the c programming language second edition kernighan and ritchie

... h () ‘‘backwards.’’ It finds the last occurrence of its second input sequence in its first input sequence, rather than the first occur- rence of its second sequence. The s se ea ar rc ch h _ _ ... Use the machine’s locking mechanism to implement a lock class. 9 (∗2.5) Read a sequence of dates such as D De ec c8 85 5, D De ec c5 50 0, J Ja an 76 6, etc., from input and then output them ... the element does not match the predicate. The ‘‘plain’’ r re em mo ov ve e () compacts non-matching elements at the beginning of the sequence and returns an iterator for the end of the compacted

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... (c in and error output (c er r) To use other co ut ci n), ce rr devices or files, streams must be created and attached to those files or devices The mechanisms for opening and closing files and ... It encapsulates many cultural differences Locales are implicitly used by the I/O system and are only briefly described here §21.8 C I/O: The p ri nt f() function from the C library and the C library’s ... templates parameterized by a character type and containing a l oc al e lo ca le The streams concept and the general notation it provides can be applied to a large class of communication problems Streams

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... of l L character-literal: ’c-char-sequence’ L’c-char-sequence’ c-char-sequence: c-char c-char-sequence c-char c-char: any member of the source character set except the single-quote, backslash, ... h-char: any member of the source character set except new-line and > q-char-sequence: q-char q-char-sequence q-char q-char: any member of the source character set except new-line and " pp-number: ... backslash, or new-line character escape-sequence universal-character-name escape-sequence: simple-escape-sequence octal-escape-sequence hexadecimal-escape-sequence simple-escape-sequence: one of \’ \"

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... expanded versions of the prototypes that we discuss here. Character Input and Output charac-ter at a time getchar ( ) fetches the next input character each time it is c = getcharo The function ... characters; it is a small elaboration of the copyprogram Trang 24l6 THE C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGEmain0 /te count characters in input */ nc = nc + 1 but ++nc is more concise and often more efficient There ... in a C program, the compiler creates an array of characters taining the characters of the string, and terminates it with a \0 so that func-tions such as printf can detect the end: con-The ggs

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2019, 14:27

... Trang 1SECOND EDITION THE lNG GUAGE BRIAN W KERNIGHAN DENNIS M RITCHIE PRENTICE HALL SOFTWARE SERIES Trang 3THE c PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Second Edition Trang 5THE c PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Second ... " c", such as hello c, then compile it with the command cc hello.c If you haven't botched anything, such as omitting a character or misspelling something, the compilation will proceed ... before the assignment = So the statement 1.5.2 Character Counting The next program counts characters; it is similar to the copy program Trang 32The character counting program accumulates its count

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2020, 21:51

... cách chính xác (ví dụ: danh sách đầy đủ của cáchàm có thể truy cập dữ liệu) Sự tách biệt như vậy được thể hiện tốt nhất bằng cách phânluồng tất cả các mục đích sử dụng cấu trúc dữ liệu và các ... nó  Các thành phần Pulic cung cấp các “class’s interface” hay thường được gọi là các nguyên mẫu hàm còn các thành phần Private triển khai các chi tiết  Struct là một lớp (class) mà các thành ... Các hàm được khai báo trong một lớp (struct cũng được coi là một lớp) được gọi là cáchàm thành phần và chỉ có thể dược gọi cho một cho một biến cụ thể của kiểu thích hợpbằng cách sử dụng các cú

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2022, 19:11

... explicit access specifier Trang 8406 Class Hierarchies Chapter 15The access specifier for a base class controls the access to members of the base class and theconversion of pointers and references ... d dy na am mi ic c_ _c ca as st t is to deal with the case in which the correctness of the conversion cannot be determined by the compiler In that case, d dy na am mi ic c_ _c ca as st t<T ... ic c_ _c ca as st t for a reference is implicitly tested by the implementation of d dy na am mi ic c_ _c ca as st t itself If the operand of a d dy na am mi ic c_ _c ca as st t to a reference

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... – C Napier C/C++ compatibility — silent differences between C and C++ — C code that is not C++ — deprecated features — C++ code that is not C — coping with older C++ tions — headers — the standard ... as si ic c_ _prefix are new in the standard, and the b ba as si ic c_ _i io os s class used to be called struc-In the absence of namespaces, use s st ta ti ic c to compensate for the lack of unnamed ... book) occurs before the compiler does any other processing Therefore, it doesnot affect the semantics of the program The standard encoding of characters from large character sets into the smaller

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... 10 X part of the C++ standard, but some platform standards, such as POSIX, require them Consequently, modifiers can be difficult to avoid even if their use isn’t perfectly portable The s pr in ... me ch ar s, si ze _t ma x, co ns t ch ar fo rm at co ns t tm tm p) This function places a maximum of m ax characters from *t mp and the f or ma t into *s according the ma x tm p fo rm at s f ... Section D.4.4.3 Date and Time Output 909 actual output and may contain the following special-purpose format specifiers: %a %a %A %A %b %b %B %B %c %c %d %d %H %H %I %I %j

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... represent characters using the ASCII character set,which associates the integers 0 to 127 with specific characters (e.g., the character ’T’ is represented by the integer 84) Tables of the ASCII character ... argc, char *argv[]) The first takes no arguments, and the second receives command-line arguments from the environment in which the program was executed—typically a command-shell (More on command-line ... (int c) 11 /* Return 1 if c represents an integer character (’0’ to ’9’) This function only works if the character 12 * codes for 0 to 9 are consecutive, which is the case for ASCII and EBCDIC character

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2017, 17:10

... States and/or other countries and is used under license from Microsoft. Microsoft, Windows, Visual Basic, Visual C#, and Visual C++ are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation ... 471 20 Generics 473 20.1 Generic Class Declarations 473 20.2 Generic Struct Declarations 484 20.3 Generic Interface Declarations 484 20.4 Generic Delegate Declarations 486 20.5 Constructed Types ... means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior consent of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Published simultaneously in Canada. For

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... hello.cs, the program can be compiled with the Microsoft C# compiler using the command line csc hello.cs which produces an executable assembly named hello.exe The output produced by this application ... named data, and a constructor Assuming that the source code of the example is stored in the file acme.cs, the command line csc /t:library acme.cs compiles the example as a library (code without ... Friday, October 10, 2003 7:35 PM Trang 81 Introduction6 declares a class named Stack in a namespace called Acme.Collections The fully qual-ified name of this class is Acme.Collections.Stack The class

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... value type, a check is made that the referenced object is a box of the correct value type, and, if the check succeeds, the value in the box is copied out. C#’s unified type system effectively means ... that occur during execution of a block, and the try-finally statement is used to specify finalization code that is always executed, whether an exception occurred or not. The checked and unchecked ... attributes and modifiers of the class, the name of the class, the base class (if any), and the interfaces implemented by the class. The header is followed by the class body, which consists of

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... by the class Constructors The actions required to initialize instances of the class or the class itself Destructors The actions to perform before instances of the class are permanently discarded ... discarded Types The nested types declared by the class Accessibility Meaning public Access not limited protected Access limited to this class and classes derived from this class internal Access limited ... static modifier is an instance method. An instance method operates on a specific instance and can access both static and instance members. The instance on which an instance method was invoked can

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... type and the same name as the con-taining class If a constructor declaration includes a static modifier, it declares a static constructor Otherwise, it declares an instance constructor Instance constructors ... other members, instance constructors are not inherited, and a class has no instance constructors other than those actually declared in the class If no instance constructor is supplied for a class, ... in deciding when to collect objects and run destructors Specifically, the timing of destructor invocations is not deterministic, and destructors may be executed on any thread For these and other

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... trong các hàm khác Theo mặc định, các biến và hàm bên ngoài có đặc tính là tất cả các tham chiếu đến chúng có cùng tên, ngay cả từ các hàm được biên dịch riêng biệt, đều là tham chiếu đến cùng ... các chi tiết không liên quan có thê bị ân trong các chức năng và khả năng xảy ra các tương tác không mong muốn được giảm thiểu Và các phần thậm chí có thê hữu ích trong các chương trình khác ... tức khỏi switch Vi các case chỉ đóng vai trò là nhãn nên sau khi code cho một case được thực hiện xong, việc thực thi sẽ chuyển Trang 12trong chương này Các case chạy liên tục không có khoảng nghỉ

Ngày tải lên: 26/12/2024, 17:19

... những cách có thé thu được bằng các cách khác Con trỏ và mảng có liên quan chặt chẽ với nhau; chương nảy cũng khám phá mối quan hệ nảy và chỉ ra cách khai thác nó Con trỏ được gộp chung với câu ... thu được đề có thể sử dụng lại sau này Các thủ tục còn thô so" vi các cuộc gọi tới affee phải được thực hiện theo thử tự ngược lại với các cuộc gọi Trang 16được thực hiện trên alloc Tức là ... phần của cùng một mảng và gán hoặc so sánh với 0 Tất cả các số học con trỏ khác là bất hợp pháp Sẽ không hợp lý khi cộng hai con trỏ, hoặc nhân hoặc chia, dịch chuyền hoặc che dấu chúng, hoặc thêm

Ngày tải lên: 26/12/2024, 17:19

... numeric data and character data Scientific and technical applications are concerned primarily with numeric data, whereas business applications usually require processing of both numeric and character ... a computer The most basic of these is machine lunguage a collection of very detailed, cryptic instructions that control the computer’s internal circuitry This is the natural dialect of the computer ... TYPES AND DATA CONVERSION RULES THE ASCII CHARACTER SET CONTROL STATEMENT SUMMARY COMMONLY USED scanf AND p r i n t f CONVERSION CHARACTERS scanf Conversion Characters p r i n tf Conversion

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20

... as logical and and logical or, respectively. The logical operators act upon operands that are themselves logical expressions. The net effect is to combine the individual logical expressions ... Among the arithmetic operators, *, / and % fall into one precedence group, and + and - fall into another. The first group has a higher precedence than the second. Thus, multiplication, ... upon the ASCII character set). - Value cl 80 cl + c2 164 cl + c2 + 5 169 cl + c2 + '5' 217 Note that P is encoded as (decimal) 80, T is encoded as 84, and

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20

... length and width of a rectangle are read into the computer, the area is calculated and then displayed In each case, the type of geometric figure is included in the label that accompanies the ... the use of conditional or repeated program segments. In such cases, the manner in which the program is organized can have a major effect on the logical clarity of the program and the efficiency ... of lines can be moved to another location using the Cut and Paste selections in the Edit menu. Similarly, a block of lines can be copied to another location using the Copy and Paste

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20