transforming intermediate quality links into good links

... abnormal load events” (NIST, 2006) These unforeseen events typically stress the structural system into the inelastic response Therefore, material and geometry nonlinear analysis is prerequisite ... The proposed slab model can simulate the ultimate and post-ultimate capacities of floor slab with good accuracy A numerical example studied in chapter shows that omission of floor slab can greatly ... accurate nonlinear analysis The author concluded that nonlinear analysis provides better insight into structural behavior and should only be used for special and important structures, where else...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:10

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 09:15

... contradiction Therefore, inequality (3.22) is true n VxERR/i/ The construction of X(t) is always possible because of theorem 3.3, namely one can choose X(t) = Vt and the inequality (3.19) is always ... assumed that the Page closed loop system without the saturations (the linear system) is stable with "good" properties do(t) d i(t) r(t) + Compensator +| us(t) U(t) e(t) Saturation y(t) Plant Figure ... such a case, the best that can be done is to find X(t) such that the states x(t) will be driven into BA,C as soon as possible With the X(t) defined as above let us examine some properties of the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 10:20

... described previously [10] These experiments were performed in tandem cuvettes containing 20 lM FNRox into which aliquots of mM Adxox were added stepwise Steady-state kinetic measurements Reactions ... mixture to allow Adx reduction via the NADPH prereduced FNR Simultaneously, CO-gas was bubbled into the cell through a capillary syringe (for 20 min) to reach CO-saturation After recording a ... Photophysics as described previously [10,26] Samples were made anaerobic before being introduced into the stopped-flow syringes FNR species were reduced by preincubation with an excess of NADPH...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20

... these have been analysed correctly? Theories of syntax are well developed and may provide us with a good taxonomy of syntactic phenomena, but we not have similar classifications of key pragmatic requirements ... that users ideally require to carry out a database retrieval task, we then input these sentences into a NL system linked to the database The target requirements are therefore evaluated against ... which together satisfied a series of requirements, and they did this by typing English sentences into the machine They were not told exactly what information the database contained, nor about the...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

... Equation (9-28) 588 Drain Systems 589 Information Required for Design 590 Effluent Quality 590 Influent Water Quality 591 Produced Water 591 Soluble Oil 592 Deck Drainage 592 Equipment Selection ... production facility is to separate the well stream into three components, typically called “phases” (oil, gas, and water), and process these phases into some marketable product(s) or dispose of them ... injected into disposal wells or used for waterflooding In any case, water from the separators must be treated to remove small quantities of produced oil If the water is to be injected into a disposal...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 16:08

... ⎢ f ,j f ,j ⎢ ⎢ C f ,jA f ,jB f ,j =⎢ ⎢ ⎢ (12) By applying the lifting technique and taking into account the fact that the output of the jth band is s j (k) = Ch, j xh (k) + D h, j p(k), k ... 2 (30) Moreover, its value is bounded by a prescribed scalar γ if and only if the following inequality holds: ⎤ CT −P AT P ⎢ ⎥ ⎢PA −P PB ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ B T P −γI D T ⎥ < ⎣ ⎦ C D −γI ⎡ (31) Then the ... is to be made It is worth pointing out that the overall reconstruction performance is not very good for the example mainly due to the significant frequency overlapping of the three transmitters...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... slabs as follows: a) nominal continuity reinforcement over intermediate supports, for simple spans; b) full continuity reinforcement over intermediate supports, for continuous spans and for cantilevers; ... Lp/180 (but # 20 mm) when the effects of ponding are not taken into account; b) Lp/130 (but # 30mm) when the effects of ponding are taken into account, i.e the weight of additional concrete due to ... supported, with nominal reinforcement over intermediate supports in accordance with 6.8; or b) continuous, with full continuity reinforcement over intermediate supports in accordance with BS...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 22:20

... of the two channels or heads (3) and their respective channel covers (4) The tubes are expanded into both tube sheets and are equipped with transverse baffles (5) on the shell side for support ... The baffles are held securely by means of baffle spacers, which consist of throughbolts screwed into the tube sheet and a number of smaller lengths of pipe that form shoulders between adjacent ... general importance Impingement baffles are placed opposite the shell-side inlet nozzle The flow into the shell hits the impingement baffle and is dispersed around the tubes, rather than impinging...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... series through each of the two shells In this configuration, the central tube is bent or welded into a "U" shape, with the U-bend inside the return bonnet, The principal advantage to this configuration ... exchanger is the hairpin style of exchanger In the hairpin exchanger, multiple small tubes are bent into a "U" shape in place of the single central tube This variation allows for more surface area ... encountered in oil and gas production facilities as long as the required surface area can be fit into the physical configuration of the exchanger Although they can be built in almost any size,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... temperature with chemical inhibition, or dehydrating the gas so that water vapor will not condense into free water It is also feasible to design the process so that if hydrates form they can be melted ... is important for determining whether hydrate formation can be expected when the gas is expanded into the flow lines The temperature at the wellhead can change as the reservoir conditions or production ... gas to determine a new equilibrium temperature THERMODYNAMIC INHIBITORS Chemicals can be injected into the production stream to depress the likelihood of significant hydrate formation A therrnodynamic...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... to any separator, the lower the partial pressure of intermediate components in the gas phase of the separator, and the greater the number of intermediate component molecules that flash to gas ... have a higher value as liquid than as gas Crude oil streams typically contain a low percentage of intermediate components Thus, it is not normally economically attractive to consider other alternatives ... temperature is more important than stabilizing the liquid and may require the flashing of both intermediate and heavy components to the gas stream *Reviewed for the 1999 edition by Conrad F Anderson...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... area into the downcomers Because the liquid does not flow across the trays, it misses contact with the vapor, and the separation efficiency drops dramatically Trays are generally divided into ... and the quality of the liquid distributors mounted above the packed bed Vapor distribution is controlled by the internal vapor/liquid traffic, by the type of packing employed, and by the quality ... condenser The colder the condenser, the purer the product and the larger the percentage of the intermediate components that will be recovered in the separator and kept from going out with the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... and dehydrated to pipeline quality In general, this process is used for bulk removal of CO2 and is not used to treat to less than 3% CO2, as may be required for pipeline quality gas, The system ... stripping column by heating the rich MEA to approximately 245°F at 10 psig The acid gases evolve into the vapor and are removed from the still overhead Thus, the MEA is regenerated, The normal ... requires special design features, larger absorbers, and higher circulation rates to obtain pipeline quality and usually is not economically applicable for these outlet requirements Figure 7-6 Physical...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... or contactor inlet stream and injected into the reboiler The stripping gas can be taken from the fuel stream or the contactor inlet stream and injected into the reboiler The "leaness" of the ... condenser tube bundle with cold rich gas from the contactor is inserted either into the vapor space at the reboiler or into a separate separator This creates a "cold finger" in the vapor space The ... limited to 400°F, which limits the maximum lean glycol concentration without stripping gas It is good practice to limit reboiler temperatures to between 370°F and 390°F to minimize degradation...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... moving to the left (Figure 8-19), dry glycol is drawn into the left cylinder and discharged from the one at the right Wet glycol is drawn into the right cylinder and discharged from the left cylinder ... per pound of water removed An excessive circulation rate may overload the reboiler and prevent good glycol regeneration The heat required by the reboiler is directly proportional to the circulation ... the contactor when using a glycol powered pump Sufficient contactor gas is automatically drawn into the wet glycol line to power the pump at the rate set by the speed control valves This gas,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... separate the components that are to be recovered from the gas into an NGL stream It may then be desirable to fractionate the NGL stream into various liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) components of ethane, ... (0 to 25 psig) They often discharge at low pressure (50 to 300 psig) into the suction of a booster or flash gas compressor or into a low-pressure gas gathering system that gathers gas from several ... describes the basic processes used to separate LPG and NGL liquids from the gas and to fractionate them into their various components It is beyond the scope of this text to discuss detailed design of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... (Figure 10-9 in 1st Edition) A number of vanes, typically from to 20, fit into slots in a rotating shaft The vanes slide into and out of the slots as the shaft rotates and the volume contained ... tend to have more vanes than low-ratio compressors A relatively large quantity of oil is injected into the flow stream to lubricate the vanes This is normally captured by a discharge cooler and ... bhp • Discharge pressures to 400 psig • Single- or two-stage in tandem on same shaft Advantages • Good in vacuum service • No pulsating flow • Less space • Inexpensive for low hp vapor recovery...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20