the material and energy balances

... (i) material flow and material flow scheduling, (ii) energyflow and energy flow network, and (iii) the interrelation be-tween material and energyflows 3.1 Materialflow and material flow scheduling Materialflow ... (1) materialflow and material flow scheduling, (2) energyflow and the energy flow network, and (3) the interrelation between material and energyflows For each of these categories, we discuss the principles, ... in the iron and steel industry, including the fundamental understandings of flow mechanisms, the dynamic material and energyflow scheduling and optimization, the synergy between material and energy

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2022, 22:54

... environmental risk, its causes and eff ects, the utility of the CET market and CET fi nancing, and the composition of markets and the policies that underpin them and that also meet the needs of envi-ronmental ... is today’s energy sector—the GHGs and other pollutants emitted through thermal energy production, delivery, and consumption Th e fi rst ERI variable therefore is energy use Energy is the amount ... China, Japan (similarly, the Netherlands and Italy), the UK, the USA, and Germany in 2011 (CT/EE, 9/30/14: 8) China and the USA together accounted for 41 percent of the world total in 2012 (IE,

Ngày tải lên: 09/01/2020, 09:03

... economic, material and energy flows Trang 19available by the analysts at the time of the study Therefore, the scope of thesite-specific analysis was narrowed considering the findings in the social ... while the others wererelated to theoretical and methodological issues The case studies described by thisauthor focus on the energy sector (3 on biofuels and 1 on diesel and petrol) while therest ... publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication Neither the publisher nor the authors

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2020, 10:31

... economic, material and energy flows Trang 19available by the analysts at the time of the study Therefore, the scope of thesite-specific analysis was narrowed considering the findings in the social ... while the others wererelated to theoretical and methodological issues The case studies described by thisauthor focus on the energy sector (3 on biofuels and 1 on diesel and petrol) while therest ... publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication Neither the publisher nor the authors

Ngày tải lên: 03/03/2020, 10:45

... under-standing and have improved our ability to parameterize urban fluxes, they inherently lump the contributions from the various urban facets and materials and thus lack the capability to discern the ... reported in the literature (e.g.,Christen 2005;Grimmond and Oke 1999) Another important observation in these figures is that the available energy [the sum of the sensible heat flux H and latent ... represents the skill of the model in representing the fluxes averaged over the whole day) is 2.3 W m22 For LE, the RMSE and MBE are 31 and 2.3 W m22, respectively (note that the RMSE for LE at the UMBC

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2022, 09:30

... to the obsolete ether waves when he speaks of radiation: Just as the pressure in a star must be considered partly as the pressure of ether waves and partly as pressure of material molecules, the ... closely to the laws of equilibrium – or near-equilibrium – that they achieved no more than confirmation of the 19th century formulae, and proof of their consistency with the doctrines of energy and ... equilibrium thermodynamics into the new theory of extended thermodynamics It has thus been possible to modify the classical laws in an unprejudiced manner, and to extrapolate them into the range

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... B The hawks adjust the severity of the fighting – and thus the gravity of the injury – to the prevailing price IJ If the price of the resource is higher than 1, they fight less, so that the ... course, far below the scope of the pioneers in the 19th century who set themselves the task of liquefying the gases available to them and then, perhaps, reach the solid phase The easiest manner ... Now, let zHand zD= 1 – zH be the fractions of hawks and doves, and let all hawks and doves either employ strategy A or B Therefore the gain expectations eiH and eiD(i = A,B) of a hawk and a dove

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... understand it, has two parts The first one is valid for all mixtures, or solutions, and it states that, in equilibrium, the pressure p of the mixture and the densities of mass, energy and entropy ... constituents under the pressure p and at temperature T are allowed to mix after the opening of the connecting valves When the mixing is complete, the volume, internal energy and entropy of the mixture ... homogeneous mass, while entropy and volume are unchanged; then the quotient of the increase of energy and the increase of mass is the potential of this substance for the mass under consideration

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... (ș,ij)-collision and g is the relative speed of the colliding atoms The fƍ s in the collision integral are the values of the distribution function for the velocities cǯ, cƍ1 Trang 5indicated The form of the ... another place, etc In the former case W is equal to 1 and in the latter it equals ! ! ! 1 N N  In the course of the irregular thermal motion the realization is perpetually changing, and ... Wärmegleichgewicht“ [On the relation between the second law of the mechanical theory of heat and probability calculus, or the theories on the equilibrium of heat.] Sitzungsberichte der Wiener Akademie, Band 76,

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... of the internal energy and the calculation of the Carnot function When a body absorbs the heat dQ it changes the temperature by dt and the volume by dV, as dictated by the heat capacity Cvand ... Insert 3.3, and he calls U the sum of the free heat and of the heat consumed in doing internal work, meaning the sum of the kinetic energies of all molecules and of the potential energy of the intermolecular ... is the internal energy in order to distinguish it from the kinetic energy of the flow of a fluid and from the potential energy of the fluid in a gravitational field Trang 562 3 Entropy mathematical

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... Participation of the poor, together with other stake-holders, in the design and implementation of transport and energy projects is another important aspect of the gov-ernance issue The field research therefore ... the three re-search teams shared their preliminary findings and con-clusions with one another and with the ADB task man-ager, the study coordinator, and representatives of the JBIC The Thailand ... • the impacts of changes in service provision, • the impacts of transport modes other than roads, • the impacts of energy sources other than electricity, and • the impacts of transport and energy

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... take the whole G[N,J] as the graph of material streams On the other hand, the mass balances of G1 and G2 are independent Indeed, with reduced incident matrices C and C2, respectively, we have the ... of setting up the complete material and energy balance of even very complicated processes The other area of mass and energy balancing concerns the analysis of operating processes The advent of ... fully characterised by the standard deviation (the mean value equals zero for random errors) The square of standard deviation is the variance of the measurement The standard deviation c can be...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 10:15

... (iv)Conductalifecycleassessmentfor the calculationof the overallcarbon and energy budgetofJ.curcasproductionpathways.  1.5 Outlineof the thesis The thesis comprises seven chapters. The general ... 1996).Recently,alsoinBurkinaFaso,J.curcashasbecomepopularasabiofuelsource and is seen as a valid alternative to alleviate the energy scarcity prevailing in the country.Realizing the potentialofJ.curcas and other energy cropsforBurkinaFaso, the ... land (12 Mio ha) with 50% under cultivation (6.3 Mio ha) and 50% underpermanentcrops and pastures(includingabandonedcropland and landnotyet cultivated),24%forestarea, and 10%undersettlement(other:21%).Highpopulation...

Ngày tải lên: 19/11/2015, 16:41

... up a grandmother for drug money but rather one crack dealer shooting another and perhaps a few bystanders—in order to gain turf But the market changed fast The destructive effects of the drug ... Scalia and Thomas And it was only the votes they cast while wearing their robes that mattered, not the ones they may have cast in their home precincts Still, people continue to vote, in the millions ... received and performed and with whom and when; questions about sexual preference and identity; whether they knew anyone with AIDS As with any selfreported data, there was the chance that the survey...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 18:20

... within the energyintensive industry, the energy use is mainly related to the production processes rather than the support processes and thus the process of changing the energy use demands strategic ... energy use and 14% of the industrial energy use (Eurostat 2009) In Sweden and Finland, two of the main pulp and paper producers in Europe, the PPI stands for ~50% of the industrial energy use ... instruments and the development of the energy market, will: Strengthen the competitiveness of the pulp and paper industry Reduce the global emissions of CO2 Interact with the expected development of the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... energy input, and an energy output /energy input ratio of 8.85), and lower but similar for the HI and RI systems (377 kg per GJ–1 and 6.79 ratio) The authors conclude that organic management and ... related WRI standard on land use change [21] Others being used include the guidelines of the IPCC [12] and the eco-balance guidelines (ISO 14040 and 14044) [22] Generally, agreement that these differences ... representing organic and conventional farms located in alpine, upland and lowland regions Notably, and rather innovatively, the authors included an estimate for GHG impacts of the estimated land use change...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... direct (photovoltaics and solar thermal) and indirect (hydropower, wind energy, and bioenergy) solar energies and quasi-inexhaustible energy sources like nuclear breeder and fusion reactors as ... that the bioenergy contribution in the EU will increase to more than 10% after 2020 and to more than 20% on the longer term [5] In the latter case, the major part must then be supplied from energy ... to 40% of the initial bioenergy; the condensate (biooil), 70% to 50%, and together, about 90% If only the biooil is used for gasification without the char, about one-third of the bioenergy would...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 19:20

... scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress ... by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the ... public, and the scientific and engineering communities The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine Dr Bruce M Alberts and Dr Wm A Wulf are chair and vice...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 15:20