Stage 2 Final Stage Fixed Earth Free Earth
13.4 Conversion factors and constants 5
13.5 Bending moments in beams 6
13.6 Properties of shapes 7
13.7 Mensuration of plane surface 8
13.8 Mensuration of solids 9
Acknowledgements 10
Piling Handbook, 8th edition (revised 2008)
Useful information
Chapter 13/1
13.1 Discontinued U piles
Section Width Height Thickness Flat of pan C/S area Mass Inertia Elastic Plastic
b h t s f Linear Wall modulus modulus
mm mm mm mm mm cm2/m kg/m kg/m2 cm4/m cm3/m cm3/m
LX8 600 310 8.2 8.0 250 116 54.6 91.0 12863 830 1017
LX 12 600 310 9.7 8.2 386 136 63.9 106.5 18727 1208 1381
LX12d 600 310 10.0 8.3 386 139 65.3 108.8 19217 1240 1417
LX12d10 600 310 10.0 10.0 382 155 72.9 121.5 19866 1282 1493
LX 16 600 380 10.5 9.0 365 157 74.1 123.5 31184 1641 1899
LX 20 600 430 12.5 9.0 330 177 83.2 138.7 43484 2023 2357
LX 20d 600 450 11.2 9.7 330 179 84.3 140.5 45197 2009 2380
LX 25 600 460 13.5 10.0 351 202 95.0 158.3 57656 2507 2914
LX 25d 600 450 15.0 11.0 326 212 100.0 166.7 57246 2544 2984
LX 32 600 460 19.0 11.0 340 243 114.4 190.7 73802 3209 3703
LX 38 600 460 22.5 14.5 337 298 140.4 234.0 87511 3805 4460
Fig 13.1
Table 13.1.2a Corus sections
The table of values below applies to U piles when interlocked together to form a wall
Section Width Height Thickness Flat of pan C/S area Mass Inertia Elastic Plastic
b h t s f Linear Wall modulus modulus
mm mm mm mm mm cm2/m kg/m kg/m2 cm4/m cm3/m cm3/m
PU 6 600 226 7.5 6.4 335 97 45.6 76 6780 600 697
PU 7 600 226 8.5 7.1 335 106 49.9 83.1 7570 670 779
PU 8 600 280 8.0 8.0 318 116 54.5 90.9 11620 830 983
PU 9 600 280 9.0 8.7 318 125 58.8 98.0 12830 915 1083
PU 11 600 360 8.8 8.4 258 131 61.8 103.0 19760 1095 1336
PU 16 600 380 12.0 9.0 302 159 74.7 124.5 30400 1600 1878
PU 20 600 430 12.4 10.0 307 179 84.3 140.0 43000 2000 2363
PU 25 600 452 14.2 10.0 339 199 93.6 156.0 56490 2500 2899
LS3 500 400 14.1 10.0 232 201 78.9 157.8 40010 2000 2390
Table 13.1.1 ArcelorMittal sections 13.1.1 ArcelorMittal sections
13.1.2 Corus sections
Useful information
13.1.2 Corus sections
Chapter 13/2
Section Width Height Thickness Flat of pan C/S area Mass Combined Section
b h t s f Linear Wall inertia modulus
mm mm mm mm mm cm2/m kg/m kg/m2 cm4/m cm3/m
6W 525 212 7.8 6.4 333 109 44.8 85.3 6508 711
9W 525 260 8.9 6.4 343 124 51.0 97.1 11726 902
12W 525 306 9.0 8.5 343 147 60.4 115.1 18345 1199
16W 525 348 10.5 8.6 341 166 68.3 130.1 27857 1601
20W 525 400 11.3 9.2 333 188 77.3 147.2 40180 2009
25W 525 454 12.1 10.5 317 213 87.9 167.4 56727 2499
32W 525 454 17.0 10.5 317 252 103.6 197.4 70003 3216
1U 400 130 9.4 9.4 302 135 42.4 106.0 3184 489
2 400 200 10.2 7.8 270 156 48.8 122.0 8494 850
2B 400 270 8.6 7.1 248 149 46.7 116.8 13663 1013
2N 400 270 9.4 7.1 248 156 48.8 122.0 14855 1101
3 400 247 14.0 8.9 248 198 62.0 155.0 16839 1360
3B 400 298 13.5 8.9 235 198 62.1 155.2 23910 1602
3/20 508 343 11.7 8.4 330 175 69.6 137.0 28554 1665
4A 400 381 15.7 9.4 219 236 74.0 185.1 45160 2371
4B 420 343 15.5 10.9 257 256 84.5 200.8 39165 2285
4/20 508 381 14.3 9.4 321 207 82.5 162.4 43167 2266
508 381 15.7 9.4 321 218 86.8 170.9 45924 2414
5 420 343 22.1 11.9 257 303 100.0 237.7 50777 2962
10B/20 508 171 12.7 12.7 273 167 66.4 130.7 6054 706
Table 13.1.2b Dimensions and properties of interlocked U sections Section Width Height Thickness Flat of pan C/S area Mass Inertia Elastic Plastic
b h t s f Linear Wall modulus modulus
mm mm mm mm mm cm2/m kg/m kg/m2 cm4/m cm3/m cm3/m
GSP 2 400 200 10.5 8.6 266 157 49.4 123.5 8756 876 1020
GSP 3 400 250 13.5 8.6 270 191 60.1 150.3 16316 1305 1520
GSP 4 400 340 15.5 9.7 259 242 76.1 190.3 38742 2279 2652
6 (42) 500 450 20.5 14.0 329 339 133.0 266.0 94755 4211 4933
6 (122) 420 440 22.0 14.0 250 371 122.5 291.7 92115 4187 4996
6 (131) 420 440 25.4 14.0 250 396 130.7 311.2 101598 4618 5481
6 (138.7) 420 440 28.6 14.0 251 419 138.3 329.3 110109 5005 5924
Table 13.1.2a Corus sections continued
Piling Handbook, 8th edition (revised 2008)
Useful information
13.2 Discontinued Z piles
Chapter 13/3 Table 13.2.2 Dimensions and properties of Frodingham sections
Section Width Height Flange Web Mass Elastic
b h t s Linear Wall section
modulus
mm mm mm mm kg/m kg/m2 cm3/m
1 BXN 476 143 12.7 12.7 63.4 133.2 692
1 N 483 170 9.0 9.0 48.0 99.4 714
2 N 483 235 9.7 8.4 54.8 113.5 1161
3 NA 483 305 9.7 9.5 62.7 129.8 1687
4 N 483 330 14.0 10.4 82.7 171.2 2415
5 426 311 17.1 11.9 101.0 237.1 3171
1A 400 146 6.9 6.9 35.6 89.1 563
1B 400 133 9.5 9.5 42.1 105.3 562
2 400 185 8.1 7.6 47.2 118.0 996
3 400 229 10.7 10.2 61.5 153.8 1538
4 400 273 14.0 11.4 80.1 200.1 2352
Table 13.2.1 Dimensions and properties of AZ sections
Section Width Height Flange Web Mass Elastic
b h t s Linear Wall section
modulus
mm mm mm mm kg/m kg/m2 cm3/m
AZ 34 630 459 17.0 13.0 115.5 183.3 3430
AZ 36 630 460 18.0 14.0 122.2 194.0 3600
AZ 38 630 461 19.0 15.0 129.1 204.9 3780
AZ 36-700 700 499 17.0 11.2 118.5 169.3 3600
AZ 38-700 700 500 18.0 12.2 126.2 180.3 3800
AZ 40-700 700 501 19.0 13.2 133.8 191.1 4000
13.2.1 ArcelorMittal sections
13.2.2 Corus sections
b b
h t
s
Chapter 13/4
Useful information
13.3 The Metric System
Linear Measure
1 inch = 25.4mm 1mm = 0.03937 inch
1 foot = 0.3048m 1cm = 0.3937 inch
1 yard = 0.9144m 1m = 3.2808 feet or
1.0936 yds
1 mile = 1.6093km 1km = 0.6214 mile
Square Measure
1 sq inch = 645.16mm2 1cm2 = 0.155 sq in 1 sq foot = 0.0929m2 1m2 = 10.7639 sq ft
or 1.196 sq yds 1 sq yard = 0.8361m2 1hectare = 2.4711 acres 1 acre = 0.4047 hectare
1 sq mile = 259 hectares 1km2 = 247.105 acres 1 hectare = 10,000m2
Cubic Measurement
1 cubic inch = 16.387cm3 1mm3 = 0.000061 cubic in 1 cubic foot = 0.0283m3 1m3 = 35.3147 cubic ft
or 1.308 cubic yds 1 cubic yard = 0.7646m3
Measure of Capacity
1 pint = 0.568 litre 1litre = 1.7598 pints or 0.22 gallon 1 gallon = 4.546 litres
Weight
1 oz = 28.35 kg 1g = 0.0353 oz
1 pound = 0.4536 kg 1kg = 2.2046 lb
1 ton = 1.016 tonnes 1tonne = 0.9842 ton or 1016 kg
Section modulus and inertia
1 inch3 = 16.387 cm3 1cm3 = 0.0610 inch3 1 inch3/foot = 53.76 cm3/m 1cm3/m = 0.0186 inch3/foot 1 inch4 = 41.62 cm4 1cm4 = 0.0240 inch4 1 inch4/foot = 136.56 cm4/m 1cm4/m = 0.0073 inch4/foot
Piling Handbook, 8th edition (revised 2008)
Useful information
13.4 Miscellaneous Conversion Factors and Constants
Chapter 13/5 Linear Measure
1 lb (f) = 4.449N
1 pound per linear foot = 1.4881 kg per linear m 1 pound per square foot = 4.883kg per m2 0.205 pound per square foot = 1kg per m2
1 ton (f) per linear foot = 32.69kN per linear m 1000 pound (f) per square foot = 47.882kN per m2 1 ton (f) per square inch = 15.444N per mm2 1 ton (f) per square foot = 107.25kN per m2 100 pound per cubic foot = 1602kg per m3 100 pound (f) per cubic foot = 15.7kN per m3
1 ton (f) foot Bending Moment = 10kNm Bending Moment per foot of wall per metre of wall 1m head of fresh water = 1kg per cm2 1m head of sea water = 1.025kg per cm2 1m3of fresh water = 1000kg
1m3of sea water = 1025kg
1 radian = 57.3 degrees
Young’s Modulus, steel = 210kN/mm2
Weight of steel = 7850 kg/m3
100 microns = 0.1mm = 0.004 inch
Useful information
13.5 Bending moments in beams
Chapter 13/6
Type Total Load W Maximum Deflection
Bending Moment
Concentrated WL WL3
at End 3EI
Cantilever
Uniformly WL WL3
Distributed 2 8EI
Concentrated WL WL3
at Centre 4 48EI
Uniformly WL 5WL3
Distributed 8 384EI
Varying Uniformly from zero at one
0.128WL 0.0131 WL3
end to a maximum EI
at other end
Concentrated 3WL 0.00932 WL3
at Centre 16 EI
Uniformly WL 0.0054 WL3
Distributed 8 EI
Concentrated WL WL3
at Centre 8 192EI
Both ends fixed
Uniformly WL WL3
Distributed 12 384EI
One end fixed, other end freely
supported Freely Supported
Piling Handbook, 8th edition (revised 2008)
Useful information
13.6 Properties of shapes
Chapter 13/7
Section Moment of Section Radius of
Inertia Modulus Gyration
Ixx Zxx rxx
BD3 BD2 D
12 6 √12
BD3 3
πD4 πD3 D
64 32 4
π(D4-d4) π(D4-d4) D2+d2
64 32D 16
BD3-2bd3 BD3-2bd3 BD3-2bd3
12 6D 12(BD-2bd)
BD3 BD2 D
36 24 √18
B(D3-d3) B(D3-d3) D3-d3
12 6D 12(D-d)
Useful information
13.7 Mensuration of plane surface
Chapter 13/8
Figure Descripton Area Distance ‘y’
to centre of Gravity
Circle πD2 At centre
Triangle 1/2bh at intersection
of median lines
Trapezoid or 1/2 (a+b) h h (2a+b)
Parallelogram 3 (a+b)
Circular Arc –
Circular Sector 1/2 ar
Circular ar
- b
Segment 2 2 (r-h) b3
12 x Area
Ellipse πab At centre
Parabolic 2 2
Segment 3
bh
5 h h 3
2br 3a br a 4
Piling Handbook, 8th edition (revised 2008)
Useful information
13.8 Mensuration of solids
Chapter 13/9
Figure Descripton Surface area A Distance ‘y’
and Volume V to centre
of Gravity
Sphere A =πD2 At centre
V =π/6 D3
Curved Surface
Cylinder A =πDh At centre
V =π/4 D2h
Pyramid
V = 1
Ah h Above
3 4 base
Curved Surface
Cone π h Above
D (4h2+ D2)
4 base
πD2h
Wedge
V = bh h (a+c)
6 (2a+c)
2 (2a+c)
Total Surface
Spherical A =πr x (2h +1/2b) 3 r -h
Sector 4 2
2πx r2h
Spherical Surface
Spherical A = 2πrh h (4r-h)
Segment
V =π
h2(3r-h) 4 (3r-h)
( )
4 12
3
3 A =
V =
V =
√
Acknowledgements
Chapter 13/10
ArcelorMittal Commercial RPS would like to express it’s thanks to the many people who have been involved in the preparation of this Handbook and for the use of photographs and drawings.
In particular the authors would like to mention Robin Dawson
Mike Kightley Eddie Marsh Dr Alan Selby
who have given us the benefit of their considerable experience.
Care has been taken to ensure that the contents of this publication are accurate at the time of going to press, but ArcelorMittal Commercial RPS S.à r.l. and its subsidiary companies do not accept responsibility for errors or for information which is found to be misleading. Suggestions for, or descriptions of, the end use or application of products or methods of working are for information only and ArcelorMittal Commercial RPS S.à r.l. and its subsidiaries accept no liability in respect thereof.
Before using products supplied or manufactured by ArcelorMittal Commercial RPS S.à r.l. the customer should satisfy himself as to their suitability for the intended use.