This final chapter offers you a practical comprehensive troubleshooting review. Part I of this book covers protocol characteristics, methodology, and tools. Part II focuses on supporting the IP and IPX protocols as well as some other interesting topics such as upgrades and password recovery. The focus of Part III is Ethernet, switching, and VLANs. Part IV is about supporting the WAN. I take a slightly different approach in this chapter. In this part, I present you with a new physical scenario and several Trouble Tickets. You first need to discover the topology and get a good baseline. Then you work through the Trouble Tickets on your own one-by-one to spot and fix any issues.
This chapter covers the following topics:
Scenario: Shooting Trouble Review Trouble Ticket 1 Discovery Lab Trouble Ticket 2 Documentation Lab Trouble Ticket 3 OSPF Lab
Trouble Ticket 4 RIP/OSPF/EIGRP Redistribution Lab Trouble Ticket 5 Frame Relay/ISDN Backup Lab Trouble Ticket 6 VLAN and Spanning Tree Lab
Supporting Website Files
You can find files and links to utilities that support this book on the Cisco Press website at www.ciscopress.com/1587200570. Even if you do not have a lab, you can take advantage of the supporting configuration files including the logs to understand device input and output. The files are listed throughout the chapters in italics.
In order to be able to read and work with some of the supporting files offered at www.ciscopress.com/1587200570, you may want to download some of the programs listed in Table I-1 in the Introduction.
• Table of Contents
• Index
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting By Donna L. Harrington
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: April 04, 2003
ISBN: 1-58720-057-0 Pages: 840
Hands-on practice for the CCNP Troubleshooting exam with TCP/IP, LAN, and WAN trouble tickets based on Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics.
With this book, you can:
Set up and follow along with real-world lab scenarios aligned to each exam topic, with or without the actual equipment
Establish a baseline and document your physical and logical network
Identify troubleshooting targets using ping, trace, show, clear, debug, and other troubleshooting tools and utilities
Diagnose and troubleshoot actual problems by following along with author-provided Catalyst(r) OS and Cisco IOS(r) Software command input, output, and logging Use instructor-developed problem-isolation methods to resolve Trouble Tickets
"Sniff" the wire to spot network issues
Analyze local and remote access problems in Ethernet networks, including issues with cabling, speed and duplex, utilization and collisions, bandwidth, CSMA/CD, one-way link, auto negotiation, addressing, encapsulation, and more
Apply a layered troubleshooting methodology to real-life routing and switching environments
Designed for aspiring CCNP and CCIE(r) professionals, this indispensable lab guide builds on Cisco(r) Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics that prepare you for the CCNP
Troubleshooting exam. Full of practical exercises that get you ready for challenges on the job, CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting gives you an edge over the competition through real- world application of LAN and WAN topics.
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting provides you with practical information on all the important concepts central to the troubleshooting portion of the CCNP certification, including
Scenario: Shooting Trouble Review
In addition to the terminal server, six routers, three switches, and three PCs you have been working with throughout the book, you need another router with a minimum of two serial interfaces to complete the Trouble Tickets in this chapter. It doesn't need to do much more than act as a Frame Relay switch for two other routers. I also have a Microsoft box, a Novell box, and an 804 router on the backbone. The 804 is primarily used as a ping target and could be used as a TFTP server or a route generator. However, it is not required because you can certainly use your Microsoft box for this purpose. The Novell server is optional as well.
As always, there is not just one right or wrong way to accomplish the tasks presented. The ability to obtain the end result using good practices is extremely important in any real-world network. At a minimum you should "spot the issues" that are printed in the Trouble Ticket solutions sections following each Trouble Ticket. Think methodically. Put your tools to practice.
Use the knowledge gained from the previous chapters, your own troubleshooting experiences, and a step-by-step approach to quickly get a grip on the troubles before they get a grip on you.
Compare your work against the supporting files. The files required for this chapter include the following:
tt1 layer 2 configuration tt1 layer 3 configuration tt1 layer 3 testing tt1 final configs tt2 testing tt2 syslog
tt2 copying configs to the tftp server tt3 troubled configs
tt3 testing tt3 fixed configs tt4 troubled configs tt4 fixed configs
tt4 copying configs to the tftp server tt5 troubled configs
tt5 fixed configs tt6 troubled configs tt6 new hosts file tt6 fixed configs
• Table of Contents
• Index
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting By Donna L. Harrington
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: April 04, 2003
ISBN: 1-58720-057-0 Pages: 840
Hands-on practice for the CCNP Troubleshooting exam with TCP/IP, LAN, and WAN trouble tickets based on Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics.
With this book, you can:
Set up and follow along with real-world lab scenarios aligned to each exam topic, with or without the actual equipment
Establish a baseline and document your physical and logical network
Identify troubleshooting targets using ping, trace, show, clear, debug, and other troubleshooting tools and utilities
Diagnose and troubleshoot actual problems by following along with author-provided Catalyst(r) OS and Cisco IOS(r) Software command input, output, and logging Use instructor-developed problem-isolation methods to resolve Trouble Tickets
"Sniff" the wire to spot network issues
Analyze local and remote access problems in Ethernet networks, including issues with cabling, speed and duplex, utilization and collisions, bandwidth, CSMA/CD, one-way link, auto negotiation, addressing, encapsulation, and more
Apply a layered troubleshooting methodology to real-life routing and switching environments
Designed for aspiring CCNP and CCIE(r) professionals, this indispensable lab guide builds on Cisco(r) Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics that prepare you for the CCNP
Troubleshooting exam. Full of practical exercises that get you ready for challenges on the job, CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting gives you an edge over the competition through real- world application of LAN and WAN topics.
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting provides you with practical information on all the important concepts central to the troubleshooting portion of the CCNP certification, including
NOTE
If you paste in my files instead of configuring everything yourself, remember to modify my supporting troubled files for your lab environment. For example, the first serial interface on my duck router is s0, whereas yours may be s0/0. My backbone is connected via e0; yours may be fa0/0.
• Table of Contents
• Index
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting By Donna L. Harrington
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: April 04, 2003
ISBN: 1-58720-057-0 Pages: 840
Hands-on practice for the CCNP Troubleshooting exam with TCP/IP, LAN, and WAN trouble tickets based on Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics.
With this book, you can:
Set up and follow along with real-world lab scenarios aligned to each exam topic, with or without the actual equipment
Establish a baseline and document your physical and logical network
Identify troubleshooting targets using ping, trace, show, clear, debug, and other troubleshooting tools and utilities
Diagnose and troubleshoot actual problems by following along with author-provided Catalyst(r) OS and Cisco IOS(r) Software command input, output, and logging Use instructor-developed problem-isolation methods to resolve Trouble Tickets
"Sniff" the wire to spot network issues
Analyze local and remote access problems in Ethernet networks, including issues with cabling, speed and duplex, utilization and collisions, bandwidth, CSMA/CD, one-way link, auto negotiation, addressing, encapsulation, and more
Apply a layered troubleshooting methodology to real-life routing and switching environments
Designed for aspiring CCNP and CCIE(r) professionals, this indispensable lab guide builds on Cisco(r) Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics that prepare you for the CCNP
Troubleshooting exam. Full of practical exercises that get you ready for challenges on the job, CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting gives you an edge over the competition through real- world application of LAN and WAN topics.
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting provides you with practical information on all the important concepts central to the troubleshooting portion of the CCNP certification, including
Trouble Ticket 1 Discovery Lab
Ideally, you should use Figure 10-1 as a physical starting point, discover the network on your own, and update your drawing accordingly. To make this a true discovery lab, you should have someone else do the cabling and load the preconfigured files for you. They are in the file called tt1 layer 2 configuration.
Alternatively, erase all the configurations yourself, power the devices down, and wire the new scenario as in Figure 10-2. Then you can paste in the configurations from the file provided (or configure, if you prefer).
Figure 10-1. Chapter 10 Discovery
Figure 10-2. Lower-Layer Discovery/Configuration
[View full size image]
• Table of Contents
• Index
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting By Donna L. Harrington
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: April 04, 2003
ISBN: 1-58720-057-0 Pages: 840
Hands-on practice for the CCNP Troubleshooting exam with TCP/IP, LAN, and WAN trouble tickets based on Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics.
With this book, you can:
Set up and follow along with real-world lab scenarios aligned to each exam topic, with or without the actual equipment
Establish a baseline and document your physical and logical network
Identify troubleshooting targets using ping, trace, show, clear, debug, and other troubleshooting tools and utilities
Diagnose and troubleshoot actual problems by following along with author-provided Catalyst(r) OS and Cisco IOS(r) Software command input, output, and logging Use instructor-developed problem-isolation methods to resolve Trouble Tickets
"Sniff" the wire to spot network issues
Analyze local and remote access problems in Ethernet networks, including issues with cabling, speed and duplex, utilization and collisions, bandwidth, CSMA/CD, one-way link, auto negotiation, addressing, encapsulation, and more
Apply a layered troubleshooting methodology to real-life routing and switching environments
Designed for aspiring CCNP and CCIE(r) professionals, this indispensable lab guide builds on Cisco(r) Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics that prepare you for the CCNP
Troubleshooting exam. Full of practical exercises that get you ready for challenges on the job, CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting gives you an edge over the competition through real- world application of LAN and WAN topics.
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting provides you with practical information on all the important concepts central to the troubleshooting portion of the CCNP certification, including
Have the person setting up the lab use Figure 10-2 as a guide to build and configure Layer 1 and Layer 2.
If you are discovering everything for yourself, I expect you to draw a diagram similar to Figure 10-2 rather than just look at mine.
NOTE
Give yourself the benefit of breaking and fixing things. Do not just paste in my troubled files, and then turn around and paste in my fixed files. Instead, use my troubled files to break things. Use the methodology, tools, and resources covered throughout the book and in your practical experiences to "spot the issues" and then fix them.
After you have discovered (or configured) and tested the lower layers, use Figure 10-3 to configure the IP addressing, hosts files, and routing protocols. Alternatively, paste the configurations in from the tt1 layer 3 configuration file. In this Trouble Ticket, configure anything that is missing on your devices to ensure end- to-end connectivity as in Figure 10-2. Don't forget to configure your hosts.
Figure 10-3. Upper-Layer Discovery/Configuration
[View full size image]
• Table of Contents
• Index
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting By Donna L. Harrington
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: April 04, 2003
ISBN: 1-58720-057-0 Pages: 840
Hands-on practice for the CCNP Troubleshooting exam with TCP/IP, LAN, and WAN trouble tickets based on Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics.
With this book, you can:
Set up and follow along with real-world lab scenarios aligned to each exam topic, with or without the actual equipment
Establish a baseline and document your physical and logical network
Identify troubleshooting targets using ping, trace, show, clear, debug, and other troubleshooting tools and utilities
Diagnose and troubleshoot actual problems by following along with author-provided Catalyst(r) OS and Cisco IOS(r) Software command input, output, and logging Use instructor-developed problem-isolation methods to resolve Trouble Tickets
"Sniff" the wire to spot network issues
Analyze local and remote access problems in Ethernet networks, including issues with cabling, speed and duplex, utilization and collisions, bandwidth, CSMA/CD, one-way link, auto negotiation, addressing, encapsulation, and more
Apply a layered troubleshooting methodology to real-life routing and switching environments
Designed for aspiring CCNP and CCIE(r) professionals, this indispensable lab guide builds on Cisco(r) Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics that prepare you for the CCNP
Troubleshooting exam. Full of practical exercises that get you ready for challenges on the job, CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting gives you an edge over the competition through real- world application of LAN and WAN topics.
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting provides you with practical information on all the important concepts central to the troubleshooting portion of the CCNP certification, including Test and fix any minor issues and move directly into the documentation lab. Compare your final
configurations to the output in the "Trouble Ticket 10-1 Discovery Lab Solution" section and the tt1 layer 3 testing and tt1 final configs files.
NOTE
More so than the other chapters, you must thoroughly review the figures, examples, and
configuration files provided to gain practical experience from this chapter. Even if you don't have the equipment handy, you can walk through the chapter and supporting documentation as if you did. If you think you are just at that comfortable level, do the labs anyway! You may still learn something.
Make sure you have a working configuration and take time to update your documents and tables to assist with troubleshooting later. No access lists or filters are in place at the present time, and all passwords that are configured should be broadcreek. Simple ping and trace tests via your hosts tables are sufficient at this point.
Trouble Ticket 1 Discovery Lab Solution
At a minimum you should have discovered the topology like that in Figure 10-2 and 10-3. In a practical environment, you should use a program that automatically discovers the devices and keeps track of
• Table of Contents
• Index
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting By Donna L. Harrington
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: April 04, 2003
ISBN: 1-58720-057-0 Pages: 840
Hands-on practice for the CCNP Troubleshooting exam with TCP/IP, LAN, and WAN trouble tickets based on Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics.
With this book, you can:
Set up and follow along with real-world lab scenarios aligned to each exam topic, with or without the actual equipment
Establish a baseline and document your physical and logical network
Identify troubleshooting targets using ping, trace, show, clear, debug, and other troubleshooting tools and utilities
Diagnose and troubleshoot actual problems by following along with author-provided Catalyst(r) OS and Cisco IOS(r) Software command input, output, and logging Use instructor-developed problem-isolation methods to resolve Trouble Tickets
"Sniff" the wire to spot network issues
Analyze local and remote access problems in Ethernet networks, including issues with cabling, speed and duplex, utilization and collisions, bandwidth, CSMA/CD, one-way link, auto negotiation, addressing, encapsulation, and more
Apply a layered troubleshooting methodology to real-life routing and switching environments
Designed for aspiring CCNP and CCIE(r) professionals, this indispensable lab guide builds on Cisco(r) Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics that prepare you for the CCNP
Troubleshooting exam. Full of practical exercises that get you ready for challenges on the job, CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting gives you an edge over the competition through real- world application of LAN and WAN topics.
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting provides you with practical information on all the important concepts central to the troubleshooting portion of the CCNP certification, including
changes for you, too. I am thinking of network management programs such as CiscoWorks, HP OpenView, Cisco Info Center (CIC), Visio 2000, and so on.
The device names are not just r1, r2, r3, and so on. Instead, I wanted to remind you to take the naming of devices a little more seriously in a practical environment. Having a plan for naming and addressing is important and makes it easier for you to spot things that are out of the ordinary. After working through the solution, use Trouble Ticket 2 as a reminder that you need to document your new topology.
Remember that the troubleshooting targets at the lower layers are interfaces and controllers. I assume that in your baseline you verified and documented items such as model number, serial number, RAM/Flash memory, IOS version, configuration register settings, bandwidth/speed, clocking, encapsulation, duplex, descriptions, addresses, passwords, spanning-tree portfast, VLANs, and the like. Other things that are valuable to document in practical application include the detailed location of equipment down to the wiring closet, rack, and position.
The shaded output in Examples 10-1 through 10-3 are the types of things you should have discovered and recorded on your drawing or table for the Layer 2 baseline. To support Cisco you need to adjust the
commands slightly according to the CatOS or IOS command sets. Example 10-1 illustrates the types of things to look for on your routers. Much of my output has been omitted from the printed text but is included in the sample files. However, you should include everything in your baseline. For the ISDN and Frame Relay devices, refer back to those chapters for information about commands such as show frame map, show frame lmi, show isdn status, and so on. I concentrate more on them in Trouble Ticket 5.
Example 10-1. Building a Layer 2 Baseline for the Routers
duck>show version
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(21a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Sat 02-Feb-02 02:08 by nmasa
Image text-base: 0x030520E0, data-base: 0x00001000
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 5.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE
BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-RXBOOT), Version 10.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) duck uptime is 7 hours, 34 minutes
System restarted by power-on
System image file is "flash:c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin"
cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision L) with 14336K/2048K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID 03074719, with hardware revision 00000000 Bridging software.
• Table of Contents
• Index
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting By Donna L. Harrington
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: April 04, 2003
ISBN: 1-58720-057-0 Pages: 840
Hands-on practice for the CCNP Troubleshooting exam with TCP/IP, LAN, and WAN trouble tickets based on Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics.
With this book, you can:
Set up and follow along with real-world lab scenarios aligned to each exam topic, with or without the actual equipment
Establish a baseline and document your physical and logical network
Identify troubleshooting targets using ping, trace, show, clear, debug, and other troubleshooting tools and utilities
Diagnose and troubleshoot actual problems by following along with author-provided Catalyst(r) OS and Cisco IOS(r) Software command input, output, and logging Use instructor-developed problem-isolation methods to resolve Trouble Tickets
"Sniff" the wire to spot network issues
Analyze local and remote access problems in Ethernet networks, including issues with cabling, speed and duplex, utilization and collisions, bandwidth, CSMA/CD, one-way link, auto negotiation, addressing, encapsulation, and more
Apply a layered troubleshooting methodology to real-life routing and switching environments
Designed for aspiring CCNP and CCIE(r) professionals, this indispensable lab guide builds on Cisco(r) Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) topics that prepare you for the CCNP
Troubleshooting exam. Full of practical exercises that get you ready for challenges on the job, CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting gives you an edge over the competition through real- world application of LAN and WAN topics.
CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting provides you with practical information on all the important concepts central to the troubleshooting portion of the CCNP certification, including X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
SuperLAT software (copyright 1990 by Meridian Technology Corp).
TN3270 Emulation software.
2 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 2 Serial network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Configuration register is 0x2102
duck>show flash
System flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 10253564 c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin
[10253628 bytes used, 6523588 available, 16777216 total]
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
duck>show interfaces
Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is Lance, address is 0000.0c8d.6705 (bia 0000.0c8d.6705) Description: duck to chesapeakebay backbone
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:00:13, output 00:00:03, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec