tdd for c programmers

... public Counter(int count) public int GetCount() public void SetCount(int count) private int { { { { SetCount(0); } SetCount(count); } return count; } this.count = count; } count; } The class Counter ... on Constructor/Destructor Chaining Objects are built from the top down A constructor of a derived class calls a constructor of its base class, which in turn calls a constructor of its superclass, ... Console.Write("cR = {0} ", c.GetCount()); } static void IncV(Counter c) { c = new Counter(); c.Inc(); Console.Write("cV = {0} ", c.GetCount()); } static void Main() { string msg = "Hello!"; Console.Write("{0}

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:20

... Object o = new Object(); NamedCounter nc1 = new NamedCounter("nc1"); NamedCounter nc2 = new NamedCounter("nc2"); NamedCounter nc3 = new NamedCounter("nc1"); Counter c1 = new Counter(); Counter c2 ... null? c1? o? c2? {0}", {0}", {0}", {0}", c1.Equals(null) c1.Equals(c1) c1.Equals(o) c1.Equals(c2) } } Output: HashCode o HashCode nc1 HashCode nc2 HashCode nc3 HashCode c1 HashCode c2 nc1 == null? ... 33574638 no c1 c1 c1 c1 ?"yes":"no"); ?"yes":"no"); ?"yes":"no"); ?"yes":"no"); ■ nc1 nc1 nc1 nc1 c1 c1 c1 c1 == == == == == == == == nc1? o? nc2? nc3? null? c1? o? c2? 4.6 The Object Root Class 73

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:20

... executed for each exception that is raised. try { } catch (SpecificException e) { // From specific. // Handle a specific exception // } catch (GenericException e) { // To more generic. // Handle ... System; 2 3 public class DeviceException : Exception { 4 public DeviceException() { } 5 public DeviceException(string msg) : base(msg) { } 6 public DeviceException(string msg, Exception inner) ... more generic exception // } catch (Exceptione){ // Tomost generic. // Handles all exceptions } In general, it is a best practice for an application to only catch those exceptions that it can Tip

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:20

... Marcus Heege Expert C++/CLI: .NET for Visual C++ Programmers Expert C++/CLI: .NET for Visual C++ Programmers Copyright © 2007 by Marcus Heege All rights reserved. ... C++. .. implements the C++/ CLI standard to support executing code on the CLR Building C++/ CLI Applications To make the switch from C to C++, a new file extension was used As you can ... articles for. .. compatibility feature of C++/ CLI has an interesting analogy to the shift from C to C++ As shown in Figure 1- 1, the linker accepts object files compiled from C and C++

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... project reference automatically implies a project dependency The referencing project implicitly depends on the referenced project Therefore, the referenced project is built before the referencing ... its own string object containing the modified state On the other hand, creating new objects for each modification has its price Using String::Concatdirectly or indirectly to concatenate many strings ... functions, templates, variables, and so on C++ has introduced the concept of namespaces to avoid naming conflicts The CTS supports namespaces for the same reason C++/CLI allows you to manage CTS

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... metadata table has a column structure specific for the abstraction. The structures for all tables start with a 32-bit column called a metadata token. Such a metadata token can be compared to a primary ... similar members exist. Such runtime-bound dynamic access to type members is obviously much slower than a direct method call or direct field access. (For static and non-static methods without argu- ... of objects from streams: // customSerialzation.cpp // CL /clr:safe customSerialization.cpp using namespace System; using namespace System::IO; using namespace System::Reflection; ref struct Person

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... = t; // instance created via copy constructor This code implies that a default constructor and a copy constructor for T exist Withoutthese constructors, compiler errors would occur The last line ... type T are created, one with thedefault constructor and two with the copy constructor: T t; // instance created via default constructor T t1(t); // instance created via copy constructor T t2 ... discussion to Chapter 11 The CTS does not have a concept for destructors, but you can implement a special NETinterface to support a destructor-like deterministic resource cleanup This interface is calledSystem::IDisposable

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... source files #pragma managed(push, off) Trang 11The first catch block in this code catches C++ exceptions of type int, and the second onecatches any CTS-compliant managed exceptions When a C++ ... used A performance object called NET CLR Memory provides various performance counters that are useful for this case Figure 7-4 shows how you can inspect statistics about NET garbage collection in ... the following code uses SEH exceptions, it can be compiled with /clr: // ExceptionHandling1.cpp // compile with "cl /clr ExceptionHandling1.cpp" #include <excpt.h> #include <windows.h>

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... library can be a C or a C++ library This chapter gives you practical advice, general recommendations for all scenarios mentioned, and guidance for a couple of concrete problems Up-Front Considerations ... performance critical, you probably pre-fer convenience over performance C++/CLI interoperability already provides a lot of convenience—you only need normal function declarations to call a managed function ... with /clr, the output will be as follows: Direct call caused error code 0x57 Indirect call caused error code 0x0 If you face this problem in your code, you must move the indirect function call

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... • Acquiring a CLR-specific object-based thread lock via Monitor.Enter or msclr::lock.Entering such a lock can result in a new lock structure being allocated • CAS checks • Calling NET objects ... feature that tries to forecast the lack of stack space so that a StackOverflowExceptionis thrown before you actually start executing critical code To achieve this, the code can be modified like ... exceptions can cause resource leaks The constructor of the wrapper class XYZConnection can cause a resource leak due to an asynchronous exception: XYZConnection() { xyzHandle.Handle = ::XYZConnect();

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... 2002 29 Using gcc  Two-stage compilation  pre-process & compile: gcc –c hello.c  link: gcc –o hello hello.o  Linking several modules: gcc –c a.c  a.o gcc –c b.c  b.o gcc –o hello a.o ... Using math library  gcc –o calc calc.c -lm Trang 30Oct 23, 2014 Advanced ProgrammingSpring 2002 30 Error reporting in gcc  Multiple sources  preprocessor: missing include files  parser: syntax ... referencing errors No output written to file. Trang 33Oct 23, 2014 Advanced ProgrammingSpring 2002 33 C preprocessor  The C preprocessor (cpp) is a processor which macro- manages a collection

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2014, 13:56

... k- circular succession j ≥ m + 1 if and only if j + 1 ≥ m + 2 is a k-circular succession of π. Therefore, the maximal k-circular succession of π is m + 1 if and only if the k-circular successions ... the cyclic group C π Lemma 16 For k ≥ 1, the mapping Φ transforms a k-circular... appearing in a cycle of τ for each i ∈ [m] and some j : 0 ≤ j ≤ −1, and then add the cycles in Ωπ For ... needs to be uncolored, i.e., i + k ∈ [n], in order to count as a k-circular succession. Denote by C k (π) the set of k-circular successions of π and let c k (π) = # C k (π). In particular F IX(π)

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:23

... Javadoc, you can integrate the documentation in the code! Squeak can create even hyper-link between two line of code or two comments! About namespace: before the 1999, the concept of name-space ... WARRANTY for the content of this document, for errors or omissions and so on There is NO WARRANTY even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE to bad Object Oriented code, because ... of Smalltalk)Transcript cr Transcript show:'Hello World' Transcript cr Now open the menu of the workspace and select do-it or press cmd-d Note: The cmd key changes in respect of your O.S and

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 00:42

... 0-cells, each being paired with a copy of the shorter-frame operand cell: abc d abc e abc f abc g The operation dyad , is performed on each pair of cells: abcd abce abcf abcg ... quotes for characters and double quotes for strings. J uses only single quotes for defining character constants (the " character is a primitive in its own right). If exactly one character ... number or character is called an atom (object of basic type) which is said to have the type numeric or character as appropriate. (Actually, there are types other than number and character, including...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 00:20

... instances strctev3.cpp Polymorphism and constructors strctev4.cpp Efficient constructors static1.cpp Static data in a class static2.cpp More static data in a class strctev5.cpp Error checking in the constructor strctev6.cpp ... constructor strctev6.cpp Softer error checking in the constructor strctev7.cpp Multiple polymorphic constructors strctev8.cpp Polymorphism in a class strctev9.cpp External routines used by a class destrct1.cpp ... class destrct1.cpp Simple constructors and destructors destrct2.cpp Multiple scopes and when things are destructed destrct3.cpp Arrays of objects being constructured and destructed destrct4.cpp Pointers...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 22:21

... retrieve or change this data. Since the data cannot be changed directly, and can only be accessed through these methods, we can be confident that we have not changed the way the class works. ... for clues about the program’s functionality. Document your programs as much as possible. I do not hold with the notion that because comments may not accurately describe the code, developers can ... first curly bracket opens the class block. The next line defines the method we are using. In this case, it’s the main method. Every Java class that can be called or run directly from the command...

Ngày tải lên: 21/08/2012, 09:30

... understand the electro-techno-mumbo-jumbo of our processor chip and can describe our data and processing clearly and succinctly. Note: Additional Factoids The Python program was written in the C language ... your Macintosh, including the operating system and processor chip information. • GNU/Linux. There are two relevant commands for examining your GNU/Linux architecture: arch and uname. The arch command ... available to work with. 3.1.6 Decimal-Points and Accuracy That calculation was nice, but you’ll notice that whole numbers aren’t really very accurate. If you pull out a calculator, you’ll see that Python...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 05:20