viral pathogenesis and toll like receptors

... detailed and characterized the mechanisms of action of P-MAPA based on activation of mediators of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 signaling pathways and p53 in regulating angiogenesis and apoptosis ... Trang 1R E S E A R C H A R T I C L E Open AccessIncreased toll-like receptors and p53 levels regulate apoptosis and angiogenesis in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: mechanism of ... controls for standardization of the readings of band staining intensity The results were expressed as the mean ± standard de-viation of the ratio of each band’s intensity to β-actin band intensity

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2020, 10:06

... AccessEvolution of toll-like receptors in the context of terrestrial ungulates and cetaceans diversification Edson Ishengoma1,2*and Morris Agaba1,3 Abstract Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) ... seven Toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, TLR9 and TLR10) between giraffe and closely related species was determined In addition, comparison of the patterning of key TLR motifs and ... TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 TLR3 recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), TLR7 and TLR8 are activated upon contact with single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) while TLR9 recognizes CpG DNA from virus, fungi and other

Ngày tải lên: 24/11/2022, 17:43

... 36Cellular Receptors and Viral TropismNeal Nathanson and Kathryn V Holmes WHAT IS VIRAL TROPISM AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? Following viral infection there are many different patterns of localizationand ... WHAT IS VIRAL TROPISM AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? VIRAL ATTACHMENT AND ENTRY Cellular receptors for viruses Viral attachment proteins Viral entry TROPISM Tropism determined by cellular receptors ... chemokine receptors, can serve as corecep-tors and different CD4
cells – such as macrophagesand CD4
lymphocytes – express different coreceptors recep-Viral envelope Viral genome Viral receptor Viral

Ngày tải lên: 14/05/2019, 15:41

... (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) dependent fashion via Toll-like receptors aImmunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center ... Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands E-mail address: c.fernandez.lainez@umcg.nl (C Fern´andez-Lainez) ... presence and absence of MyD88 inhibitor Pepinh-MYD, or TRIF inhibitor Pepinh-TRIF during 6 h before stimulation with 2 mg/ml of short and long linear chain fructans (ITF I and II) and 0.5, 1 and 2

Ngày tải lên: 01/01/2023, 13:13

... Immunopathogenesis 1 Megha U Lokhande, Joaquín Miquel, Selma Benito and Juan-R Larrubia Chapter 2 Toll Like Receptors in Chronic Viral Hepatitis – Friend and Foe 41 Ruth Broering, Mengji Lu and ... expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are major sensors of viral infection in immune-specialized and non-specialized cells (Barton, 2007) HBV is able to suppress toll-like receptor-mediated ... primoinfection, and providing a mandatory environment for triggering efficient adaptive immune responses During hide and seek game of virus and host, one or more viral products get exposed and recognized

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 18:20

... health and disease J Immunol 2005, 174:4453-4460. 2 Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S: Toll-like receptors Annu Rev Immunol 2003, 21:335-376. 3 Barton GM, Medzhitov R: Toll-like receptors and their ligands. ... PJ: Tissue expression of human Toll-like receptors and differential regulation of Toll-Toll-like receptor mRNAs in leukocytes in response to microbes, their products and cytokines J Immunol 2002, ... includes myeloid and pDCs, macrophages and MZ-B cells in mice, and pDCs, MZ-B cells and memory B cells in humans, which can respond directly and without priming to both single-stranded and more complex

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... a critical role in host protection and employs an array of receptor molecules, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain, leucine-rich ... abbre-viated to NLR), retinoic acid-inducible gene-like receptors and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) Pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), which serve to alert and activate the defence system, are highly ... drosophilae, mammals and plants The Toll family of proteins share homology in their signalling domains with IL-1RI; this family includes Drosophila Toll, plant R proteins, and mammalian TLRs and NLRs CARD,

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... den, Radstake TRDJ: The expression of Toll-like receptors 3 and 7 in rheuma-toid arthritis synovium is increased and costimulation of Toll-like receptors 3, 4, and 7/8 results in synergistic cytokine ... LAB, Berg WB van den: Expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in rheumatoid syno-vial tissue and regulation by proinflammatory cytokines inter-leukin-12 and interleukin-18 via interferon-γ ... RP105-deficient mice RP105 +/+ (n = 18, 11 males and 7 females) and RP105 -/- (n = 22, 11 males and 11 females) mice were immunized with CII and IFA on days 0 and 21, and signs of arthritis were monitored

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... enhances the expression of Toll-like Receptor 4 gene in cultured cardiomyocytes via Kou-Gi Shyu1,2, Bao-Wei Wang3, Chiu-Mei Lin4, Hang Chang4* Abstract Background: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays ... Cyclic stretch enhances toll-like receptor 4 protein and mRNA expression in cultured cardiomyocytes To test the effect of cyclic stretch on the TLR4 expres-sion, 10% and 20% of cyclic stretch ... also increased Ang II and TNF-a receptors protein expression in cardiomyocytes This finding indi-cates that cyclic stretch could induce activations of Ang II and TNF-a receptors in cardiomyocytes

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are human counterparts of Toll receptors in the fruit fly,Drosophila, which are ori-ginally implicated in the regulation of dorsoventral polarity, synaptogenesis, and ... Chih-Hao Chen6, San-Cher Chen7and Ming-Hong Tai5,7* Abstract Background: Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR-3) is a critical component of innate immune system against dsRNA viruses and is expressed in the central ... TLRs are also expressed in glia and neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), which may recog-nize endogenous ligands and participate both in devel-opment and in responses associated with

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:20

... Toll-like receptor 4 and 9 activation in human alveolar and lung interstitial macrophages Jessica Hoppstädter1, Britta Diesel1, Robert Zarbock1, Tanja Breinig2, Dominik Monz3, Marcus Koch4, Andreas ... airways and the alveoli and is specialized for antigen presentation and accessory function [4,8,9] A study using mouse models only recently revealed that IM are able to inhibit maturation and migration ... (LPS, TLR4), bacterial flagellin (TLR5), viral RNA (TLR3, 7 and 8) as well as bacterial DNA (TLR9) [10] In order to investigate the role of AM and IM in the pathogenesis of human lung disease, aim

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:22

... also affects leukocytes in bone marrow and peripheral blood Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a receptor for unmethylated CpG dinucleotides found in bacterial and viral DNA The present study was designed ... AccessResearch Expression of Toll-like Receptor 9 in nose, peripheral blood and bone marrow during symptomatic allergic rhinitis Address: 1 Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Allergy Research, ... obtained before and after allergen challenge Bone marrow, peripheral blood and nasal lavage fluid were sampled outside and during pollen season The expression of TLR9 in tissues and cells was analyzed

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... fibroblasts and myo-fibroblasts are capable of secreting inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and CC che-mokine ligand 2 (CCL-2), important inflammatory media-tors in SSc pathogenesis ... 54:1961-1973. 16 Medzhitov R: Toll-like receptors and innate immunity Nat Rev Immunol 2001, 1:135-145. 17 Matsumoto M, Seya T: TLR3: interferon induction by double-stranded RNA including poly(I:C) ... production of T-cells, B-cells and dendritic cells Among the critical immunoregula-tory functions of IFN is its ability to stimulate the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on dendritic cells

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22

... lung injury and repair by Toll-like receptors and hyaluronan Nat Med 2005, 11:1173-1179. 9 Pulskens WP, Teske GJ, Butter LM, Roelofs JJ, van der Poll T, Florquin S, Leemans JC: Toll-like receptor-4 ... stress and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling as a key pathway of acute lung injury Cell 2008, 133:235-249. 15 Gill R, Tsung A, Billiar T: Linking oxidative stress to inflammation: Toll-like receptors ... endotoxin (Groups B and D), or cortisol plus endotoxin (Groups C and E), as detailed in the Materials and methods section PBL samples obtained from surgical ICU patients ≤5 days, and ≤12 days post-admission

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 21:21

... adaptive immunity 2 1.2 Comparison of different DC subsets 8 1.3 Toll-like receptors and their ligands 21 1.4 Phagocytic receptors for microbes 29 2.2 Reverse transcription reaction mixture ... SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION BY DENDRITIC CELLS: INTERPLAY BETWEEN TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR AND FCG RECEPTOR WU XIAOWEI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2006 Trang 2INVESTIGATION OF INTERLEUKIN 1B SYNTHESIS AND ... stream and tissue fluids (Medzhitov and Janeway, 1997) The cell surface PRRs includes two major classes (Aderem and Underhill, 1999; Janeway and Medzhitov, 1998): (i) those that capture pathogens and

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2015, 17:01

... vaccines and antiviral therapies against EV71, it is important to understand the pathogenesis of EV71 infection Autophagy is a biological process involving the degrad-ation of aggregated proteins and ... mice reduced EV71-related pathogenesis and viral replication Seven-day-old pfu/mouse) (A) The body weight and disease symptoms were monitored daily after inoculation for 6 and 7 days, respectively ... in (A), and the brain tissues of the mice were weighed and immersed in DMEM medium containing 2% FBS (with equal volume) at 12 hr p.i., and viral titer was determined by plaque assay The viral

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2022, 09:23

... 2010;14:787–96. 34 Peng SL Signaling in B cells via Toll-like receptors Curr Opin Immunol 2005;17:230–6. 35 Krieg AM, Vollmer J Toll-like receptors 7, 8, and 9: linking innate immunity to autoimmunity ... interleukin 10 and Toll-like receptor 9 signalling in B cell proliferation: implications for lymphoma pathogenesis Int J Cancer 2017;104:1147–58. 74 Arunkumar N, Liu C, Hang H, Song W Toll-like receptor ... lymphocytic leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia Scand J Immunol 2015;82:307–19. 10 Chiron D, Bekeredjian-Ding I, Pellat-Deceunynck C, Bataille R, Jego G Toll-like receptors: lessons to

Ngày tải lên: 04/12/2022, 10:36

... receptors TLR7 and TLR9 in IFNAR2-/- mice Activationof Toll- like receptors TLR7 and TLR9 in IFNAR2-/- mice (a) B cells were purified from pristane-treated wild-type (WT) or IFNAR2-/- mice, and proliferation ... Expression of Toll- like receptors TLR7 and TLR9 in IFNAR2-/- B cells cells (a) B cells were purified from wild-type (WT) or IFNAR2-/- mice using magnetic beads RNA was extracted and the relative ... dependent on the TAM receptors [29] and both SOCS1-/- and TAM receptor triple-knockout mice develop spontaneous lupus -like autoimmunity [49,50] The expressions of the TAM receptors themselves...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... Non-Microbial Acute inflammation Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity Toll- like receptors (TLRs) NOD -like receptors (NLRs) RIG -like receptors (RLRs) CD4 and CD8 T cells Antigen-specific B cells DEFICIENT innate ... mediated by Toll- like receptor Nature 2001, 410(6832):1099-1103 Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA: Recognition of doublestranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll- like receptor ... Species-specific recognition of singlestranded RNA via toll- like receptor and Science 2004, 303(5663):1526-1529 Erridge C: Endogenous ligands of TLR2 and TLR4: agonists or assistants? J Leukoc...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... 165:5392-6 Wetzler LM: The role of Toll- like receptor in microbial disease and immunity Vaccine 2003, 21(Suppl 2):S55-S60 Dabbagh K, Lewis DB: Toll- like receptors and T-helper-1/Thelper-2 responses ... stimulated with TLR ligands or Th1 and Th2 cytokines was investigated We could demonstrate that among the different TLR ligands evaluated poly(I:C), an analog of viral dsRNA and a ligand for TLR3, is ... Receptor small expression in unstimulated and stimulated Toll- like5 primary (TLR) airway epithelial cells (SAEC) Toll- like Receptor (TLR) expression in unstimulated and stimulated primary small airway...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:21