utilization of anaphora in machine translation

... countries, investigating in Loss and Gain in translation is of great importance b Equivalence in translation theory c Decoding and recoding d Untranslatability 2.2.1.3 Meaning and types of meaning ... Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF DANANG TRẦN THỊ MAI LÊ AN INVESTIGATION INTO LOSS OF MEANING IN THE TRANSLATION PROCESS AS MANIFESTED IN THE VIETNAMESE VERSION OF THE ... to loss or gain in meaning During the translation, meaning can be lost or gained because of linguistic features or non-linguistic features or others 2.2.4 Linguistic Features in Translation

Ngày tải lên: 14/05/2016, 18:39

... Trends in FDI flows in textile and aррarel industrу 27 2.2 International exрeriences in enhancing the utilization of FDI in textile and aррarel industrу 30 2.2.1 Exрeriences in utilizing FDI ... (direct investor) with the objective of establishing a lasting interest in an enterрrise resident in an economу other than that of the investor (direct investment enterрrise) “Lasting interest” ... requirements at the beginning In summarу, in sрite of having intense rivalrу among existing comрetitors, the textile and aррarel industrу is relativelу attractive in term of long-term рrofit рotentials

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2020, 18:51

... (TL)” Pinkchuck (1977:38) also definite that Translation is a process of finding a TL equivalent for a SL utterance From the 3 definitions, translation can be defined as a process of transferring ... 97011501032 5 2.1 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS 2.1.1 Translation According to Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries, “Translation” is “the process of changing something that is written or spoken into another language” ... DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS 5 2.1.1 Translation 5 2.1.2 Translation and Interpretation 6 2.1.3 Translation process 8 2.1.4 Pre-translation 10 2.1.5 While – translation 12 2.1.6 Post – translation

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2022, 22:26

... Exploring the use of machine translation resources for englishjapanese cross-language information retrieval In In Proceedings of MT Summit VII Workshop on Machine Translation for Cross Language Information ... Philipp Koehn, Christof Monz, and Josh Schroeder 2009 Findings of the 2009 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation In Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, pages ... Hopkins University Franz Josef Och 2003 Minimum error rate training in statistical machine translation In ACL ’03: Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics,

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... aspects of machine translation for document translation MT may be studied in the future in connection to other difficulties such as employing different online translation tools for business or gaining ... Human translation versus machine translation and full post- editing of raw machine translation output Unpublished MA Dissertation, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.Harper, K E (2018) Machine ... text6 Which of these following problems do you often face in translating texts by machine translation tools?Lengthy expression Lack of vocabularies Lack of Naturalness InconsistencyInappropriate

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2024, 22:07

... specifically fluidization engineering of ultrafine and superfine The circulating systems including submicron (superfine and ultrafine) powders are fluidized in a new circulating fluidized bed with ... Emad A Abdelghany hold a Ph.D in Chemical Engineering from Gunma University, Japan in 2004 in the field of fluidization engineering He is interested in research focusing on particle technology, ... solution using a fixed-bed adsorber A longer delay in the occurrence of breakpoint in the case of F400 (62 min) was observed than that of PAC2 (45.5 min) Thus, more MB solution can be treated using

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... Background I TRANSLATION 1 Concepts of Translation and Equivalence in translation 5 1.1 Concepts of translation 5 1.2 Concepts of equivalence in translation 8 2 Methods of translation 8 3 Types of ... Aims of the study Trang 6- Giving the general overview of terminology and methods applied in translation of terminology - Helping the readers have more understanding of English law terminology in ... and professional translation version Thus, in the initial stage of translation learning, I myself find it extremely hard to deal successfully with terminology arising in the English version In reality,

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55

... results in no generation of protein isoforms The 5¢-UTR of eukaryotic mRNA influences the initiation step of protein synthesis and thereby in part determines the translational efficiency of the ... indicate intron of 75 bp in fragments B and C, 3¢ portion of 35 bp in intron in fragments C and D, and 3¢ portion of 25 bp in intron in fragments F and I The number at the right of each RT-PCR ... v-shaped lines in RT-PCR amplified fragments A–J indicate regions that are removed by splicing, whereas a dashed line in exon of fragment C represents a deletion of 39 bp The thick lines indicate intron

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... models. In Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meet- ing of the ACL, pages 440–447, Hongkong, China, Oc- tober. Franz Josef Och. 2003. Minimum error rate training for statistical machine translation. In ... state-of-the-art for do- main adaptation in machine translation. 1 Introduction Statistical machine translation (SMT) systems re- quire large parallel corpora in order to be able to obtain a reasonable ... multiple translation models. We compare the results of ensemble decoding with a number of baselines for domain adaptation. In addition to the basic approach of concatenation of in-domain and out-of-domain

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... corpus for statistical machine translation In MT Summit X. statistical machine translation In Proceedings of HLT/NAACL-2004 – Companion Volume, pages 57– 60. Einat Minkov, Kristina Toutanova, and ... statistical machine translation. In Proceedings of Statistical Machine Translation Workshop at the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 25–32. Kemal Oflazer ... description of Turk-ish morphology Literary and Linguistic Comput-ing, 9(2):137–148. Kemal Oflazer 2008 Statistical machine translation into a morphologically complex language In ceedings of the Conference

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... size combination, built states are main-tained in sorted order according to their inside score This ordering allows us to stop combin-ing states early when the results are fallcombin-ing off the ... Linguis-tics. Colin Cherry and Dekang Lin 2007 Inversion trans-duction grammar for joint phrasal translation mod-eling In Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of ... mod-els In Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Matti K¨a¨ari¨ainen 2009 Sinuhe—statistical machine translation using a globally trained conditional

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... Linguis-tics. Franz Josef Och 2003 Minimum error rate training in statistical machine translation In Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Association for Compu-tational Linguistics, pages 160–167, ... Eugene Charniak, Kevin Knight, and Kenji Yamada. 2003 Syntax-based language models for statistical machine translation In Proceedings of MT Summit IX. Intl Assoc for Machine Translation. David ... language modeling In Proceedings of ICASSP, pages 37–40, Honolulu, HI, April. Andrew Finch and Eiichiro Sumita 2009 Bidirectional phrase-based statistical machine translation In Pro-ceedings of the

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... decrease of 0.3 BLEUpoints with an out-of-domain LM, and an increase of 0.4 BLEU points with an adapted LM The out-of-domain training data has a larger positive effect if less in-domain data is ... domain adaptation re-search in that we do not rely on a binary clustering of in-domain and out-of-domain training data We demonstrate that perplexity minimization scales well to a higher number of ... 2010. Discriminative instance weighting for domain adap-tation in statistical machine translation In Proceed-ings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20

... aim of this investigation involves the most efficient manipulation of such sentences in a recog- nition device for Russian-English MT. Concerning the Role of Sub-Grammars in Machine Translation ... part of an investigation of informa- tion processing in dyadic systems, aimed toward the reclassification of pathological communication. ASSOCIATION FOR MACHINE TRANSLATION 37 Design of ... American dictionaries on the basis of a random sample of 500 words. Writing of Chinese Recognition Grammar for Machine Translation Ching-yi Dougherty University of California, Berkeley Our approach

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... indicates an important role of the TRB chain in fine-tuning TR affinity of Melan-A-specific T cells of melanoma patients and argues against the hypothesis that high affinity TRs against self-Ags, like ... were compared using particular BV or BVBJ combinations Of clinical relevance, the Glycine-Leucine-Glycine motif was detected in lymphocytes obtained from untreated patients, representing spontaneous ... preferentially involved in the interaction between TR and Melan-A Looking in depth at the peculiar features of TR-Melan-A interaction, we found a biased utilization of TRBJ1-5 segment and a 3-amino acid-long

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... results in a 100-fold increase in virus yield Mutational analyses of 3CDpro indicated that RNA binding by the 3Cpro domain and the integrity of interface I in the 3Dpol domain of the protein are ... maturation of the virus particles are dependent on the presence of an intact RNA binding site within the 3Cpro domain of 3CDpro In addition, the integrity of interface I in the 3Dpol domain of 3CDpro ... resulting in a striking increase in the specific infectiv-ity of the virus particles produced Both of these processes are dependent on the RNA binding activity of the protein in the 3Cpro domain

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... percentage of increase of LF/HF ratio No sign 750-Intv 3500-Intv. Female 0.67 0.56 0.67 Table 3: Driving frequency and percentage of increase of LF/HF rati o No sign 750 3500 "Yes" including ... use of that measure as an index for psychological load in a VR environment has been proposed a number of times in previous research Of course there are many difficulties involved in determining ... the method of electrocardio-gram recording and defined the index of activity of the autonomic nervous system and, finally, summarized the relationship between the index and the activity of the autonomic

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... five of the same clinics eight years after PMTCT was introduced and in a setting where all of the clinics included in the study had implemented PMTCT with routine counselling and testing in their ... antenatal care in all of the participating clinics; one of the urban clinics was part of the pilot project of the PMTCT pro-gramme in 2000; the other two urban clinics started with PMTCT in 2004, and ... were integrated when interpreting the results. 8 in-depth interviews with mothers 5 in-depth interviews with nurse counsellors 4 observations of PMTCT counsellings 1) Assessment of the utilization

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20

... changing clinical behavior. Chart audits will determine the utilization of outcome measures (counts). Incorporation of outcome measures into clinical reasoning will be assessed using an innovative ... rigorous measurements of knowledge, utilization, and clinical reasoning, providing deeper understanding of knowledge transfer. Finally, we felt that the generalizability of our findings would be broad ... importance of potential pre- dictors of change, including characteristics of clinicians (years of practice, highest degree, Readiness To Change), practice settings (practice type, caseloads, years of

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:22

... [5,6]. However the elimination of intronic sequences can significantly reduce protein yield because the process of splicing promotes the translation of intron- containing genes [7-10]. This activity ... multiprotein complex that is deposited at exon junctions as a consequence of splicing [11,12]. The elimination of intronic sequences can reduce protein yield in a range of a factor of 2 to 30 ... improving efficiency of transgene expres- Genomic structure of self-inactivating lentiviral vectors that lack or contain PCE translation enhancerFigure 1 Genomic structure of self-inactivating

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:21