thermal performance of freezing processes

... properties of the nanofluid, the viscosity of the nanofluids was measured and compared with that of the DI water Figure shows the measured Figure Viscous properties of nanofluids and DI water Page of ... greater viscosity of the nanofluid The measured values of the thermal conductivity of nanofluids and DI water are also listed in Table The thermal conductivity of nanofluid with gold nanoparticles ... fraction of nanoparticles in nanofluid is small Based on the measured viscosity and thermal conductivity of the nanofluids, the physical properties of gold nanofluid are almost the same as those of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... value) % l1 Thickness of insulation having a thermal conductivity of 0.05 W/(m2·K) on water or steam backed surfaces l2 Mf Thickness of insulation having a thermal conductivity of 0.05 gas-backed ... rated output of boiler based on gross calorific value of fuel kW mH O Qnet QR net Rate of heat input at rated output of boiler based on net calorific value of fuel kW Actual rate of heat input ... pressure of steam in boiler Mean temperature of steam or flow water Mean temperature of feed or return water Moisture content of fuel, mH2 o Carbon content of ashes and riddlings, a1 Carbon content of...

Ngày tải lên: 28/09/2014, 23:11

... transfer performance Heidary and Kermani [49] analyzed the thermal performance of nanofluids in wavy microchannels and claimed that nanofluids perform better in terms of thermal 18 performance ... like thermal management of LEDs [3], lasers [4] and micro-scale heat exchangers [5] 1.1 Motivation 1.1.1 Thermal challenges of electronics Moore’s law is closely related to thermal management of ... number of layers Considering the physical configuration of 3D IC stacks, Figure 1-3, liquid cooling is among the very few options for thermal management of such designs Figure ‎ -3 Schematic view of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:20

... 6.45 Thermal comfort of various facade designs with north wind direction 171 Figure 6.46 Thermal comfort of various facade designs with south wind direction 171 Figure 6.47 Thermal comfort of ... frequency of occurrence of particular wind conditions in Feb 197 Figure App.1.2 The frequency of occurrence of particular wind conditions in Mar 197 Figure App.1.3 The frequency of occurrence of ... frequency of occurrence of particular wind conditions in May 198 Figure App.1.5 The frequency of occurrence of particular wind conditions in Jun 198 Figure App.1.6 The frequency of occurrence of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 13:58

... support 3.1.2 Processes The role of knowledge management processes is not consistent Some studies recognized both knowledge capabilities and processes as antecedents of organizational performance ... performance can be thought of as the output of knowledge processes that encourages these aspects Thus, improvements of knowledge processes could lead to better organizational performance (Davenport, ... development of performance indicators that considered both financial and operational issues.Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing DOI: 10.1002/hfm CAPABILITIES, PROCESSES, AND PERFORMANCE OF KNOWLEDGE...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 00:20

... distributions of properties and performance of a single CFCC for a large statistical sample for design purposes, and ) t o provide statistical distributions of properties and performance of a single ... and modulus of toughness Results Because of the nature of the round robin, confidentiality of the identities of the participating laboratories is preserved, except for the University of Washington, ... complexity of parts increase, properties tend to decrease because of the difficulty of replicating ideal processing conditions in curved or transitional regions or in the vicinity of unique out -of- plane...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:41

... Tukey’s test Effects of desiccation and freezing on seedlings 65 after three hours of freezing followed by a relatively high rate of increase after 24 and 48 h After 24 hours of freezing all plants ... hours of freezing all plants had a REL of almost 70%, similar to 24 hours desiccation treatment Ψroot and RMC of all species were unaffected by freezing treatments (figure 3b,c) 3.2 Influence of ... The duration of freezing at –5 °C increased the REL values of all species, while minor changes occurred for RMC and Ψroot (figure 3a) Freezing for hours caused a sharp increase in REL of A pseudoplatanus,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21

... Under moderate thermal stress, measures of skin temperature are the most often-used indicators of thermal perceptions However, due to the lack of any direct physiological indicators of cognitive ... estimates that effect of a change of 0.1 met of activity rate on thermal sensation is equivalent to that of a 1.0°C change of air temperature, indicating that a slight increment of activity rate may ... lack of attention are some of the reasons for impairment of performance When task difficulty is a variable, the invertedU shape of arousal hypothesizes that there is an optimum level of performance...

Ngày tải lên: 15/09/2015, 17:10

... limit, Maximum no of runs, Number of times to randomise weights, Size of training, test and validation sets) Topology (Number of inputs neurons, Number of hidden layers, Number of hidden neurons ... the N m −1 neurons of the previous layer by a set of weights ωij , j = N m −1 The output y im of the neuron I i belonging to the layer m is a function of the weighted sum of the output coming ... some of the restrictive assumptions of the earlier statistical models as explained in the beginning of the chapter The scope of this master thesis is to test the efficiency and the accuracy of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2013, 20:00

... burst One source of co-channel interference, de-correlated in time with frequency offset One source of adjacent channel interference, de-correlated in time with 200 kHz of frequency offset One time ... burst One source of co-channel interference, de-correlated in time with frequency offset One source of adjacent channel interference, de-correlated in time with 200 kHz of frequency offset [ET99a] ... burst One source of co-channel interference, de-correlated in time with frequency offset One source of adjacent channel interference, de-correlated in time with 200 kHz of frequency offset One time...

Ngày tải lên: 26/04/2013, 11:15

... objective: (1) the long term performance of demonstration system treatment of village sewage (2) the performance of demonstration systems when suffering the impulse load of stormwater and its effect ... resist the impulse load of stormwater and had a good capacity to reduce the large amounts of pollutants brought by the stormwater runoff in a short time Table Removal performance of the constructed ... the design requirement - 53 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol.2, No.2, 2004 Table Removal performance of constructed wetland system treatment of village COD TN NH4+-N TP Average...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 08:40

... consisted of the measurement of thermal conductance of two different typologies of building wall: a wall in blocks of calcarenite sandstone assembled with mortar, typical of the constructions of "Sassi ... sector of renewables energy and energy performance of buildings The themes of papers are: building comfort indoor, energetic performances of buildings and of its components, energetics analisis of ... University of Bari in 1979 University Researcher at the of Engines and Energy Institute of the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Bari from 1983 to 1987 Associate professor of Technical...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... difference of around 3% for the most of the day In both comparisons, the experimental study gives lower values for most hours of the day, which may be attributed to different kind of thermal losses ... theoretical results of [1] in June Figure 10 The time variation of solar radiation and stored energy of the present experimental study in August and the theoretical results of [1] in June ISSN ... the theoretical results of [1] in January Figure 12 The time variation of solar radiation and stored energy of the present experimental study and the theoretical results of [1] in January ISSN...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... Prof P Maravelaki for providing the thermal analysis equipment, Prof K Komnitsas, Dr D Zaharaki and Prof V Gidarakos from the Technical University of Crete, for part of the chemical analyses of ... of scientific committees for energy, environment, biofuels and hydrogen, as well as Member of the Board of Directors of the Greek Combustion Institute She is referee for General Secretariat of ... the activation energy of component j, g expresses the effect of ambient gas composition and f describes the change of surface reactivity as a function of the fractional burn off: As the function...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... Figure Variation of discharge and binary with two and three pistons of double or single effect out of phase of 90º and 120º 3.2 Positive displacement pumps This engine consists mainly of a chamber ... contributed to the development of this research work, allowing components of computational dynamic and laboratorial investigation associated to the performance of turbines of several types to be developed ... movement of a piston throughout the rotation of the shaft of a generator can be made by a known mechanism as handle and rod, presented in (Figure 5) Figure Relations about linear movement of the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... the efficiency of rate processes: power and efficiency of heat engines J Chem Phys., 1978, 69(9):3898-3906 [40] Chen L, Sun F, Wu C Influence of heat transfer law on the performance of a Carnot ... through the system in a quasistatic-state fashion The cycle consists of two isothermal processes and two adiabatic processes All four processes are irreversible (2) There exist external irreversibilities ... (∆T n ) [57] One of aims of finite time thermodynamics is to pursue generalized rules and results In this paper, on the basis of Ref [51], the optimal ecological performance of a generalized...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of brine depth on the productivity and efficiency of solar still under laboratory conditions Table shows a summary of some of the studies ... flux to the basin of the still The dimension of each one of the three heaters is 66×21.5 cm Each heater is manufactured by twisting a wire with resistance of 2.5 (Ω /m) on a piece of mica with thickness ... inflation of the mica as it becomes heated during the operation The three heaters were connected in series to supply a total current of 4.5 A, a voltage of 220 V and a total power flux of approximately...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... respectively He is a professor of School of Energy and Environment, Hebei University of Technology Since from 2005, he has taken as the dean of School of Energy and Environment of HBUT His work focus ... the performance improvement of the present TED In contrast, the COP of conventional dehumidifiers usually ranges from 0.7 to 1.3 [15] On the other hand, at present the figure of merit (ZT) of ... associate professor of School of Energy and Environment, Hebei University of Technology His work focus mainly on heat and mass transfer related with renewable energies, HV&AC, and energy saving of buildings...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... the case of thermal processes, or as mechanical or electrical energy, as in the case of membrane processes Further, processes like Electro Dialysis is always limited to the treatment of low salinity ... is refined latent heat of vaporization of water at the condenser surface of last stage (J/kg), h fgNs is latent heat of vaporization of water at the condenser surface of the last stage (J/kg), ... distillate yield by considering the effect of various design and operating parameters on the performance and thermal characteristics of the system Description of the multi-stage evacuated solar desalination...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... programme of National Oilseeds and Vegetable Oils Development (NOVOD) Board, Govt of India, Ministry of Agriculture, on integrated development of J.curcas The paper provides a brief account on the performance ... consisted of seeds of 20 superior genotypes of J.curcas (Table1) collected from various location of Madhya Pradesh Table Jatropha curcas genotypes collected from various locations of Madhya Pradesh, ... Conservation Society of India pp 39-48 2000 [2] NRSA National Remote Sensing Agency, Wasteland Atlas of India, Ministry of Rural Development, Department of Land Resources, Government of India and National...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11