wnt catenin pathway and catenin mutations

... of this pathway and how it interacts with other pathways [2,10-13] The wnt pathway is one of the computationally best-studied signaling pathways [14-16] The kinetics of β -catenin, axin, and other ... model of the wnt pathway itself, this model has been used and extended to examine the effect of Apc mutations on the wnt signaling pathway [10], cross-talk with the ERK pathway [11], and the interaction ... simulate the wnt pathway I first built the Lee-Heinrich model of the wnt pathway and reproduced the SS concentrations and several time course concentration curves, shown in Table and Figure in...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... oncogenic Wnt- 1 [13–15] The resulting C57MG ⁄ Wnt- 1 cells have been used in many studies to characterize the Wnt pathway and to identify novel Wnt target genes [16–20] The culture of C57MG ⁄ Wnt- 1 and ... type and on the level of interference with the Wnt pathway We conclude that the type of the trigger and the regulation level within the Wnt pathway decide about the gene expression pattern and ... trigger and the method of Wnt pathway activation For this, we tested the transcript levels after activation of the Wnt pathway by lithium or by Wnt- 3a We are aware that lithium influences several pathways...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 16:20

... McKeon and M Snyder for antibodies, and X He, F Costantini and J Graff for plasmids, J Kitajewsky for Rat-1 cells, R Nusse for L cells transfected with Wnt3 a, and J Martinez, Y Yoneda and M Yoshida ... ␤ -catenin pathway Volume 4, Article Itoh et al 3.5 Not only was the function of DsNLSm in the ␤ -catenin pathway impaired, but we found that this construct behaved as a dominant inhibitor of Wnt ... affect noncanonical signaling Besides the ␤ -catenin pathway, Dsh also functions in a planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, which involves Rho GTPase and JNK and controls morphogenetic movements in...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... dedifferentiation 15  1.3  Wnt/ β -catenin pathway 17  1.3.1  Association of Wnt/ β -catenin pathway with chondrocyte dedifferentiation 17  iii 1.3.2  Curcumin as a Wnt/ β -catenin antagonist ... chondrocyte numbers, and a preserved redifferentiation capacity of chondrocytes was observed (Mandl, van der Veen et al 2004) 1.3 Wnt/ β -catenin pathway 1.3.1 Association of Wnt/ β -catenin pathway with ... D1 and CD44 (Barker and Clevers 2000) Regulation of β -catenin is essential to ensure proper development and differentiation of many tissues (Barker and Clevers 2000) In the Wnt signaling pathway, ...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:38

... to review and evaluate associations between genes in the NER pathway and lung cancer risk, focusing on genes encoding five key enzymes in this pathway: XPA, ERCC1, ERCC2/XPD, ERCC4/XPF and ERCC5/XPG ... gene causes CS)) and XPV have been identified [6] XPA, ERCC3/XPB, ERCC2/XPD, ERCC4/XPF and ERCC5/XPG have a defect in TCR and GGR, while XPC and XPE have a defect in GGR only ERCC6 and ERCC8 are ... CS is limited to the TCR pathway As with XP, TTD involves mutations Materials and methods 2-1 Identification and eligibility of relevant studies 2-2 Data extraction and assessment of study quality...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2012, 14:59

... Key backbone hydrogen bonds between K12 and the side chains of N10 and Q64, which maintain the unusual Ramachandran angles for the K12 residue, and a Ramachandran scatter plot for the K12 residues ... examined N78T, N78I and N78D mutants The mutants had an appreciably lower kcat value and were signicantly less stable at elevated temperatures and in the presence of denaturants and proteolytic agents ... subunit A and residues in cyan are from subunit B of dimeric triosephosphate isomerase Critical interactions between AÂ and AÂÂ [the guanidine group and aromatic residues of PfTIM (R98 F102)] and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and its downstream effectors [23] This pathway is a key signal transducer of many growth factors and cytokines and has been implicated in the regulation ... Insulin is a polypeptide hormone that regulates glucose, lipid and protein metabolism and promotes cell growth and differentiation On ligand binding, the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase initiates ... inhibition and Nrf2 gene silencing The fold-increase in both HO-1 protein and mRNA in response to insulin was consistent, as well as being time and concentration dependent The role of the PI3K ⁄ Akt pathway...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... mass markers of 97, 66, 45, 31, 21 and 14 kDa Lanes and 3, G157D Lanes and 5, G376E Lanes 6, and 8, wild-type Fig Thermal denaturation of wild-type enolase and its variants, as monitored by the ... procedure of Shen and Westhead [28] with minor modifications [29]; or (b) PGA was synthesized enzymatically from ATP and glyceric acid [30] PhAH was synthesized according to Anderson and Cleland [14] The ... The G376E and G157D mutations in yeast enolase S Zhao et al conditions and is slowly eluted with TME buffer Based on the specific activity, SDS-PAGE and the ratios of absorbance at 280 and 260 nm,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... efficiencies of different siRNAs and related RNA molecules in inducing MMB defects asGFP, antisense strand of GFP; dsGFP, double-stranded GFP without 3¢-overhangs; sGFP, sense strand of GFP Embryos analyzed ... GFP sequence Singlestranded and double-stranded molecules without the characteristic features of siRNA did not affect the level of miR-430b, as compared to non-injected (WT) and buffer-injected ... levels of processed miRNAs and lethality Experimental procedures Isolation and analysis of genomic DNA and cDNA Two zebrafish eri1 expressed sequence tags (BQ285328 and BI888174), reported previously...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... (GABA) and small carboxylic esters Materials and methods Strains, media and growth conditions Aspergillus nidulans strains used in this study are listed in Table The references refer to the mutations ... Catabolism of L-proline and L-arginine does not lead to induction of the alc genes L-Proline and L-arginine can serve as sole carbon and nitrogen sources for A nidulans and both are catabolized ... conditions, RNA isolation and Northern blots were as described in Materials and methods Membranes were hybridized with 32P-labelled probes specific for the alcA, alcR, facA, facB and c-actin (acnA) genes...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... LOR, were also induced by the o2, fl1 and fl2 mutations and thus the LOR/SDH ratio did not exhibit major variations Discussion The opaque and floury mutations and their respective wildtype (Oh43+) ... at 16, 20 and 24 DAP, respectively), HSDH (5.24, 16.31 and 6.16 nmolÆmin)1Æmg)1 protein at 16, 20 and 24 DAP, respectively), LOR (2.05, 3.53 and 2.18 nmolÆmin)1Æmg)1 protein at 16, 20 and 24 DAP, ... these mutants using proteomic and enzymological approaches Experimental procedures Maize mutants Seeds of the mutant genotypes opaque (o1 and o2) and floury (fl1 and fl2) and the respective wild type,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:21

... Mitochondria play crucial functions in health and diseases and many mitochondrial disorders, that mainly affect tissues with high energy demands, result from mutations or deletions in the mitochondrial ... magnication 15 600ã) taken from random observations and found that the surface corresponding to mitochondria represents 11.2 2.3% and 18.8* 2.5% (*P < 0.05) for L929 and rho-L929 cells, respectively ... and activity of NRF-1 and Tfam in mtDNA-depleted cells A B C D E 5038 L Mercy et al Activity of YY1, Sp1, PPARc, MyoD, MEF2 and CREB in mtDNA-depleted cells Beside the crucial role of NRF-1 and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:21

... VHL gene and the identification of germline and somatic mutations of this gene in VHL patients and sporadic RCC Today, more than 400 germline mutations have been reported in VHL patients and about ... were fixed in formalin solution No mutations were found It has been postulated that sporadic and familial renal cell carcinomas have a common carcinogenic pathway and that at least one gene should ... hypothesis of an association between exposure to trichloroethylene and VHL mutations and the subsequent risk for RCC Materials and Methods Tumour samples Cases were recruited from the case-control...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... this equation, (Dx)1 and (Dx)2 represent the doses Dx of compounds and alone required to produce an effect, and (D)1 and (D)2 represent isoeffective doses D when compounds and are given simultaneously ... Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL are important inhibitors of apoptosis and frequently overexpressed in a variety of human tumors [2-7] Increased levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL have been associated with radioand chemoresistance ... destruction and represents an important regulatory mechanism for removing abundant and unwanted cells during embryonic development, growth, differentiation and normal cell turnover Radiation and most...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... pathway and Wnt/ β -catenin signaling, LIPUS may activate β -catenin signaling via the PI3K/Akt pathway As indicated in Figure 4c,d, the nuclear localization of β -catenin, as a marker of the β -catenin ... in this system, and the involvement of a mechano-transduction pathway via the integrin/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and of another signaling pathway via β -catenin was evaluated ... cells and β -catenin- positive cells ultrasound (LIPUS) group (US+) and the control group (US-), the numbers of cells with positively stained nuclei were compared for both (a) Ki67 and (b) β-catenin...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:23

... in Uganda J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001, 26(5):495-500 Galluzzo CM: Antiretroviral Resistance Mutations in Untreated Pregnant Women with HIV Infection in Uganda and Rwanda AIDS Research and ... citation purposes) AIDS Research and Therapy 2008, 5:13 Reports from Uganda [23,24], Rwanda [24], Mozambique [25] and Zambia [26] indicated a low prevalence of primary mutations associated with antiretroviral ... baseline prevalence of primary and secondary mutations in PR and RT that are associated with antiretroviral drug resistance in treatment-naive pregnant women living in Kagera and Kilimanjaro regions...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... lymphoma(MCL) and appears to promote tumorigenesis in MCL MCL tumors and cell lines highly and consistently expressed Wnt3 and Wnt1 0 Then, bcatenin was localized to the nucleus and transcriptionally ... including Wnt- 5a [23] In vivo, the fetal vessels of the placenta express Wnt- 2 [24] and the blood vessels of the mouse embryonic yolk sac express Wnt- 5a and Wnt- 10b [25] Other components of this pathway ... that Wnt signaling pathway is vital for tumor neovascularization and is a great potential in blocking tumor invasion and metastasis To further confirm the role of Wnt/ b -catenin signaling pathway...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 22:21

... the catheter and its stiffness We elected to use RF energy and minimized the number of catheters used and the number, power, and duration of the lesions By using this approach, safe and successful ... infancy [3-6], the risk of damage to the coronary arteries and intra-cardiac structures, and technical reasons (patient and catheter size and curves) [7] A large multi-center study by the Pediatric ... analyzed and interpreted the data from our patient and participated in the EP study MF was the cardiac surgeon who performed the operation and implanted the LCA into the aortic annulus TC suspected and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 23:20

... transcriptional factors, including NF-κB, CREB, C/EBPβ and AP-1, through the activation of multiple signaling pathways; for example, NF-κB, MAPK ERK1/2, p38 and PI3K pathways (reviewed in [1]) Materials RIAA ... the inhibition of GSK3 pathway (A) GSK-3α was incubated with RIAA (0, 5, 25 and 50 μg/ml) and the kinase activity was determined Data represent representative experiment and are expressed as % ... 25 and 50 μg/ml) and the kinase activity was determined Data represent representative experiment and are expressed as % activity (C) RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with RIAA (0, 1, 5, 10 and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:22

... cytokines and inhibit iNOS expression and NO release in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages by targeting the NFB activation pathway Materials And Methods Cell Culture and Sample Treatment The RAW264.7 ... phosphorylation and degradation (Fig 2D-F) and inhibited NFkB nuclear translocation (Fig 3C-D) The molecular pathways involved in the regulation of iNOS expression occur largely at a transcriptional level and ... curcumin and its hydrogenated metabolites through down-regulation of IkappaB kinase and NFkappaB activation in macrophages Biochem Pharmacol 2000, 60:1665-76 Kabe Y, Ando K, Hirao S, Yoshida M, Handa...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:22