IV. Varying Alertness and Perception
15.6 Personality development, Determinants, Dimensions
Personality is the concept, which is being used by us in our daily routine life. We identify the people as a pleasing personalized was produced by Gordon. All port more than 60 years ago. He defined personality as the dynamic organization with in the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment. In other words, the personality and interacts with other.
15.6.2Personality Determinates
There are two broad categories of factors, which influence the formation, and development of personality. These are heredity factors and environmental factors.
Fig (15.6.2.1) the Determinants of Personality Heredity
Heredity refers to those factors that were determined at conception. Physical stature, facial attractiveness, gender, temperament, muscle composition and reflexes, energy level, and biological rhythms are characteristics that are generally considered to be influenced by parents. At conception, each parent normally contributes twenty-three chromosomes containing thousands of genes, which seems to be the transmitters of traits in certain combination. These traits are those of physique, eye color, hair color, attractiveness, height and nervous system.
Heredity
Environment
Culture Family Social Situational
Personality
Environment
Some of factors constituting the environment are:
Culture
The members of the society define culture as the sum total of learned behavior traits, which are manifested and should. Individuals born into a particular culture are exposed to existing values, beliefs and norms of that culture concerning an acceptable form of behavior.
Family
The immediate family plays an especially important part in the early personality development. The nature of such influences depends upon the socio economic level of the family, family size, birth order, race, religion, parent’s educational level, geographic location etc. For example, a person belongs to poor family has different attitude towards like than a person coming from rich or stable family.
Social factors
A man is known by the company he keeps. The personality of a person is influenced by his friends, his peer groups at work, associates and his social circle. Much of the behavior is an outcome of respect for norms and laws of the society in which the individual exists.
Situational factors
The personality of individual influenced by events and experiences. Some traumatic experiences can sometimes change the personality of a person. There are a number of stories in Hindu scriptures where a dacoit or a killer came to a religious temple and a single interaction with priest changed him into a saint.
15.6.3 Dimensions of Personality
Personality is a set of relatively stable characteristics of people that account for consistency in their behavour in various situations.
1. Authoritarianism
It refers to blind acceptance of authority. These type of people believes in obedience and respect for authority. They are conservative, close minded, less educated and are concerned with toughness and power.
2. Bureaucratic personality
These personalities are not interested to blind respect of authority, but are based upon respect for organizational rules and regulations. Bureaucratic person values subordination rules conformity, orderly processes in the organization.
3. Machiavellianism
This term is associated with Nccola Machiavelli, a sixteenth century author.
These types of personality have high confidence. They are cool and do not hesitate to manipulate others for personal gains. They are skilled to influencing others and they approach the situations thoughtfully and logically.
4. Problem solving style
Individuals have their own style to make a decision and this style reflects their behaviour. Some people are very thorough, meticulous, and detail oriented other are impulsive. The problem solving style includes two steps.
First step is to collect and organize the date while the second step is to evaluate the data and make a decision.
5. Locus of control
Some people believe that they are master so of their own fate, and some believes that what happens to them in their lives is due to luck or chance. The former personality is called internals, who believe that they control what happens to them and later personality is called an externals, who believe that what happens to them is controlled by outside forces like fate or luck. A person’s perception of the source of his or her fate is termed as locus of control. All most all the successful salespeople are internals. It is pretty difficult to succeed in sales if you do not believe you can effectively influence outcomes.
6. Introvert and extrovert personalities
Some personalities prefers to be alone and have difficulty in communicating are termed as introvert personalities. Some personalities are outgoing, objective, and aggressive and relate well with people is termed as extrovert personality. Introvert personalities are characterized by quiet, introspective, intellectual, well-ordered, emotionally inexpressive and prefers small groups of intimate friends on the other hand extroverts are characterized by sociable, lively, impulsive, seeking novelty and change, emotionally expressive and carefree.
7. Self-esteem
Self-esteem means the degree of respect a person has for himself. It is a measure of self-confidence and respect for one’s abilities and motivation. It is also a higher level of need in Maslow’s need hierarchy model. It is positively related to assertiveness, independence and creativity. Esteemed personalities are very friendly, affectionate and find it easy to form interpersonal attachment.