1. In 802.11a, what is the loss of spectral efficiency due to (i) not all subcarriers carrying data, (ii) cyclic prefix, (iii) training sequence and signaling field (assume that 16 OFDM symbols are transmitted).
2. What are the maximum data rates of 802.11, 802.11b, and 802.11a.
3. What are the mechanisms that 802.11a uses to achieve high maximum throughput?
4. Estimate the frequency diversity order that an 802.11a system can achieve in a typical office environment (delay spread 50 ns) and a large open space (delay spread 250 ns). What is the impact of coding?
5. The 802.11n standard foresees an optional shortening of the guard interval from 800 ns to 400 ns.
What are the advantages and drawbacks? Up to which channel delay spread should the shortened guard interval be used? Assume uncoded transmission and an exponential power delay profile, and an average SNR of 10 dB.
6. Consider the effect of narrowband interference on an 802.11a system.
(a) What is the effective bandwidth of a Bluetooth signal, which uses GMSK withBGT =0.5?
Exercises 791
(b) How many tones are effectively blocked if we assume that the power spectral density in the Bluetooth signal is equal to the 802.11 signal and a 20 dB SINR is required per tone?
(c) How many tones are blocked if the Bluetooth signal is 20 dB stronger than the 802.11 signal?
7. Consider the problem is covering a whole city with WiFi. Assume that transmission occurs at the maximum admissible power, and that operation at 11 Mbit/s requires an SNR of 5 dB to keep the number of required retransmissions low.
(a) Assume first a network in the 2.45- GHz range that only aims to cover outdoor locations.
Using the Walfish – Ikegami model (Appendix 7B), establish a link budget for a city in the U.S.A. Use the following parameters for the Walfish – Ikegami model: BS antenna height hBS =12.5 m, building height 12 m, building-to-building distance 50 m, street width 25 m, MS antenna height 1.5 m, orientation 30 degree for all paths; correction factor according to
“metropolitan center” environment. Assume an NLOS situation.
(b) Assuming a wall penetration loss of 10 dB, how much is the coverage distance reduced?
(c) For a city with a size of 10 km2, give the number of access points required for covering the outdoor-only case, and the outdoor-plus-indoor case. Assuming costs of 1,000 $ for each access point, what is the total cost of setting up the network? For a MAC efficiency of 50
%, estimate the number of users that can be covered with an average data rate of 300 kbit/s.
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