the natural remedy handbook

... b Reduce the area of high luminance causing the glare condition c Increase the angle between the glare source and the line of vision d Increase the luminance of the area surrounding the glare ... The greater the contrast difference in luminance, the more readily the seeing task is performed.The eye functions most comfortably and efficiently when the luminance within the remainder of the ... Determine the coefficient of utilization(CU) which is the ratio of the lumens reaching the workingplane to the total lumens generated by the lamps This is a factor that takes into account the efficiencyand

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... tensile stress in the x-direction, for example, will strain the lattice in the xy-plane and destroy the three-fold symmetry, thereby lifting the degeneracy of the energy minima. However, the four-fold ... LLC According to the deformation potential theory, the strain will shift the energy of all the states in a given band extremum by the same amount, i.e., the valley moves along the energy scale ... perpendicular to the valley. For an applied E field parallel to the stress, the conductivity will increase (i.e., the resistivity decreases) relative to the unstressed state because of the increase in the

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... superconductor The correlations of the electrons in the superconductor must lower the overall energy of the system or else the material would not be superconducting in the first place Because the critical ... once the supercurrent channel carries its maximum amount of current, the rest of the current is carried through the normal channel Just as the correlated motion of the superelectrons creates the ... standard: eis the permittivity, mois the permeability, E is the electric field, and the magnetic flux density, B, is related to the magnetic field, H, via the constitutive law B = moH.) The last term

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... underestimates the current associated with the shallow traps and overcompensates for the current due to the deep traps The mobility of the free charge carriers is determined by the depth of the traps, the ... to the dielectric loss dissipated in the dielectric in J s–1, where E is the external field, e¢ the real value of the permittivity, and tand the dissipation factor at the radial frequency v Other ... assumed not to disturb the trapped charge; the received electrical signal is then correlated with the acoustical wave to determine the profile of the trapped charge Errors in the measurement would

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... temperature As the electrons in the metal gain thermal energy, they move about more rapidly and undergo more frequent collisions with each other and the atomic nuclei These scattering events reduce the ... of the wire to a cantilever beam, with one end of the wire at the attached beam end and the other at the free end The cantilever beam free end moves in response to an applied force, such as the ... into the solution The other side of the membrane is contacted by a reference electrode placed inside of the same solution under test The reference electrode is constructed in the same manner as the

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... data, the same thermal process can be applied while reversing the direction of the bias magnetic field. To read the stored information optically, the Kerr effect is used to detect the presence of these ... another 45 degrees through the Faraday material, and, because its polarization is now 90 degrees from the incident beam, is deflected by the first calcite prism. The four ports of the circulator then ... light waves. The superposition of these two waves produces a linearly polarized wave. The plane of polarization of the resultant wave rotates as one circular wave overtakes the other. The rate of

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... resistor and the other as a voltage probe where either can function in either role For the Y coordinate value the top layer is the voltage probe, and the voltage is applied by the controller to the bottom ... on the glass, and the time of arrival of the waves at the receivers is known because the wave velocity is known The placing of a finger on the glass weakens the signal and the location of the ... across the substrate The Y axis is scanned in the same fashion after the X wave dies out Then, when the finger touches the substrate, its water content absorbs some of the energy in the wave,and the

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:33

... present 2The values of these units in terms of the corresponding SI units are not exact, since they depend on the values of the physical constants e (for the electronvolt) and N a (for the unified ... —The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water (13th CGPM, 1967). Mole —The mole is the amount of substance ... as in the discussions of matrices, their inverses, and their use in the solutions of linear systems A table of derivatives is included, as well as key applications of the derivative in the solution

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:25

... of all the branch currents and voltages as the state of the network, then the knowledge of the instantaneous values of all these variables determines this instantaneous state Not all of these ... variables as the state variables in order to formulate the state equations If we call the set of instantaneous values of all the branch currents and voltages the state of the network, then the knowledge ... variables State: A set of data, the values of which at any time t, together with the input to the system at the time, determine uniquely the value of any network variable at the time t. State equation

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:25

... 2.2 The notation K in the figure refers to the area of the impulse Kd(t) The unit-step function u(t) is equal to the integral of the unit impulse d(t); more precisely, we have Conversely, the ... convenient to use the value of time that makes the exponent –1 When t = t = the time constant, the value of the exponential factor is In other words, after a time equal to the time constant, the exponential ... Section 2.3 The current through the element will be determined by the circuit that is attached to the terminals of this source The ideal independent current source in Fig 2.8 constrains the terminal

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:26

... voltage is the difference between the potential of the node entered and the potential of the node at which the path exits. Alternatively, the voltage drop along a branch is the difference of the node ... orientation in the sense that in “walking” along the path one would enter one of the nodes and exit the other. This establishes a direction for determining the voltage across a branch in the path: the voltage ... the associated current is said to be entering the node; if the arrow is drawn away from the node, the current is said to be leaving the node. The current i 1 is entering node b in Fig. 3.1; the

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:26

... Wiley and Sons, Inc. Trang 3The roots of the numerator polynomial N(s) are the zeros of the system, and the roots of the denominatorD(s) are the poles of the system (the points of infinite response) ... frequency to the normalized cut-off frequency (1 rad/s) Note that the impedance scaling factor increases the size of the resistors and inductors, but reduces the size of the capacitors The result ... at which the magnitude is 0.707 (–3 dB) of the dc level and is the dividing line between the passband and the stopband In the above example we see that the magnitude of V o/V i at w = 0 (dc) is

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:26

... be of the form: where f1 = w1/2p is the frequency and X1 is the amplitude of the input signal Let the output of the nonlinearcircuit be where Y0 is the dc component of the output, Y1 is the amplitude ... because the biased diode is in parallel with the output Although the circuits behave the same way whether or not one side of the dc voltage source is connected to the common (low) side of the input ... inputs, then the nonlin- earity results in not only the fundamental and harmonics but also additional frequencies called the beat frequencies at the output The distortion due to the components at the

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:26

... determine the time signals that generateeach of the elementary transform functions The required time signal is then equal to the same linear combi-nation of the inverse Laplace transforms of these ... PropertyThe convolution integral signal y(t) can be expressed as where x(t) denotes the input signal, the h(t) characteristic signal identifying the operation process. The Laplace transform of the ... FunctionThe autocorrelation function of the signal x(t) is formally defined by The Laplace transform of the autocorrelation function is and the corresponding region of absolute convergence is Other

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:26

... s(t). The peak magnitude of the Gibbs oscillation is 13% of the size of the jump discontinuity s(t 0 – ) –s(t 0 + ) regardless of the number of terms used in the approximation. As N increases, the ... is discontinuous the Fourier series converges to the average of the limiting values to the left and right of the discontinuity. For example, if t 0 is a point of discontinuity, then s¢(t 0 ) = ... terms, and b 0 is the dc level of the signal. Therefore, if it can be determined by inspection that a signal has a dc level, or if it is even or odd, then the correct form of the trigonometric

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:26

... frequency response plot with the real part of the transfer function on the abscissa and the imaginary part of the transfer function on the ordinate. Resonance: The enhancement of the response of a physical ... curves for the transfer function, the curves for the individual terms are added together. The terms used as the basis for drawing Bode diagrams are found from factoring N(s) and D(s), the numerator ... lines. Example 2 Note that the damping factor for the quadratic term in the denominator is z = 0.35. If drawing the response curves by hand, the resonance peak near the breakpoint at w = 100 would

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:26

... furthermore allowed the engineer to see the effects of small changes in the gain, K, on the stability of the system The root-locus diagram shows the location in the s-plane of the poles of the ... nonlinear, then the Lyapunov method is the most popular choice for stability analysis If the system is linear, then the direct application of Theorem 12.5 is more attractive, since the eigenvalues of the ... over and turned up the thermostat on the heater The house warmed up She got hot, so she got up and turned down the thermostat The house cooled off She got cold and turned up the thermostat This

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:26

... which the Si-SiO2 interface moves into the silicon In general the greater the concentration of oxidant (C0), the faster the growth of the oxide and the greater the flux of oxidant needed at the ... vacancies andinterstitials The gate is at the center of the device Notice how the edges of the gate have lifted up due to thediffusion of oxidant under the edges of the polysilicon (the polysilicon, as ... this stress.The oxidant flow and the oxide flow are therefore coupled because the oxide flow depends on the rate at whichoxide is generated at the interface and the rate at which the new oxide

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:26

... range over the CPI. The best accuracy performance occurs for the case of thermal noise-limited error. The resulting accuracy is the resolution of the radar divided by the square root of the S / ... tapering the illumination to concentrate power near the center of the antenna suppresses sidelobes while reducing the effective antenna aperture area. The phase and amplitude control of the antenna ... Fast convolution consists of taking the FFT of the digitized receiver output, multiplying it by the stored FFT of the desired filter function, and then taking the inverse FFT TABLE 41.2 Pulse Radar

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:26

... (42.13b) For the TE m modes, the E field is transverse to the direction (z) of propagation, while the H field lies in a plane parallel to the z axis For the TM m modes, the reverse is the case The highest- ... constant and h = is the intrinsic impedance of the medium Because the film is bounded by the upper and lower layers, the rays follow the zigzag paths as shown in Fig 42.3 The upward and downward ... illustrates the correspondence between the exact modes and the LP modes and their fieldconfigurations for the three lowest LP modes Figure 42.9 gives the mode chart for step-index fiber on a plot of the

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 21:26