British English
flat dustbin curtains cooker chest of drawers
garden lift tap torch wardrobe
American English
elevator dresser drapes closet apartment
faucet flashlight stove trash can yard
1. a _______________ is a piece of land next to a house where flowers and vegetables can be grown 2. a _______________ is a small light that you carry in your hand
3. a _______________ is a set of rooms used as a house
4. a _______________ is a machine used for carrying people from one floor to another 5. a _______________ is a piece of furniture with drawers that is used for storing clothes 6. a _______________ is a large container outside your house where you throw things away 7. a _______________ is a type of handle that you turn to let water out of a pipe
8. a _______________ is a large piece of kitchen equipment used for making meals 9. a _______________ is a cupboard where you can hang your clothes
10. _______________ are pieces of cloth that you can move to cover a window VIII. Complete the sentences with the American English words in Exercise 1.
1. Don’t leave the kitchen if there’s a pan on the _______________.
2. Please hang your clean clothes in your _______________.
3. Shall we walk up the stairs or take the _______________.
4. The kids are outside playing in the _______________.
5. They live in a(n) _______________ on 23rd Street.
6. When is the _______________ emptied? It’s starting to smell.
7. The _______________ is leaking, so we’d better get a plumber in.
8. Do you have a(n) _______________? I can’t see a thing.
9. Your watch is probably on the _______________, where you left it.
10. The sun’s really bright today. Let’s close the _______________.
● Prepositions
IX. Complete each sentence with the correct preposition.
1. He is bilingual _______________ Mandarin and English.
2. Pronouns are often used to refer _______________ a noun that has already been mentioned.
3. The Internet is an increasingly important means _______________ communication.
4. _______________ a model of a ship, the mast is 9 cm high, while the mast of the actual ship is 12 m high.
5. The museum’s collection includes works of art from all _______________ the world.
6. He provided us _______________ a lot of information.
7. We provide financial support _______________ low-income families.
8. I get a lot of pleasure _______________ reading books in English.
9. I was actually fairly confident _______________ my chances to get a scholarship.
10. Do you know any differences _______________ British and American English?
C. Grammar
• Defining relative clauses
I. Join the sentence halves with where, who. whose and which.
1. These are the boys ... a. you got yesterday?
2. Is there a shop in town ... b. I often spend time with.
3. Beach volleyball is something ... c. has got blue eyes.
4. I know a man ... d. I can buy a video game?
5. They are the parents ... e. child I sometimes look after.
6. Do you know the village ... f. I’d like to have a go at.
7. Can we watch the DVD ... g. Nick lives?
1. _________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________________________
II. Connect the sentences with who, which or where.
1. I bought a new bag. It is made of recycled plastic.
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. His mother is a doctor. She works at a hospital in Ho Chi Minh City.
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Rebecca Hoskins is a British woman. She started a campaign against plastic bags.
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. San José is a city in California. My uncle went to university there.
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. We visited a market. We bought some oranges there.
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. Mary read a blog. It was about the life of a family in New York.
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. It is an interesting film. It’s about life in space.
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. My English teacher is a man. He’s always cheerful.
___________________________________________________________________________________
III. Combine the sentences using relative clauses.
1. Yersin is a private university. My brother studied medicine there.
🡪 Yersin is the private university
2. Ms. Hoa is a dentist. She fixed my teeth.
🡪 Ms. Hoa is the dentist
3. Barossa is a bar. You can get free food there.
🡪 Barossa is a bar
4. Did you get my notes? I left it on your table.
🡪 Did you get the note
5. My Music is a shop. It sells old CDs.
🡪 My Music is the shop
6. Did you find the keys? I gave them to your sister.
🡪 Did you find the keys
7. Mr. Tan is a personal trainer. He helped me get fit.
🡪 Mr. Tan is the personal trainer
8. Binh Chanh is a town. I was born there.
🡪 Binh Chanh is the town
D. Reading
• Reading about the three circles of English
I. Read the text, and mark the sentences T (true), F (false), or NG (not given). Tick the correct boxes.
How English has become the global language
People often talk about English as a global language. With more than 350 million people around the world speaking English as the first language and more than 430 million speaking it as a second language, there are English speakers in most countries around the world.
English is often called the international language of business. It is increasingly true as international trade expands every year. Most multinational companies require a certain degree of English proficiency from employees, so in order to get a position with a top company, more and more people are learning English.
If your ambitions lie in science or technology, you can’t neglect English either. Much of the technical terms are based on English words. If you want to learn about the latest developments and discoveries from around the world, you will read them in journals and research reports published in English. Of course, with good conversational English, you will be able to make important contacts at conferences and seminars.
If you want a career in travel, English is absolutely essential. As the international language of aviation, pilot and cabin crew all need to speak English. Even if you are not in the air, speaking English accurately will ensure you are able to communicate with suppliers and customers all over the world.
With all the English resources available on the Internet and so many other English speakers around the world to practise with, there has never been a better time to start learning English. Pick up a book, learn a few words, or even start a course today and take your first steps toward becoming one of nearly 800 million English speakers in the world.
(Source: Internet)
Statements T F NG
1. There are more people using English as a second or foreign language than the number of native speakers of English.
2. Most documents or contracts in international business are in English. 3. Directors of multinational companies are fluent in using English. 4. People works in science and technology should not lie about their English
skills.
5. Most of the technical terms are English words.
6. Journals and research reports are mostly published in English. 7. Most scientific conferences and seminars are very noisy because people speak
Chinese all the time.
8. There are a lot of resources in English that are available on the Internet. 9. Starting a course can make you become an English speaker. 10. Learning English little by little can help you be able to speak English. II. Read the passage and answer the questions.
English plays an important role in everyday life in India. In India with innumerable regional languages in different states, English serves as the common language in the country. Most office-goers know English, but many of them do not know other languages besides their mother-tongue or regional language. Thus, they communicate with each other in English for their everyday work.
The importance of English in education and student’s life cannot be denied. English remains a major medium of instruction in schools. There are large numbers of books that are written in the English language. English is an important language for inter-state communications. Modern India has many large states. People of each state converse in their own language and often cannot speak or understand the regional language of other people. In such cases, English becomes the link between these people. So, we cannot deny the importance of English in modern India.
There are some advantages of regional languages over English, but in spite of that there is the need for and importance of English in Indian life.
(Source: Internet}
1. What is the role of English in everyday life in India?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is English chosen as the official language in India?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. What do most office-goers use English for?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. What is the role of English in education?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why is English considered the link between people in India?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
III. Read the text, and mark the sentences T (true), F (false), or NG (not given). Correct the false ones.
All you need to know about English
If you were an alien and had time to learn only one language before your visit to the Earth, which language would you choose? English, of course.
Why not Chinese?
If you were only interested in talking to native speakers, Chinese would definitely be a better choice.
About 1.4 billion people speak Chinese as their first language, compared with only 400 million who speak English. However, Chinese wouldn’t help you very much if you weren’t in China, while you can usually find an English translation at major tourist sites and airports all around the world. If you needed information from the internet, English would be useful, too. About 56% of all webpages are in English. What’s more, English is an official language in fifty-four different countries, which together cover more than 28% of all the land on our planet.
So how many English speakers are there altogether?
About 1.8 billion, about a quarter of the world’s population. That includes native speakers, people who are fluent speakers in countries where English is an official language, like India, Nigeria, and Singapore, and all the people who have learned it as a foreign language at school.
What is English, anyway?
Several groups of people invaded England in the fifth century AD, from Germany and Denmark. We now call them the Anglo-Saxons. English developed from the different Germanic dialects that they spoke. Later, in the eleventh century, the Normans from northern France took control of England, and about 10,000 French words became part of the English language. English also took lots of words from Latin, and some words from ancient Greek and other languages.
How did it become such an important world language?
It started to spread around the world when British colonists went to live in North America in the seventeenth century, and later in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. The British also took control of parts of Asia, the Caribbean and Africa, and people there had to learn English. In the twentieth century, the spread of English continued because people wanted to do business with the USA. This was easier for people who spoke this country’s language: English.
Is English exactly the same around the world?
Not quite. American English has a few different spellings from British English, and a few small differences in grammar. People around the world speak with many different accents, and slang words are often different in different countries.
What's next for English?
If an alien were clever enough to reach the Earth, it would probably have amazing translation technology, too, and wouldn’t have to learn any of our languages. However, it will be a long time before our own technology can replace the need for language learning. English is becoming the main language for lessons in more and more schools and universities around the world, because people think that fluent English will be very important for young people when they look for jobs. In this century, at least, English as a global language is here to stay.
(Source: Internet)
Statements T F NG
1. More people speak Chinese as their first language than English.
2. There are 1.8 billion people who speak English as their first language.
3. English is an official language in Nigeria.
4. The Normans often spoke in Latin.
5. British people went to live in South Africa in the sixteenth century.
6. New technology will soon mean that people don’t have to learn foreign languages.
IV. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
Have you ever noticed advertisements which say “Learn a foreign language in 6 weeks, or your money back. From the first day your pronunciation will be excellent. Just send....” and so on? Of course, it never happens quite like that. One’s mother language is easier to learn, but it also requires a lot of practice. And
think how much practice that gets! Before the Second World War, people usually learned a foreign language in order to read the literature of the country.
Now speaking a foreign language is what most people want. Every year many millions of people start learning one. How do they do it? Some people try it at home, with books and records of tapes; some use radio or television programmes; some use computers and the network; others go to evening classes. If they use the language only 2 or 3 times a week, it will take a long time, like learning a foreign language at school. A few people try to learn the language fast by studying for 6 or more hours a day. It is clearly easier to learn the language in the country where it is spoken. However, most people cannot afford this, and for many it is not necessary. They need the language in order to do their work better. For example, scientists and doctors chiefly need to be able to read books and reports in the foreign language. Whether the language is learned quickly or slowly, it is hard work. Machines and good books will help, but they cannot do the student’s work for him.
(Source: Internet}
1. According to some advertisements, you ______________.
A. have to pay your money if you cannot master a foreign language in 6 weeks B. needn’t pay your money if you cannot learn a foreign language in 6 weeks C. must pay your money if you cannot master a foreign language in 6 weeks D. will be paid much money if you cannot learn a foreign language in 6 weeks 2. Now most people try to learn a foreign language in order to ______________.
A. read the literature of the country B. read books and reports
C. do their work better D. go to foreign countries
3. The best way to learn a foreign language is ______________.
A. to go to the country where the language is spoken B. to use machines and good books
C. to go to evening classes
D. to do as the advertisements tell you to
4. Learning a foreign language is a hard job ______________.
A. only for scientists and doctors B. only for the students at school C. for those people at home D. for most people
5. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A. It is very difficult to learn a language, including the native language.
B. Few people can afford to learn a foreign language in the country where it is spoken.
C. To learn one’s mother tongue also needs a lot of practice.
D. Machines and good books are useless for us to learn a foreign language.
V. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
Which English Will We Speak?
English is called an international language, but there are actually quite a few varieties of English that exist around the world. English originated in England, but soon English spread to other countries, and different varieties of English began to exist. Today, the countries in which English is spoken can be divided into three groups.
The first group is made of those countries where English is the primary language. These are countries like England, Canada, the United States, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. There are more than 380 million native speakers of English in these countries alone.
There is a second group of countries that have their own varieties of English. Their histories have been directly influenced by one of the early English-speaking societies. They use English in various important ways within their own government and everyday life. India, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Kenya are examples of this group. The total number of speakers in this group is in the hundreds of millions.
In a third group of countries, English is widely used as a foreign language. However, citizens use their native language within their own government and in everyday life. Some countries in this group are China, Russia, Japan, Korea, Brazil, Indonesia, and many Western European countries. Some people calculate the number of speakers in this group to be as many as one billion - and it is growing fast.
This changing situation raises many questions. Will another language replace English as the international language? If not, will people continue to use the English of countries such as England or the United States as models? Will new varieties of English develop in countries such as China or Brazil? Or, in the future, will a new international variety of English develop that doesn’t belong to any one country, but to an entire area like Asia or Europe?
(Source: Internet) Note: native language (n) = the first language you learned to speak
Task 1. Choose the correct answer for each question.
1. England, America, Canada, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand are countries where ___________.
A. people speak English as a foreign language B. English is the main language
C. people still use the type of English used in England D. English is the second language
2. In China and Brazil, English is widely used ______________.
A. in everyday life B. by the government C. as a foreign language D. in schools by students
3. The group that uses English as ______________has the most number of English speakers.
A. the mother tongue B. the first language C. the second language D. the foreign language 4. English originated in ______________.
A. England B. the United States C. Ireland D. New Zealand 5. In the second group, English is used in ______________.
A. English-speaking societies B. governmental offices only C. family life
D. public places
6. In the third group, ______________.
A. English is used to replace the native language B. English is used in everyday life
C. the number of English speakers is increasing quickly D. the countries belong to Asia and Europe
7. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The Philippines has its own variety of English.
B. English is widely used as a foreign language in Egypt.
C. The writer thinks English is easy to learn.
D. There will be a variety of English for each region.
8. Which sentence is the writer most likely to agree with?
A. English will stay in its current form for a long time.
B. No one knows if English will remain the international language.
C. Soon there will be more native speakers of English than non-native speakers.
D. Soon there will be more varieties of English in many regions.