shop around pay off interest rate
down payment be turned down be approved
Why do people take out loans?
bills school
to buy a to buy a car
to fi x a
vacation a wedding
to start a business
UNIT 2 T-20
LESSON 2 DISCUSS TAKING OUT A LOAN
Choose a warm-up activity from the Warm-Up Activity Bank on page xxii.
• Read the lesson title. Ask, What is a loan? (something that is borrowed) To check comprehension, ask, Have you ever borrowed something from someone? What was it? Did you return it? Have you ever loaned anyone something? What was it? Did they return it? Say, The word loan often refers to borrowing money that the
person has to pay back. They have to pay interest on the loan. That means they pay back more than they borrowed.
• Read the social media message aloud. Ask, Do you think Pablo will have to get a loan to pay for the car?
Have you ever taken a loan to buy a car?
1 VOCABULARY
• Ask Ss to close their books. Show images of the pictures in 1A. Say, These images represent reasons people might take out a loan. Have Ss guess what each image represents. Then, have Ss open their books and look at the images and captions in 1A. Ask, Did you guess correctly?
• Tell Ss to listen to the pronunciation of the different reasons as you read them aloud.
• Pair Ss to answer the question posed in the instructions before having them share their answers with the whole class.
• Take a class poll to see which reason Ss found the most surprising.
EXTENSION Ask Ss to work with a partner to think of one other reason people might take out a loan. List them on the board.
CULTURE NOTE Another type of loan that is growing in popularity is the microloan. A microloan is a very small loan that people take for only a short time.
Microloans usually have a low interest rate. Microcredit is also growing in popularity. Microcredit is a small loan that is made to people who live in impoverished areas. Microcredit is designed to help people who cannot get a regular loan. The concept was started by Muhammad Yunus. He founded Grameen Bank in Bangladesh that funded poor people so they could start a business and get out of poverty.
• Say, There are words and phrases commonly associated with loans. Some are nouns and some are verbs.
• Play the audio.
• Replay the audio. This time, remind Ss to listen and repeat.
LANGUAGE NOTE Several of the verbs in the verb list are phrasal verbs. A phrasal verb is a verb that consists of a verb combined with an adverb or a preposition.
For example, take + out is the base form of the verb with an adverb. When the words are combined, the verb phrase has its own meaning that is different from what the words mean when they stand alone.
• Ask Ss to listen to the conversations. Say, Each conversation is about loans. Play the audio and tell Ss to list the loan language from 1B that each conversation is about.
• Have Ss compare their answers with a partner.
• Play the audio a second time if appropriate.
• Go over the answers with the whole class.
TEACHING TIP Play the audio twice before pairing Ss to compare answers. This will help lower-level Ss determine the correct answer and allow higher-level Ss to check their answers before discussing them with a partner. You can also play the audio after going over the answers with the whole class so Ss can understand what they got right and wrong.
2 GRAMMAR
• Ask Ss to close their books. To introduce the grammar, write on the board: I could have gotten a higher score on the test if I had studied more the night before.
• Ask, Can this student get a higher score? (no) Why not? (The test is already over.) Say, The result in this sentence is not real. It can’t happen because it is too late to study for the test.
• Have Ss open their books and look at the
grammar chart. Read the explanation and example statements aloud.
TEACHING TIP Remind Ss that the past unreal conditional uses the past perfect form of the verb in the if-clause and have + the past participle in the result clause.
LANGUAGE NOTE The past unreal conditional can begin with the if-clause and end with the result clause: If you had gone to a different bank, you might have gotten a better interest rate. Note that the tense and word forms remain the same, but the if-clause is followed by a comma when it comes first. No comma is necessary when the result clause begins the sentence.
EXTENSION In pairs, have Ss rewrite the statements in the box with the if-clauses first and the result clauses second.
UNIT 2 T-21
3 PRONUNCIATION
• Direct Ss’ attention to the pronunciation note. Say, We sometimes reduce words when they are linked to another word. Reduce means to leave certain sounds out of the word. Play the audio.
• Write /əv/ on the board. Pronounce the sound and have Ss repeat.
• Write on the board: could have (could’ve), would have (would’ve), might have (might’ve). Say, When you say these phrases, the sound is reduced. Say them aloud.
Have Ss repeat them.
• Read the instructions. Play the audio. Have Ss listen, and then listen and repeat.
OPTION Ask Ss to say the phrases aloud to a partner.
Circulate to offer feedback on pronunciation as they practice.
• Read the instructions aloud. Play the audio. Have Ss listen and complete the exercise individually.
• Put Ss in pairs to compare answers.
• Write the sentences on the board. Invite volunteers to add their answers.
• Then have Ss listen, check answers, and repeat. Correct any mistakes on the board.
4 CONVERSATION
• Have Ss look at the video still. Ask, Who are these people? (Pablo and Gina) What are they doing? (Pablo is looking at something on his laptop.)
• Give Ss time to preview the exercise items. Ask, What do you think Pablo and Gina are talking about?
• Have Ss listen or watch. Ask, Was your prediction correct? Then have Ss answer the question about what Pablo is having trouble with. Go over the answers as a class.
• Say, We are going to watch again. Read the questions aloud. Tell Ss to listen for the answers to these questions.
• Have Ss listen or watch again and complete the exercise. Review answers.
EXTENSION Ask additional comprehension questions:
1. How long has Pablo been thinking about getting a car? (for a while)
2. Does Pablo really need a car in the city? (no) 3. How many lenders did Gina’s sister talk to? (five) 4. How does Gina respond when Pablo tells her he is
buying a car? (She asks if he really needs a car in the city.)
5. Why does Pablo want to buy a car? (tired of taking public transportation, renting cars and ride-sharing is expensive, he wants to be able to go wherever he wants whenever he wants)
6. What might Pablo have to do because he doesn’t qualify for a lower interest rate? (make a big down payment)
• Ask Ss to predict ways the gaps might be filled. Then have them listen and complete the conversation.
• Go over the answers. Have Ss practice the conversation in pairs.
• Read the questions in the Discuss sidebar aloud.
Have Ss discuss in small groups. Remind them to give reasons to explain their answers.
5 TRY IT YOURSELF
• Read the example loans aloud with a higher-level S.
• Give Ss time to choose which they think is best.
Remind them to support their answer with a reason.
• Pair Ss to discuss their ideas. Encourage them to ask each other questions to keep the conversation going.
• Say, Which choice do the most people think is best?
Take a poll by counting hands for each loan choice.
Write the results on the board.
LOOK FOR While Ss are completing the Try It Yourself activity, walk around and listen. Make sure Ss are correctly doing the following:
✓ using the vocabulary to talk about loans
✓ using the past unreal conditional
✓ blending past modal verbs
EXIT TICKET Write on the board: If I had to take out a loan, I would use it to… Have Ss write their names on a blank card. Ask them to list the top three things they would use the money for. Pair Ss and ask them to ask each other, What would you have done if you had taken out a loan? Listen and take notes on areas for review and extra practice.
5 TRY IT YOURSELF
THINK Which of these loans would be the best for Pablo? Why?
Loan 1
Down payment: $1,000 Interest rate: 6 percent Length of loan: 5 years
Loan 2
Down payment: $3,000 Interest rate: 4 percent Length of loan: 4 years
Loan 3
Down payment: $2,000 Interest rate: 8 percent Length of loan: 3 years
PAIRS Discuss your ideas. Do you have the same opinion?
TAKE A POLL What do most people think? Why?
3 PRONUNCIATION
02-08 Read and listen to the pronunciation note.
02-09 Listen. Notice the reduction of have to /əv/ and the blending and stress in past modals. Then listen and repeat.
1. I would have gotten a loan if my credit score had been better.
2. Pablo might have bought that car if the price had been lower.
3. Lisa couldn’t have taken out a loan.
02-10 Listen and complete the sentences. Then listen again and repeat.
1. I the down payment without my parents’ help.
2. Pablo to take the bus if he hadn’t bought a car.
3. The bank the loan if you hadn’t had a full-time job.
4. If Nora had qualified for a loan, she her own business.
4 CONVERSATION
02-11 Listen or watch. What is Pablo having trouble with?
02-12 Listen or watch again. Answer the questions.
1. Why does Pablo want to buy a used car?
2. What advice does Gina give Pablo?
3. What does Pablo plan to do this weekend?
02-13 FOCUS ON LANGUAGE Listen or watch.
Complete the conversation.
Pablo: I’m having a little trouble getting a loan.
Gina: Oh, that’s too bad.
Pablo: It turns out I have a great credit score, but I don’t have much . I’ve only had a credit card for a few years, and I’ve never needed to borrow a lot of money before.
Gina: So they for the loan?
Pablo: Well, no. But the guy at the car dealership said that if my overall credit had been better, I qualified for a lower interest rate.
Blend past modals The auxiliary have is reduced to /əv/ and is linked to the preceding past modal like could, would, and might.
When the past modal is affirmative, stress the past participle and reduce have to /əv/. When the past modal is negative, stress the past participle and the modal and reduce have to /əv/.
Do you think Pablo will get a better deal on his car loan?
Why or why not?
21 UNIT 2 I CAN DISCUSS TAKING OUT A LOAN.
couldn’t have afforded
would’ve continued might not have
approved
could’ve started
credit history
turned you down
could have Answers may vary. Possible answer: Pablo is having trouble getting a car loan.
Gina tells Pablo to shop around and talk to other lenders.
Pablo is going to do some more research on getting a loan.
Pablo has gotten tired of taking public transportation and the cost of renting cars and using ride sharing services has gotten too high.
1 BEFORE YOU LISTEN
What do you think of when you hear the word crowdfunding?
02-14 VOCABULARY Listen. Then listen and repeat.
fi nance: to provide money, especially a large amount of money, to pay for something raise: to collect money to help people
viral: spreading very quickly to many people, especially through the internet a phenomenon: something in society or nature that happens or exists a donation: money that you give to help a person or an organization invest: to give money in order to get a profi t later
a scam: a dishonest plan to get money by tricking people a risk: the chance that something bad may happen
a fundraising campaign: an activity done to collect money for a charity, school, or something else
Complete the sentences with words from 1B.
1. Every year I make a to help poor children in my city.
2. Crowdfunding is not a new .
3. For our we sold candy to raise money for the football team.
4. Tom has a great idea for a product, and he’s looking for someone to it.
5. Many people money in their home so that its value will increase.
6. Jim wants to borrow money from me, but I don’t want to take the . He might not pay me back.
7. Don’t believe that ad you found online. It’s a .
8. My cousin’s cat video went last week. It got over 500,000 views!
9. She’s trying to money for her co-worker. He was hurt and can’t work.
2 GRAMMAR Connectives to express contrast and surprise
We use connectives such as despite, however, although, even though, on the other hand, and while to contrast two different aspects of the same person, thing, or situation. These words introduce an opposing idea, especially one that the listener or reader does not expect.
He meant the campaign as a joke. However, the request went viral and he raised a lot of money.
People feel like they’re making a difference even though they’re giving small amounts.
Despite some risks to investors, the popularity of crowdfunding has exploded.
Notes
• Connectives like however and on the other hand are used to connect a sentence to the previous sentence. They are followed immediately by a comma.
• While, although, and even though connect clauses within a sentence. When these words begin a sentence, add a comma between the clauses.
• Despite and in spite of are followed by a noun phrase. When they begin a sentence, add a comma at the end of the noun phrase.
>>FOR PRACTICE, GO TO PAGE 130
LESSON
22 UNIT 2