the c programming language epub

... functions f f(c ch ha ar r), g g(c ch ha ar r&), and h h(c co on ns st t c ch ha ar r&) Call them with the arguments ´a a´, 4 49 9, 3 33 00 0, c c, u uc c, and s sc c, where c c is a c ch ... &c c2 2; / /need to allocate space for c2 Given this, the compiler knows the values of c c1 1 and c c2 2 so that they can be used in constant sions Because the values of c c3 3 and c c4 4 ... before the*is taken to be part of the base type For example: c ch ha ar r*c co on ns st t c cp p; / /const pointer to char c ch ha ar r c co on ns st t*p pc c; / /pointer to const char c co on

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... Other conventions, such as .C C, .c cx xx x, .c cp pp p, and .c cc c, are also found. The manual for your com- piler will be quite specific about this issue. The reason for recommending that the ... [file.header] The types in all declarations of the same object, function, class, etc., must be consistent. Conse- quently, the source code submitted to the compiler and later linked together must be consistent. ... names in the first, private, part can be pu bl ic used only by member functions The second, public, part constitutes the public interface to objects The C++ Programming Language,

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... g&, c on st c r*); St ri ng op er at or co ns t St ri ng co ns t ch ar To save space, I have left the I/O and concatenation operations as exercises The main program simply exercises the S tr in ... rc mp x.r ep s, y.r ep s) 0; }; S tr in g o pe to r+(c on st S tr in g&, c on st S tr in g&); St ri ng op er at or co ns t St ri ng co ns t St ri ng S tr in g o pe to r+(c on st S tr in g&, c ... Section 11.12 A String Class 297 f ri en d b oo l o pe to r!=(c on st S tr in g& x c on st S tr in g& y fr ie nd bo ol op er at or co ns t St ri ng x, co ns t St ri ng y) { r et ur n s tr cm

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... crucial to the performance of the lookup, and for common and obvious key types such as s tr in g and C-style strings, the overhead of an extra comparison could be sigst ri ng nificant I could have ... synthesized from a less-than operation ma p, sh _m ap (§17.1.4.1) This is because of the call of e q() in the loop that looks through elements with the eq same hash value This loop is crucial ... nificant I could have used a s et En tr y> to represent the set of values that have the same hash value se t cl as s al lo ca to r cl as s al lo ca to r

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... to 25 characters long) from c in is ci n the bottleneck in your system Write an input function that reads such strings as fast as you can think of You can choose the interface to that function ... It encapsulates many cultural differences Locales are implicitly used by the I/O system and are only briefly described here §21.8 C I/O: The p ri nt f() function from the C library and the C library’s ... standard input (c in and error output (c er r) To use other co ut ci n), ce rr devices or files, streams must be created and attached to those files or devices The mechanisms for opening and closing

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... of l L character-literal: ’c-char-sequence’ L’c-char-sequence’ c-char-sequence: c-char c-char-sequence c-char c-char: any member of the source character set except the single-quote, backslash, ... backslash, or new-line character escape-sequence universal-character-name escape-sequence: simple-escape-sequence octal-escape-sequence hexadecimal-escape-sequence simple-escape-sequence: one of \’ \" ... h-char h-char: any member of the source character set except new-line and > q-char-sequence: q-char q-char-sequence q-char q-char: any member of the source character set except new-line and " pp-number:

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... Instance Constructors 343 10.11 Static Constructors 349 10.12 Destructors 352 11 Structs 355 11.1 Struct Declarations 355 11.2 Struct Members 356 11.3 Class and Struct Differences ... 471 20 Generics 473 20.1 Generic Class Declarations 473 20.2 Generic Struct Declarations 484 20.3 Generic Interface Declarations 484 20.4 Generic Delegate Declarations 486 20.5 Constructed Types ... means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior consent of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Published simultaneously in Canada. For

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... Introduction 6 1. Introduction declares a class named Stack in a namespace called Acme.Collections . The fully qual- ified name of this class is Acme.Collections.Stack . The class ... , and a constructor. Assuming that the source code of the example is stored in the file acme.cs , the command line csc /t:library acme.cs compiles the example as a library (code without ... component; and they incorporate their own documentation. C# provides language constructs to directly support these concepts, making C# a very natural language in which to create and use software components.

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... that occur during execution of a block, and the try-finally statement is used to specify finalization code that is always executed, whether an exception occurred or not. The checked and unchecked ... modifiers of the class, the name of the class, the base class (if any), and the interfaces implemented by the class. The header is followed by the class body, which consists of a list of member declarations ... allocated to hold the value, and the value is copied into that box. Conversely, when an object reference is cast to a value type, a check is made that the referenced object is a box of the correct

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... by the class Constructors The actions required to initialize instances of the class or the class itself Destructors The actions to perform before instances of the class are permanently discarded ... discarded Types The nested types declared by the class Accessibility Meaning public Access not limited protected Access limited to this class and classes derived from this class internal Access limited ... 1.6 Classes and Objects 19 1. Introduction 1.6.2 Accessibility Each member of a class has an associated accessibility, which controls the regions of pro- gram text that are able to access the

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... 1.6 Classes and Objects 29 1. Introduction 1.6.6 Other Function Members Members that contain executable code are collectively known as the function members of a class. The preceding section describes ... List { const int defaultCapacity = 4; Constant object[] items; int count; Fields public List(): this(defaultCapacity) {} public List(int capacity) { items = new object[capacity]; } Constructors ... other members, instance constructors are not inherited, and a class has no instance constructors other than those actually declared in the class. If no instance constructor is supplied for a class,

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... (int c) 11 /* Return 1 if c represents an integer character (’0’ to ’9’) This function only works if the character 12 * codes for 0 to 9 are consecutive, which is the case for ASCII and EBCDIC character ... for the character set of the machine on which the compiler resides This is unlike the version of toupper() we presented in Section 4.3, which is incorrect for machines using, say, the EBCDIC character ... 2In practice, function interfaces tend to be much more stable (i.e., less subject to change) than code internals. Thus, the need to search for and change each occurrence of a function call is

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2017, 17:10

... THE C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE "'YC{9//6W ( BWf ) Library of Congress Calaloging in Publicolion Dato KERNICHAN, BRIAN W The C programming language lncludes index l C (Computer program language) ... struct-declaration struc t- dec larat i on struc t- dec l- I i st struct-declaration: type- spec struc ifier struct-dec larator- I i st ; t- de c lar a to r - I i st : struct-declarator struct-dec ... itself Again because the language reflects the capabilities of current computers, C programs tend to be efficient enough that there is no compulsiofl tcr write assembly language instead The most obvious

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2019, 14:27

... block, would export the declaration to the rest of the file The Standard makes it clear that the scope of such a declaration is just the block • The scope of parameters is injected into a function's ... SECOND EDITION THE lNG GUAGE BRIAN W KERNIGHAN DENNIS M RITCHIE PRENTICE HALL SOFTWARE SERIES THE c PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Second Edition THE c PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Second Edition Brian ... • The Standard introduces (borrowing from C++) the notion of a function prototype declaration that incorporates the types of the parameters, and includes an explicit recognition of variadic functions

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2020, 21:51

... cách chính xác (ví dụ: danh sách đầy đủ của cáchàm có thể truy cập dữ liệu) Sự tách biệt như vậy được thể hiện tốt nhất bằng cách phânluồng tất cả các mục đích sử dụng cấu trúc dữ liệu và các ... nó  Các thành phần Pulic cung cấp các “class’s interface” hay thường được gọi là các nguyên mẫu hàm còn các thành phần Private triển khai các chi tiết  Struct là một lớp (class) mà các thành ... Các hàm được khai báo trong một lớp (struct cũng được coi là một lớp) được gọi là cáchàm thành phần và chỉ có thể dược gọi cho một cho một biến cụ thể của kiểu thích hợpbằng cách sử dụng các cú

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2022, 19:11

... trong các hàm khác Theo mặc định, các biến và hàm bên ngoài có đặc tính là tất cả các tham chiếu đến chúng có cùng tên, ngay cả từ các hàm được biên dịch riêng biệt, đều là tham chiếu đến cùng ... các chi tiết không liên quan có thê bị ân trong các chức năng và khả năng xảy ra các tương tác không mong muốn được giảm thiểu Và các phần thậm chí có thê hữu ích trong các chương trình khác ... tức khỏi switch Vi các case chỉ đóng vai trò là nhãn nên sau khi code cho một case được thực hiện xong, việc thực thi sẽ chuyển Trang 12trong chương này Các case chạy liên tục không có khoảng nghỉ

Ngày tải lên: 26/12/2024, 17:19

... những cách có thé thu được bằng các cách khác Con trỏ và mảng có liên quan chặt chẽ với nhau; chương nảy cũng khám phá mối quan hệ nảy và chỉ ra cách khai thác nó Con trỏ được gộp chung với câu ... thu được đề có thể sử dụng lại sau này Các thủ tục còn thô so" vi các cuộc gọi tới affee phải được thực hiện theo thử tự ngược lại với các cuộc gọi Trang 16được thực hiện trên alloc Tức là ... phần của cùng một mảng và gán hoặc so sánh với 0 Tất cả các số học con trỏ khác là bất hợp pháp Sẽ không hợp lý khi cộng hai con trỏ, hoặc nhân hoặc chia, dịch chuyền hoặc che dấu chúng, hoặc thêm

Ngày tải lên: 26/12/2024, 17:19

... abstract class providing the interface and the other is a protected concrete class providing implementation ‘‘details.’’ These roles are reflected in both the style of the classes and in the access ... two classes override a base class function, but neither overrides the other, the class hierarchy is an error No virtual function table can be constructed because a call to that function on the complete ... r, access to the implementation Technical examples illustrating access to bases can be found in §C.11.2 15.3.2.1 Multiple Inheritance and Access Control [hier.mi.access] If a name or a base class

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... serialized. You can set the name of the collection, the name of elements within the collection, and the XML namespace associated with the collection. • : Allows you to set the names ... later, the Photo Service responds, letting us know of any issues or if the account creation was successful. For any issues, we need to notify the user. If the account creation was successful, ... the new account request, and so forth. If you’re writing a service, you should provide this information. Anyway, to call the RESTful service and create the new service user account, you use the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 06:20

... unlike the Java language. Also, the fact that the declaration order is insignificant in C# is unlike the C+ + language. n n  Notice in the previous example the using Acme.Collections ... instance field. Every instance of a class contains a separate copy of all the instance fields of that class. In the following example, each instance of the Color class has a separate copy of the ... acme.cs, the command line csc /t:library acme.cs compiles the example as a library (code without a Main entry point) and produces an assembly named acme.dll. Assemblies contain executable code...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 17:20