targeting of viral vectors for cancer gene therapy

... Trang 1DESIGN OF VIRAL VECTORS FOR IMPROVED GENE DELIVERY IVY HO AI-WEI (MSc, Leicester University, UK) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY ... by the introduction of apoptotic genes, thus increasing the chances of immune recognition of tumor antigens One of the commonly used tumor suppressor genes for the therapy of gliomas is p53, which ... proliferation is a common characteristic of malignant tumor cells Therefore, an attractive strategy for cancer gene therapy would be the use of vectors carrying therapeutic genes that can be activated upon

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... vectors for glioma gene therapy 137 4.4 Discussion 141 Chapter 5 Conclusions 146 Trang 10SUMMARY Malignant glioma remains one of the most lethal forms of cancer in humans However, current therapy ... Advantages of neural stem cell vectors in glioma gene therapy The infiltrative nature of glioma has led to the failure of viral and chemical vectors in clinical trials Because the distribution of these ... delivery vectors in gene therapy for glioma Finally, this study demonstrated, for the first time, that human embryonic stem cells can provide a potentially unlimited source for glioma gene therapy

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:00

... identification of genes responsible for oncogenesis is a major goal in cancer research These genes are mostly defined as “altered genes directly promoting malignant progression” After three decades of molecular ... resource of somatic mutations in human cancer samples curated from published studies and cancer genomes sequencing [1] As of May 31, 2015, COSMIC reports a set of 572 genes, called the cancer gene ... set includes 140 genes well accepted as“cancer driver genes” because mutations in those genes directly promote tumorigenesis [2] In ALL samples, we found that 20 % of the cancer gene census is

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2020, 01:29

... efficiency for the 20 candidate reference genes ranged from 90.41% for PPIA95 to 102.44% for PGK Further details of primers are given in Table The expression levels of all candidate reference genes ... none of the genes are expressed stably across all conditions, so it is necessary to screen reference genes for T ciliata under specific conditions Stability of expression of candidate reference genes ... was used for overall ranking [34] GeNorm analysis In geNorm analysis, M value is calculated for each pair of genes The stability of gene expression is evaluated based on the M value; the genes with

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2021, 20:42

... [35] 1 Biological gene delivery systems (viral vectors) The design of efficient vectors for vaccine development and cancer gene therapy is an area of intensive research Live vectors (attenuated ... most common gene delivery tools used in gene therapy [37,38] The major advantage of live vectors is that they produce the anti-gen in its native conformation, which is important for generating ... utilization of different vaccine delivery systems for prevention or treatment of cancer We will discuss their clinical applications and the future prospects for cancer vaccine development Introduction Cancer

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 02:21

... because of the promiscuity of the enzyme [10] For a recent, general review on the use of oxidative stress for cancer therapy, see [1] To overcome these limitations, we have proposed the use of d-amino ... the treatment of solid tumors, where the access of drugs to cancer cells is often limited by poor, unequal vascularization, and areas of necrosis [1] The histological heterogeneity of the cell ... Similarly, for k)1 a value of 750 s)1 is required for m-DAAO, as com-pared with 530 s)1for wt-DAAO The higher rate of substrate binding thus appears to be responsible for the observed higher rate of

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

... Journal of International Society of Life Information Science (ISLIS) Vol 20 (2) 2002 532 A Review of Qigong Therapy for Cancer Treatment Kevin CHEN and Raphael YEUNG Dept of Psychiatry, University of ... patients, in-vitro study of cancer cells, and in-vivo study of cancer with Qigong therapy, in an attempt to understand the role Qigong therapy plays in cancer treatment There is a lot of evidence suggesting ... mechanism of Qigong therapy with biological means or general assumption of Qigong therapy for cancer; 3) it is clinical research with an identifiable baseline tumor description or cancer identification

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 17:20

... is the manipulation of these genetic mutations and the enhancement of normalcellular events that is the goal of cancer gene therapy Thus, gene therapy for thetreatment of cancer has been directed ... in ontogeny GENE THERAPY APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF CANCER One strategy in the gene therapy of cancer is the compensation of a mutated gene If a gene is dysfunctional through a genetic alteration, ... of antisense gene therapy in cancer areoverexpressed oncogenes that play a role in pathogenesis Numerous oncogenes have been targeted for antisense gene therapy They include c-fos for brain cancer,

Ngày tải lên: 10/04/2014, 22:11

... many cancers [4] Thus, the use of gene therapy may be a new way to treat CCRCC In the field of cancer gene therapy, it is well known that the success of therapy is greatly dependent on the gene ... treatment of RCC-induced pulmonary metastases [15] In addition, folate-target gene therapy vectors have been found to promote much higher levels of tumor-specific gene expression than nontargeted vectors ... follows: first cycle at 95°C for 2 min, and then 30 cycles at 94°C for 45 s, 54°C for 1 min, 72°C for 1 min and a final extension cycle of 72°C for 5 min The house-keeping gene b-actin was taken as

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... synovial transduction efficacy of AAV5 is far higher than that of AAV2 vectors, and thus the former is the vector of choice for future gene therapy trials The number of gene therapy trials in RA is ... trials of gene therapy in patients with cancer Although not a life-threatening disease, the balance of risks and benefits of gene therapy is favourable in RA The advantage in RA is that the (viral) ... models of rheumatoid arthritis Central to gene therapy is the transfer of therapeutic genes to the site of inflammation In the ‘ex vivo’ method autologous or allogeneic fibroblasts that are retrovirally

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

... 3 of 13 Trang 4Figure 2 Flowchart of studies to final number of eligible studies.Table 1 Classification of regional lymph nodes of the pancreas No of Study Studies Year Location of Tumors No of ... of pancreatic head cancer; cancer of body/tail of pancreas in only 2 Sun et al Radiation Oncology 2010, 5:28 http://www.ro-journal.com/content/5/1/28 Page 2 of 13 Trang 3(11.1%) studies and general ... important cancer treatment modality in both adjuvant and definitive setting, however, the use of radiation therapy for elective treatment of regional lymph nodes is controversial for pancreatic cancer

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:23

... that the level of expression of phos-phorylated S6 was predictive of tumor response to rida-forolimus [78] An oral formulation of ridarida-forolimus will be studied as maintenance therapy in a ... 75% of clear cell RCCs have lost the function of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene [11], resulting in accumulation of HIF-1α, a protein that controls the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis. ... and progression of cancer has identified mTOR as a major link in tumorigenesis Consequently, inhibitors of mTOR, including temsirolimus, everolimus, and ridaforolimus (formerly deforolimus) have

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 22:20

... kinases or gain-of-function mutations in RAS or RAF genes. Compon ents of the ERK1/2 pathway are therefore viewed as attractive candidates for the development of targeted therapies of cancer. In this ... Human tumorigenesis is a multistep process during which accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations leads to the progressive transformation of a normal cel l into a malignant cancer cell. ... pre-clinical profile have pro- vided strong rationale for the development of small- molecule inhibitors of MEK1/2 for chemotherapeutic intervention in cancer [62]. Clinical development of MEK1/2 inhibitors

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 22:20

... stem cells for anti-HIV gene transduction via integrating viral vectors such as lentiviral vectors [16- 18]. Lentiviral vectors have several advantages over con- ventional retroviral vectors since ... Thus, CD34 progenitor cells are an essential ingredient for HIV gene therapy. In view of the need for CD34 cells for HIV gene therapy as well as for other hematopoietic disorders, if one can pro- ... infections. There is a great deal of progress in the area of stem cell gene therapy for AIDS [12]. A primary goal of many ongoing studies is to introduce an effective anti-HIV gene into hematopoietic stem

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:21

... The development and use of viral vector systems for cancer gene therapy (A) Retroviral vector systems Murine Moloney leukaemia virus (MoMLV)-based retroviral vector is one of the earliest systems ... centrifugation (B) Adenoviral vector (AV) Adenovirus vector is the most commonly studied and most widely used system in cancer gene therapy They are of particular utility for cancer gene therapy applications, ... Anti-angiogenesis gene therapy One of the features of the malignant tumours was the increased vasculature Therefore, targeting tumour vasculature rather than the tumour cell itself as a treatment for cancer...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... overview of the progress made by using different types of promoters and vectors for gene delivery to the CNS 1.1 Current progress in gene therapy Gene therapy, which usually refers to somatic gene therapy, ... used for gene therapy applications, and were rarely used for 12 Chapter Introduction gene delivery to the CNS because of their poor in vivo performance Non -viral and viral vectors are therefore ... applied for gene therapy for neurodegenerative diseases and possibly for malignant glioma tumors in the CNS X LIST OF FIGURES Fig 2.1 Schematics of the expression cassettes of the recombinant AAV vectors...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:30

... development, and use of viral vectors for gene transfer and gene therapy I would like to thank the many chapter authors for their contributions They are all experts in various aspects of viral vectors, and ... perspective in the use of viral vectors for applications in the brain and in the central nervous system Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy: Methods and Protocols contains step-by-step methods for successful ... shutdown of host protein synthesis The importance of this observation is that nonessential genes may be deleted in the generation of gene therapy vectors, allowing the insertion of exogenous genetic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 10:39

... based on expression of ISGs Those phenotypes might be important for the resistance to possible introduction of genes using viral vectors or for the resistance to oncolytic gene therapy We believe ... antiviral state phenotype is stable Since most of those genes are expressed only during viral infection in non cancer patients, this observation makes some of the product of those inducible genes, ... affect treatment of cancer with viral vectors or with immunotherapy It remains to be elucidated why these two phenotypes exist One possibility is that the cancer cells bearing the “anti -viral state...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... potential of retroviral vectors From the known mechanisms of retroviral pathogenesis discussed above the most obvious pathogenic potential of retroviral vectors is (i) the production of a replication ... further efforts need to be made to assess and reduce the rate of transfer of retroviral genes Oncogene capture The mechanism of oncogene capture appears to be dependent on the generation of a chimeric ... as vectors for gene therapy [11,12] The principal feature of the retroviral life cycle that is of interest is the ability of the retrovirus to copy its RNA genome into a double-stranded DNA form...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22