A. Bao ve va duy tri cac loai dong thuc vat trong dieu kien tu nhien.
B- Phuc vu nghien cuu khoa hoc.
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C. D u lich sinh thai.
D . Quan ly moi truong va giao due.
Huang dan: C
• 12. Lam thu hep dien tich rifng, lam ngheo tinh da dang ctia cac kieu he sinh thai, thanh phan loai va nguon gen, chii yen la do:
A . Su khai thac bira bai va pha rung.
B . Chay rung va cac thien tai khac.
C. Cac dich benh.
D . C h i l n tranh tan pha.
Huang dan: A
• 13. Bien phap de bao ve tai nguyen dat nong nghiep la:
A . Thuc hien k i thuat canh tac tren ddt doc.
B. A p dung bien phap nong lam k^t hop.
C. Chong suy thoai va 6 nhiem d i t . D . Ngan chan nan du canh, du cu.
Huang dan: C
• 14. De chong xoi mon tren dat doc if vung doi nui, ve mat ki thuat canh tac can thyc hien bien phap:
A . Trong trot theo duong binh do.
B. Bao ve rung va dat rung.
C. Ngan chan nan du canh, du cu.
D. Ap dung bien phap nong lam kk hap.
Huang dan: A
• 15. Du-a vao bang 14.1 S G K (Sy bien dong dien tich mng qua mot so nam), nhan xct ve bien dong dien tich rung qua giai doan 1943 - 1983 va 1983 - 2006. Giai thich vi sao c6 sir thay doi do?
- G i a i doan 1943 - 1983:
+ Tong dien tich c6 rung, dien tich rung t u nhien, do che phu rimg bi giam Slit nghiem trong (tren dual 50%).
+ Nguyen nhan: Do chign tranh, do pha rung bua bai, do khai thac khong hop l i , cong tac quan l i rung con nhigu han che. Mac du dien tich trSng rung, dat 0,4 ha, nhung khong bu dSp dugc dien tich rirng t u nhien bi pha, nen do che phu rung giam siit ghn 50%.
- G i a i doan 1983 - 2 0 0 6 :
+ Tong dien tich c6 rung, dien tich rung t u nhien, do che phu rung tang dang ke, dac biet dien tfch rung trdng tang nhanh va dat 2,5 trieu ha.
^9
+ Nguyen nhan: Cong tac bao ve, quan l i , trong rimg dugc tang euang ftianh mc. Tuy nhien, dien tich rirng t u nhien van it hem rat nhieu so v a i nam j943, di^u do c6 nghia la c h i t lugng rung v i n bi giam siit, mac du dien tich j . ^ g dang dan tang len.
Rails BAO V E MOI T R l / O N G VA PHONG CHONG T H I E N T A I
• 1. Van de chii yen bao ve moi tru-ong nu-ffc ta la gi?
Huang dan:
- Tinh trang mk can bang sinh thai va moi truong: bieu hien a su gia tang cac thien tai bao lut, han han va su bi6n d6i t h l t thuong ve thai tiet, khi hau.
- Tinh trang 6 nhiem moi truong: nuac, khong k h i va dat da tra thanh van dS nghiem trong a cac than ph6 Ian, cac khu cong nghiep, cac khu dong dan cu va mot so vung a cua song ven bien...
• 2. Neu nguyen nhan gay 6 nhiem ff moi tru-ong do thi va nong thon.
Huang dan:
-0 do t h i :
+ Rac thai, nuac thai lam t r i m trong them ve sinh m o i truong.
+ Khoi bui, k h i thai cua boat dong cong nghiep, giao thong van tai gay 6 nhiem moi truang khong k h i .
- C) nong thon:
+ 1 Argng thu6c trir sau, phan bon huu ca va hoa chat d u thua la nguon gay 6 nhiem nhieu vung chua nuac.
+ C h i t thai cua boat dong tifiu thii cong nghiep lam 6 nhiem moi truang.
• 3. Neu cac van de v§ moi tru-6-ng noi com ff thanh thi, nong thon, vung ven bien va bien.
Huang dan:
- Thanh thi: V i n d6 nuac thai (cong nghiep va sinh boat) do thang ra song, h6, chua qua x u l i ; tinh trang 6 nhiem khong k h i a mot so khu cong nghiep, d i l m dan cu da tra nen nghiem trong.
- Nong thon: 6 nhiem d i t do nuac thai, rac thai phan buy n g l m xuong; 6 nhiSm nhiSu vung chua nuac do du lugng thuoc bao ve thuc vat...
- Vung ven bi£n va biSn: V i n dk su dung hgp l i cac vung cua song ven bi6n dc tranh lam ngheo cac he sinh thai va lam hong ve dep cua canh quan thien nhien.
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• 4. Neu hoat dong ciia bao cf nirdc ta trong nam.
Huang dan:
- Tren toan qu6c, mua bao tu thang V I va kdt thuc vac thang X I , bao som vao thang V va muon sang thang X I I , nhung cuong do ykxx.
- Bao tap trung nhilu nhlt vao thang IX, sau do d i n cac thang X va thang V I I I . Tong so con bao cua ba thang nay chiSm tai 70% so can bao trong toan mua.
- Mua bao a Viet Nam cham din tu BSc vao Nam.
- Bao boat dong manh nhat a ven biln Trung Bo.
- Trung binh moi nam c6 tu 3 - 4 can bao d6 bo vao vung ba biln nuac ta.
nam bao nhifiu c6 8 - 10 can bao.
• 5. Trinh bay tinh trang ngap lut a niroc ta.
Huang dan:
- Viing chiu lut ung nghiem trong nhdt la vung chau tho song H6ng do dien mua bao rong, lu tap trung trong cac he thdng song Ian c6 khi len tai 400 - 500mm/ngay, mat dat thSp, xung quanh c6 de song, de biSn bao boc.
Muc do do thi hoa cao cung lam cho ngap lut nghiem trong ban.
- Ngap lut a d6ng bSng song Cuu Long khong chi do mua Ian gay ra ma con do trieu cuang.
- O Trung Bo, nhieu vung trung Bac Trung Bo va d6ng bSng ha luu cac song Ian Nam Trung Bo cung hi ngap lut manh vao cac thang 9, 10 do mua bao, nuac bien dang, lu ngu6n.
• 6. L u quet thuong xay ra 6 dau? Neu nhung bien phap can lam d l han che tac hai ciia lu quet.
Huang dan:
~ Lu quet xay ra a nhirng luu vuc song su6i mi6n niii, nai c6 dia hinh chia cat manh, do doc Ian, mat lop phu thuc vat, be mat dk de bi boc mon khi c6 mua Ian. Mua gay ra lu quet c6 cuong do rat Ion, luong mua tai 100 - 200mm trong vai gia.
- 0 mien Bac, lu quet thuang xay ra vao cac thang 6 - 1 0 , tap trung a vung nui phia Bac. 6 miSn Trung, vao cac thang 10 ~ 12, lia quet cung da xay ra a nhieu nai tu Ha l l n h tai Nam Trung Bo.
- D6 giam thicu tac hai do lu quet, chung ta can:
+ Quy hoach phat trien cac diem dan cu tranh cac vung lia quet nguy hiem va quan !i su dung dk dai hgp l i .
+ Thuc thi cac bien phap ki thuat thuy Igi, trdng rirng, ki thuat nong nghiep tren dk doc nham han chk dong chay mat va chdng xoi mon dk.
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P 7. Han han thirtmg xay ra dau? Can phai lam gi de giam thieu tac hai ciia han han?
Huang din:
- Kho han keo dai va tinh trang han han trong mua kho dien ra a nhieu nai.
+ C) mikn Bac, tai cac thung lung khult gio nhu Yen Chau, Song Ma (San La), Luc Ngan (BSc Giang) mua kho keo dai 3 - 4 thang.
+ CI mien Nam, mua kho k h k nghiet ban. Thai k i kho han keo dai (jgn 4 - 5 thang a dong bing Nam Bo, vung thip Tay Nguyen, 6 - 7 thani a vung ven hikn Cue Nam Trung Bo.
- De han chS bat thiet hai do ban han gay ra chn t6 chuc phong chong tot.
Dg phong ch6ng kho han lau dai phai giai quySt bang nhung cong trinh thuy Igi hgp H.
• 8. Viing dong hkng nao & nuoc ta chiu ngap lut manh? V i sac?
Huang dan:
- Vung d6ng bang chiu ngap lut manh: D6ng bang song Hong va dong bang song Cuu Long.
- D6ng bang song H6ng: Co mua cuong do Ian, tap trung, mat dk thSp, xung quanh c6 de song, de biSn bao bgc, nhieu 6 trung nen chiu ngap lut manh. Ngoai ra, do mat do xay dung cao, lam nuac thoat cham nen muc do ngap lut nghiem trong ban.
- D6ng bang song Cuu Long: Ngap lut dien ra tren dien rgng, khong chi do mua ma con do muc thuy triSu cao. Be mat ddng bang song Cuu Long thSp phang ban d6ng bang song H6ng nen kha nang tieu nuac kern ban va con phu thugc dong trilu.
• 9. d nuo-c ta, lu quet thucmg xay ra of nhirng viing nao va vao thoi gian nao?
Huang dan:
- d rmhn Bac, IQ quet thuang xay ra vao cac thang 6 - 1 0 , tap trung a vung nui phia Bac.
- C) miSn Trung, vao cac thang 10 - 12, lu quet xay ra a nhieu nai tu Ha 1 mh tai Nam Trung Bg.
• 10. V i sao lu-ong nu-oc thieu hut vao mua kho ff mien BSc khong nhieu nhu" ff mien Nam?
Huang dan:
Vi \h mua kho a miSn Bac c6 mua phun.
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• 11. Ncu thoi gian boat dong va hau qua ciia bao ff Viet Nam va bi^n phap phong chong bao.
Huang dan: '*
- Moat dong cua bao a Viet Nam:
+ Tren toan quoc, mua bao: Tu thang V I va ket thiic vao thang X I , bao sorn vao thang V va muon sang thang X I I , nhung cuang do yeu.
+ Bao tap trung nhicu nhat vao thang IX, sau do den cac thang X va thang VIII. long so can bao cua ba thang nay chiem tai 70% so can bao trong toan mua.
+ Miia bao 6f Viet Nam cham dan tu Bac vao Nam.
+ Bao boat dong manh nhat a ven bien Trung Bo. >f + Trung binh moi nam c6 tu 3 ~ 4 can bao do bo vao vung ba bien nuac
ta, nam bao nhieu c6 8 - 10 con bao. i^;
- Hau qua cua bao a Viet Nam:
t Gio manh kem theo mua Ian gay ngap lu tren dien rong, lat up tau thuyen tren bien, lam myc nuac bien dang cao gay ngap man vung ven bien.
+ Bao Ion, gio giat manh doi chieu tan pha ca nhUng cong trinh vilng chac nhu nha cua, cong sa, cau cong, cot dien cao the...
- Phong chong bao:
+ D u bao ve qua trinh hinh thanh va huang di chuyen cua bao.
+ Khi di tren bien, cac tau thuyen phai gap rut tranh xa vung trung tam bao hoac tra wh dat \\hn.
+ Vung ven bien can ciing c6 cong trinh de bien.
+ Can khan truang sa tan dan khi c6 bao Ion.
+ Chong bao ket hop chong lut, ling a dong bang va chong lu, chong x6i mon a mien nui.
• 12. Neu cac viing hay xay ra ngap lut, lu quet, ban ban a niro'c ta.
Can lam gi dc giam nbc tac bai cua cac loal thicn tai nay?
Huang dan:
- Cac vung thuang xay ra ngap lut, lia quet, han ban:
+ Vung hay xay ra ngap lut: Dong bang song I long, dong bang song Cuu Long, cac vung triang Bac Trung Bo va dong bang ha lun cac song Ian Nam Trung Bo.
+ Vung hay xay ra lu quet: Vung nui phia Bac, nhieu nai tu Ha TTnh tai Nam Trung Bo.
+ Vung hay xay ra han han: Tai cac thung lung khuat gio nhu Yen Chau, Song Ma (Son La), Luc Ngan (Bac Giang) mua kho keo dai 3 - 4 thang. 6
^Qng bang Nam Bo va Tay Nguyen, thai ki kho ban keo dai d^n 4 - 5 thang. CJ ven biSn cue Nam Trung Bo, thod ki kho han dai 6 - 7 thang.
- D I giam nhe tac hai ciia cac loai thien tai nay, chung ta can:
+ Quy hoach phat trien cac diem dan cu tranh cac vung lu quet nguy hi^m va quan l i su dung dat dai hop li, ap dung cac bien phap canh tac tren dit doc hop If.
+ Can to chuc phong chong han han tot. De phong chong kho han lau dai phai giai quyet bang nhung cong trinh thuy Igi hop l i .
+ Tich cue trong rung va bao ve rung.
• 13. Of nu-oc ta, dong dat tbu-ong bay xay ra 6' nbirng viing nao?
Huang dan:
Dong dat manh nhat va tap trung nhat a vung Tay Bac, sau do den vung Dong Bac va vung ven bien Nam Trung Bo.
• 14. Neu cac nbicm vu chii yeu ciia Chien lu-ffc quoc gia ve bao ve tai nguyen va moi tru'ong.
Hm'rng dan:
- Duy tri cac qua trinh sinh thai chu yeu va cac he thong song c6 y nghia quyet dinh den dai song con nguofi.
- Dam bao su giau c6 vc von gen, cac loai nuoi trong cQng nhu cac loai hoang dai, c6 lien quan den Igi ich lau dai ciaa nhan dan Viet Nam va cua ca nhan loai.
- Dam bao viec su dung hop l i cac nguon tai nguyen tu nhien, dieu khien viec su dung trong giai han c6 the phuc hoi dugc.
- Dam bao chat lugng moi truong phu hop vai yeu cau ve doi song con nguai.
- Phan dau dat tai trang thai on dinh dan so a muc can bang vai kha nang siJ dung hgp l i cac tai nguyen thien nhien.
Q 15. Vung dong bang cbiu lut ling ngbicm trong nbat la:
A. Dong bang song I I6ng. '>
B- Dong bang song Cuu Long.
C. Dong bang duyen hai mien Trung.
D. Cau A + B dung.
fiuang ddn: A
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