tissues (high detection limits) 250-350

oils, coals, products 250-350

Extended PAH Targets (including 16-PP PAHs) in:

water (low detection limits) 350-450

soil/sediment or plant/animal tissues (low detection limits) 400-650

oils, coals, products 400-650

*Based on batches of 10-15 samples; single samples may cost more. Analyses for liti- gation uses may be higher. Costs depend on the difficulty of the matrix (e.g., a high fat matrix may be higher cost).

Figure 6-2. Schematic of Top-Level PAH Fingerprinting and Allocation Approach

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

BIOGENIC PETROGENIC PYROGENIC

,,,,

C0N C1N C2N C3N C4N ACEY ACE B1P C0F C1F C2F C3F C0A C0P C1P/A C2P/A C3P/A C4P/A C0D C1D C2D C3D C4D FLANT PYR C1F/P C2F/P C3F/P BAA C0C C1C C2C C3C C4C BBF BJF/BKF BEP BAP PER INDENO DAH BGP

,,,

PYROGENIC/PETROGENIC PAH ALLOCATION

mg/kg

PAH Compound Environmental Sample Alkylated PAH Target List

PAH Analyses

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APPENDIX A—STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF THE 16 PRIORITY POLLUTANT PAHS

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26 API PUBLICATION 4714

Figure A-1. Structures of the 16 Priority Pollutant PAHs

acenaphthene

acenaphthylene naphthalene

phenanthrene

fluoranthene fluorene

chrysene*

pyrene

benzo[a]pyrene*

benzo[a]anthracene*

benzo[b]fluoranthene*

benzo[k]fluoranthene*

indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene*

benzo[ghi]perylene dibenz[a,h]anthracene*

anthracene

*Classified as carcinogenic by the U.S. EPA

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Table A-1. Physico-chemical Properties of Selected PAHs

PAH Formula

Molecular Weight

Density*, g/cm3

Freezing Pt., °C

Boiling Pt., °C

Vapor Pressure,

mm Hg

@ 20-25 °C

Aqueous Solubility,

mg/l

Log Kow

Log Koc

Henry’s Law Constant, atm-m3/mol

Naphthalene C10H8 128.2 1.025320 80 209 0.023 3.17E+01 3.3 2.97 1.40E-03

Acenaphthene C12H10 154.21 1.2250 95 96.2 4.47E-03 1.93E+00 3.98 3.66 7.91E-05 Acenaphthylene C12H8 152.2 0.898716 92.5 280 0.029 3.93E+00 4.07 1.4 1.45E-03 Fluorene C13H10 166.2 1.2030 114.8 295 3.20E-04 1.98E+00 4.18 3.86 1.00E-04 Anthracene C14H10 178.2 1.2825 215 340 1.70E-05 7.60E-02 4.45 4.15 1.77E-05 Phenanthrene C14H10 178.2 0.9804 100 340 6.80E-04 1.20E+00 4.45 4.15 2.56E-05

Pyrene C16H10 202.3 1.27123 156 393 2.50E-06 7.70E-02 4.88 4.58 1.14E-05

Fluoranthene C16H10 202.3 1.2520 11 375 5.00E-06 2.60E-01 4.9 4.58 6.50E-06

Chrysene C18H12 228.3 1.27120 255 448 1.50E-08 2.80E-03 5.16 5.3 1.05E-06

Benz[a]anthracene C18H12 228.3 1.27420 159 400 2.20E-08 1.00E-02 5.61 5.3 1.10E-06

Perylene C20H12 252.3 1.3525 274 350-400 4.00E-04 6.25 3.00E-03

Benzo[a]pyrene C20H12 252.3 1.35120 179 311 5.60E-09 2.30E-03 6.06 6.74 4.90E-07 Benzo[b]fluoranthene C20H12 252.3 168.3 5.00E-07 1.20E-03 6.04 5.74 1.22E-05

Benzo[j]fluoranthene C20H12 252.3 166 1.50E-08 6.76E-03 6.12 4.7 1.00E-06

Benzo[k]fluoranthene C20H12 252.3 215.7 480 9.59E-11 7.60E-04 6.06 5.74 3.87E-05 Indeno[1,2,3-

cd]pyrene

C22H12 276.3 163.6 530 1.00E-10 6.20E-02 6.58 6.2 6.95E-08

Benzo[ghi]perylene C22H12 276.3 273 550 1.03E-10 2.60E-04 6.5 6.2 1.44E-07

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene C22H14 278.4 1.282 262 1.00E-10 5.00E-04 6.84 6.52 7.30E-08

*Superscript denotes temperature, °C, of density measurement.

Source: CRC (1996), ATSDR (1995)

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28 API PUBLICATION 4714

References

WEB SITES WITH INFORMATION RELATED TO PAHS Oil Composition Data:

http://www.etcentre.org/main/e/db/db.html http://www.aehs.com

Property Data:

http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov

http://chrom.tutms.tut.ac.jp in “Academic Research”

Human Health Effects:

http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov

Ecological Effects:

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/risk/tooleco.htm

http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/cpr/sediment/squirt/squirt.html http://www.esd.ornl.gov/programs.ecorisk/ecorisk.html

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