the springs of reason

... assumption, other things being the same). An advantage of this way of putting it is that the strength of my desire for p can then be determined as the strength of my desire for s multiplied by the probability ... absence of the tension characteristic of unfulfilled desire, they are very different... link it to the concepts of feelings and emotions 5 THE CONCEPT OF EMOTION THE topic of this ... this book There is, however, a further point of the parsley example—other than displaying the causal role of episodic thought—which is the main one in the present context The ¹³ I

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... of the truth of p prior to, and thus independently of, becoming convinced of the truth of q For otherwise one’s endorsement of the truth of q cannot result from the endorsement of the truth of ... cir-cumstances In other words, they take the same stance on the issue of the reality/irrealityof value; therefore, it seems reasonable to lump them together as forms of anti-realism or irrealism What they ... open whether they are real reasons On the other hand, a mere appeal to the reasons there really are in favour ofsome attitude cannot explain its occurrence The truth that there is gold in the mountainscannot

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... desiresconcerning the desire-fulfilment of others and genuinely other-regarding desires The Fulfilment of Self-regarding Desires and Personal Value The contents of many of the self-regarding desires of prudentialists, ... properties of the object of desire But such desires will not qualify as ultimately intrinsic in the sense here defined;since they are reason-based, they are derivative, though the reason consists in the ... the goal of inter-temporally maximizing theirfactual fulfilment The reason for this is that the experiential fulfilment of a desire entails, in addition to the purely factual fulfilment of it, the

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... irrespective of the outcome of the metaphysical debate about whether thetensed or the tenseless view of time is right (On the other hand, if these beliefs were falseand irrational had the tenseless ... bonusin the shape of ridding oneself of feelings of dissatisfaction and obtaining feelings ofsatisfaction in their stead The explanation of the N-bias in the negative case cannot thenappeal to the ... recollections of the same event.Thus, the explanation of the bias towards the near past is similar to the explanation of thebias towards the near future in that it, too, appeals to the vividness of representation

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... virtue of the fact that the other—the minimal owner—does so These are not independent owners of mental states becauseone of them—the animal—cannot be in any such states unless the other one is Rather,its ... surely the identity of the first patient cannot hinge on the fate ofthe other Suppose both operations succeed; then one could say to either of the resultingpersons: ‘Count yourself lucky: if the other ... awareness “via different sense modalities” of the two others, for example see things from the point ofview of one of them and hear sounds surrounding the other (If there was exteroceptionfrom more than

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... these aspects of the notion of being the subject of our consciousness.This enables us to answer quickly the question of whether the O-bias is cognitivelyrational, that is, of whether it is cognitively ... organ-of the bodies they originally possessed, then the body-builders’ prior efforts determinewhat sort of bodies they will receive, by determining the kind of bodies the body-builders had at the ... fear the death of thereplica Even more problematic is the case in which the replication is now in the past One cannot then from one’s present point of view anticipate the experiences of the replica,

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... inter-personal comparisons of the strengths of desires is likely to make us estimate the intensity of our own desires relative to the intensity of the desires of others over-On the other hand, it should ... first to articulate these elements and then to explore how they fare in the light of requirements of reason, like RU How they fare in the light of these requirements is a matter of fact that has ... treatment of the other to how they have been treated or to whatthey expect will induce the treatment they want to receive from the other They willhave an incentive to co-operate with each other,

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... the reply is that, whereas a threat makes the alternatives of action facing the agent worse, an offer improves them Therefore, all things considered, the agent welcomes the offer: I welcome the ... thecomparative strength of these sets being such that neither is “decisive” (1996: 127) As aresult of these sets of reasons, there occurs an “effort of the will” to resist the temptation to act ... own theirchildren—at least until they voluntary transfer their ownership to their children By the same argument, the parents would be owned by their parents, since they are themselves children of

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... speculation about their antecedents The latter is the stage at which theconcept of desert is applied This difference has repercussions on the question of the feasibility of the response of affirmation, ... settled by calculatingthe gains and losses of this retention to human life rather than by asking whether theseattitudes are in accord with the facts of the world The hypothesis that the felt clash between ... P-bias and the MSI Now the P-bias and the MSI nurture two temporal biases: the N-bias, the bias towardsthe near (future); and the F-bias, the bias towards the future Since they have their source

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... Smith?And, all the while, the long-dead hound draws near This is another in the series of adventures for the Eighth Doctor. Trang 3THE SLEEP OF REASON MARTIN DAYTrang 4DOCTOR WHO: THE SLEEP OF REASONCommissioning ... them, of course One of the advan-tages of being so far from anywhere is the absence of light pollution Do youknow, an entire generation will grow up not being able to perceive the truemajesty of the ... every tired protest of aching muscle and fatiguedsinew If anything the building slipped further and further away, almost slid-ing into the darkness at the back of the hill – as if the ground were

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2018, 13:49

... accountof the entire history of philosophy on the idea of a universal strugglebetween the two The third problem is that the insistence on understanding thepositions of the participants in the pantheism ... 35Much of the conceptual structuring behind The Eolian Harp is present throughout the poetry of the next few years In The Rime of the AncientMariner for example, the themes of silence, faith, and the ... standing the pantheism controversy in ontological terms McFarlandhas completely ignored the central issue of the controversy: the status under-of reason Thus much under-of the impact under-of the

Ngày tải lên: 25/02/2019, 16:36

... identify the novel and the author, and briefly explain the worldviews of the characters portrayed, citing evidence from the text Then state the theme of the story (the central insight) and your thesis, ... nature But even the most complete understanding of modus ponens, analogical reasoning, and the rest of the principles of rational thought is of little use to the person whose reasoning is continually ... notebooks for grading at mid-term and then towards the end of the semester As the semester goes along, assign several of the out-of-class exercises, including some of the following (arranged by chapter):

Ngày tải lên: 02/03/2019, 09:15

... mutual relevance of apparently unrelated pieces of evidence (the pace ofcaravans, the sun shining to the bottom of wells, the shadow of an obelisk), of assumptions (the rotundity of the earth, its ... consist either in the affirmation of the antecedent or in the denial of the consequent For instance: If there is a courthouse, then there is a police station (major premise: the conditional There ... Which of these four cards must be turned over to find out whether the following rule is true or false of these four cards: ‘If there is an E on one side of a card, then there is a 2 on the other

Ngày tải lên: 22/04/2019, 13:44

... answer Furthermore, it is the discussion of the problem of evil in these two sections of the Dialogues that sets the stage for The Problem of Pain Our interest, then, is in understanding the problem ... between the logical problem of evil and the evidential or probabilistic problem of evil.22The logical version has it that the existence of evil is incomp-atible with the existence of the God of traditional ... that the love is not conditional upon the perfection of the beloved; instead, the love precedes theperfection of the beloved object, and the love persists even if (as isoften or perhaps always the

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2019, 23:10

... principles, one the laws of aerodynamics and the other the laws ofevolution The second question is, “How do humans manage to reason?” Sincethe form of this question is the same as that of the first, ... addressedindependently of evolutionary theory, according to the thesis Reason-ing is different from all other adaptations in that the laws of logic areaspects of the laws of adaptation themselves Nothing ... Trang 121 The Biology of Logic1 In The Descent of Man Charles Darwin made some remarks about ‘Reason.’ They begin Of all the faculties of the human mind, it will, I presume, be admitted that Reason

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2020, 19:28

... effect, the order of nature has already been guaranteed by the demonstration of the autonomy of the reflecting power of judgment in the ‘Introduction’ of the text The same reflecting power of judgment ... in the §80 of the Critique of judgment Goethe made this ‘adventure of reason’ possible by changing the sense of ‘explanation’: scientific Trang 2explanation was shifted from the investigation of ... zoology, as well as Goethe and Etienne Geoffroy Saint Hilaire’s morphology, the two sides of the form-function debate, inherited some of the features of the Kantian theory The basic claim is that

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2022, 15:46

... the academic tradition. The validity of knowledge was only one of his new puzzles; the value of knowing, the purpose of science, of political life, practical arts, and finally of the course of ... in our conception of human mentality. Frank Lorimer's The Growth of Reason bears the sub-title: "A Study of the Role of Verbal Activity in the Growth and Structure of the Human Mind." ... to the mind ? What guarantees the truth of sense-data? What lies behind the observable order of phenomena? What is the relation of the mind to the brain? How can we know other selves?—All these...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 17:25

... fit neither of these ends, but they may all the same have at least the function of mitigating the sensation of pain. There is experimental evidence indicating that, if the stimulation of other ... quality of taste (or smell). What they have in common is that they produce the same type of changes in, roughly, the region of the throat and stomach. Furthermore, it is the sensations of these ... 193 14. Introduction: The Notion of a Temporal Bias 195 15. The Irrationality of the Bias towards the Near 205 16. The Irrationality of the Bias towards the Future 211 17. The Dilemma as regards...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 10:39

... into the modes of understanding and reason. Most of Kant’s initial 30 THE GATHERING OF REASON xii THE GATHERING OF REASON B ut is it merely a matter of restoring the issue, of reopening the question of ... openness. 8 THE GATHERING OF REASON It is, then, a matter of reflecting the Kantian problem of reason back into the original issue of ␭ó␥o␵ as gathering, of uncovering those traces of the original ... reflection—in the present instance, the reflection of the Kantian concept of reason back into its Greek ori- gin, the translation of reason into ␭ó␥o␵, the posing of reason as gathering. But the horizon...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 12:44

... and psychology of the jelly-fish The origin of conscious mind. CHAPTER I THE SENSES IN THE LOWER ANIMALS The sense of touch The senses of taste and smell—Actinophryans having taste The sense of sight— Modification ... below the margin of the bell. The nerve-ring is well supplied with epithelial and ganglionic nerve-cells; their function is wholly reflex and involuntary; the mason wasp Of the spider Of the earwig—Anger ... Coleoptera The common "tumble bug" (Canthon Lævis) a gifted letisimulant The double defence of the pentatomid, "stink-bug" Reason coming to the Many of the data used by the authors of more...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 19:20