wetland hydrology and water budget

... sustainability of groundwater and surface -water re‐ sources The book is divided into three sections, which address surface -water contaminant hydrology, groundwater contaminant hydrology and water resources ... Matjaž Tratnik and Marina Pintar Chapter Changing Hydrology of the Himalayan Watershed 221 Arshad Ashraf Chapter 10 Impact of Drought and Land – Use Changes on Surface – Water Quality and Quantity: ... industry and manufacturing, land application of municipal biosolids, landfills and associated leachates, livestock and aquaculture operations, domestic septic systems, latrine and vault toilets, and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20

... professional skill and software to understand data  L2, L3 data – processed data and converted into usable public formats  LANDSAT – land surface fluxes e.g NDVI, NDWI etc  ASTER – land surface fluxes, ... tes/Netherlands-Lattrop-site.html : Tower in the Netherlands  Typical measurements: radiation and microclimatic conditions, sap flow at various species, unsaturated zone moisture and matric potential and ... surface fluxes, Digital Elevation Model  GRACE – Water Storage, Gravity variation, Water      balance studies MODIS – land surface fluxes, derived land surface fluxes (emissivity, albedo, surface...

Ngày tải lên: 27/08/2014, 23:46

... Woodcroft water pollution control pond systems indicating water and sediment sampling sites PI1 main wetland inlet, PI2 secondary wetland inlet, PO wetland outlet, WI pond inlet, WO pond outlet 1±10 water ... the wetland and the pond, with out¯ow TTC and heterotrophic bacterial concentrations for the wetland, and with in¯ow and out¯ow concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria for the pond Physical and ... S.R and Elkins, B.V (1987) Survival of bacteria and viruses in municipal wastewater applied to arti®cial wetlands In Aquatic Plants for Water Treatment and Resource Recovery ed Reddy, K.R and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:20

... Stanturf and Palle Madsen Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment: A Watershed Perspective Edited by Wei Ji © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC WETLAND AND WATER RESOURCE MODELING AND ... which wetland losses are felt by society and the scale at which wetlands have traditionally been studied or managed The present book, Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment: A Watershed ... Ozesmi, S., and M Bauer 2002 Satellite remote sensing of wetlands Wetlands Ecology and Management 10:381–402 © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 12 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 18 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment Water Built-up Urban Welland Mud Beach Forest Grassland Bare Land Farmland Developing Urban Area (a) (b) FIGURE ... identified: (a) wetland and grassland/forest, (b) bare land and developing urban area, and (c) built-up area and muddy beach Figure 2.2 illustrates the special overlap between the built-up area and the ... image by masking out the water bodies Seven land cover types, including built-up area, wetland (with vegetation), grassland, forest, bare land, muddy beach, and farmland were identified 2.3.2...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 22 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment marsh vegetation and invasive species in fragmented coastal wetlands Schmidt and Skidmore (2003), for example, examined and tested ... residential and industrial land uses interspersed among expanses of landfills, marsh grass fields, tidal wetlands creeks, mudflats, and rivers (Figure 3.1) There are approximately Band 32 Band 17 Band ... Meadowlands (See color insert after p 162.) © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Mapping Salt Marsh Vegetation Using Hyperspectral Imagery 23 34 km2 of wetlands and open water within the Meadowlands,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 36 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment N W E S Water Body FIGURE 4.8 Vector map of Poyang Lake wetland 4.4 CONCLUSION The automatic and quick mapping method for discriminating land ... Mapping in the Poyang Lake Wetland 33 TABLE 4.1 Various ranges of different water and nonwater bodies in reflection Sample land cover Lake water Reservoir water Nonwater body Minimum Maximum Scope ... of the water body and land region on Band (Figures 4.2 and 4.4), a threshold value of 0.12 was applied to distinguish water and nonwater areas on the image of July 15, 1989, because Band (near-infrared...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 44 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment Communities need to accurately assess future water supply and demand if water limitations are to be minimized ... residential and commercial water use represent small segments of total water demand, but cities affect water quality As the population increases, costs for water treatment and acquisition increase; water ... recurrent water shortages Water demand (WD) represents the sum of all water use (WU) by each of the seven water use sectors within a watershed (equation 5.2): WD = ∑WUi i = − (5.2) Annual domestic water...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... distribution of the water budget in the red soil areas © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Evapotranspiration (mm) 66 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment G Fb Fm Fc Water surface evaporation ... 60 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment have rarely been undertaken in the red soil areas of China SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) (Arnold et ... forest and grass catchments 6.4.5 WATER SURPLUS-DEFICIT STATUS In the study area, rainfall is the water input, and water outputs include surface runoff, percolation, and evapotranspiration The water...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 72 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment IGBP Landuse BARREN OR SPARSELY VEGETATED CLOSED SHRUBLANDS CROPLAND/NATURAL VEGETATION MOSAIC CROPLANDS DECIDUOUS BROADLEAF ... understanding of modern forest hydrological and ecosystem processes has been derived from these watersheds © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 74 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment ... LLC 84 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment Worldwide forest hydrology studies in the past century demonstrated that the paired watershed approach is the best way to detect land cover...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... of surface flow, stormflow, and baseflow © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 98 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment REFERENCES Ambroise, B., K Beven, and J Freer 1996 Toward a ... topographic index bins, and Ai [L2] is the fractional catchment area corresponding to each bin © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 92 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment Evapotranspiration ... 90 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment The main objective of this study is to simulate streamflow and to estimate baseflow in a hilly forest...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... distributed watershed models of water and agricultural materials runoff and identifies their limitations, and then presents our resultant distributed model of water and material movement within a watershed ... include accumulation and melting of snow and ice, water budget, sediment transport, soil moisture, and temperature The water quality modules of the model include concentration and transport of nitrogen, ... AM 104 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment where DU = change in upper soil zone moisture storage over time interval Dt, s , u , and ep = average supply, upstream inflow, and potential...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... sources in both surface and subsurface waters to the Great Lakes watersheds The water quality 115 © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 116 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment model ... values, and nonvegetated areas yielding low or zero values The formula for calculating the NDVI is: NDVI = (TM Band − TM Band 3) / (TM Band + TM Band 3) (10.2) TM Bands and represent the red and ... 21% of the total land area, respectively Soils in the watershed consist mainly of loamy and silty clays and sands, and are poorly drained in much of the area Major crops in the watershed include...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... land use information Within the study area, the major vegetation types are rice field and wetland Thus, the corresponding land use types were classified into rice land, water, and forested wetland, ... 130 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment N H an jia nk Ri ve r Dongjing River Kint and Kou E114.3 N30.1 Ne ijin g River Hang Lake Yangtae ... Group, LLC 132 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment N # # 10 # 13 15 16 # # 17 18 # 7# 14 22 11 12 # # 21 # Lake.shp Outlets # Linking stream added Outlet Streams Subbasins Watershed...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... surrounding LULC and were classed to seven major categories: urban, agriculture, open land, water, golf course, forest, and wetland 12.2.5 LANDSCAPE PATTERN METRICS In many studies, landscape pattern ... AMONG LANDSCAPE METRICS AND WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS The landscape pattern metrics and slope were regressed against TP, TN, and TSS in SYSTAT 9.0 with water quality parameters (TP, TN, and TSS) ... 142 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment into the ground evaporates or transpires, and rain that was temporarily stored in depressions and tree canopies now rapidly...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... largest freshwater lake in China and an important international wetland with considerable ecosystem functions Regional economic development, deforestation, and soil erosion in the Xiushui watershed ... the WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project), and some are empirically orientated, such as the universal soil loss equation 153 © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 154 Wetland and Water Resource ... Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 156 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment basins, developed by Fournier (1960), was subsequently modified by the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... metrics This wetland disturbance axis (WDA) included metrics indicative of land use and land cover change (riparian land use, buffer width, distance to nearest wetland) , metrics indicative of hydrology ... metrics and the WDA for depressional (left), lacustrine (middle), and riverine (right) wetlands in the MRW 173 © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 174 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment ... 2002) The proportion of agricultural and urban land in wetland watersheds is a highly significant predictor of reduced water quality in wetlands (Crosbie and Chow-Fraser 1999, Lougheed et al...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... vegetation, the near-infrared band is the most useful in distinguishing the land -and- water boundary and ground vegetation (Zhen and Chen 1995, Tan et al 2004) Bands and of the MODIS images, whose ... follows: NDVI = (NIR − Red)/(NIR + Red) = (Band2 − Band1)/ (Band2 + Band1) The NIR and Red are are digital numbers (DNs) of the near-infrared band and red band, respectively The analysis showed that ... Group, LLC 186 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment REFERENCES Bernard, P., and L Antoine 2004 Principal component analysis: An appropriate tool for water quality evaluation and management-application...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... 188 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment FIGURE 16.1 Landsat TM images of Poyang Lake In the dry season the water level is relatively low and numerous shallow lakes ... the plant and tuber production of Vallisneria, and exports the results to GIS for analysis and visualization © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 192 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment ... Group, LLC 190 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment 16.2 ECOLOGY AND PRODUCTION OF VALLISNERIA The production ecology of Vallisneria in Poyang Lake has been studied by Wu and Ji (2002)...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... the dominance in each frequency band and compute their statistical distributions © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 204 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment Acoustic Signature ... 202 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment We define an ecosystem’s soundscape as the physical extent of acoustic signals and the spectral range of signal ... Francis Group, LLC 206 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessment natural reserve after it changed owners in 1996 Soon after that, the park became one of the primary nesting and mating areas...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20