symbolically speaking a connectionist model of sentence production

... artificial language can be characterized in terms of the phrasestructure rules: ii X 3 aXa X 3 bXb X 3 $ % which generate the strings: $ %, aa, bb, abba, baab, aaaa, bbbb, aabbaa, abbbba, We call ... Vogel, Hahn & Branigan(1996) to define the third artificial language in terms of the following rule set: which generates the strings: $ %, aa, bb, abab, aaaa, bbbb, aabaab, abbabb, Trang 6We ... training grammar in making its predictions, taking hits, false alarms, correct rejections and misses intoaccount Hits and false alarms are calculated as the accumulated activations of the set of

Ngày tải lên: 12/10/2022, 20:53

... the AAB or the ABBsentence frame A 1000 ms interval separated each sentence as was the case in the Marcus et al.experiment Trang 17After habituation, the participants were instructed that they ... single-mechanism approach based on statistical learning is unable to fit theirexperimental data In Simulation 1, we present a detailed connectionist model of these infant data,supporting a single-mechanism ... test items appeared in thehabituation part of the experiment Instead they suggested that a dual mechanism was needed,comprising a statistical learning component and an algebraic rule learning component

Ngày tải lên: 12/10/2022, 20:54

... guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Autoantigen microarrays Antigens were printed in ordered arrays on FAST slides (Whatman, now part of GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ, USA) Arrays ... Figure 2 Autoantibody profiling of pristane-treated mice using autoantigen microarrays Autoantibody profiling of pristane-treated mice using autoantigen microarrays Individual arrays composed of over ... Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998, 95:14863-14868. 36 Saldanha AJ: Java Treeview – extensible visualization of micro-array data Bioinformatics

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... individual based models, stochastic cellular automata models, and a variety of deterministic partial differential equation models. Some examples for such approaches are: [11-25]. These models of biofilm ... structure of biofilms into account and are formulated as spatia lly multi-dimensional models. A host of mathematical modelling techniques has been proposed to model biofilms, including stochastic ... mfrederi@uoguelph.ca; heberl@uoguelph.ca 1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph ON Canada N1G 2W1 Full list of author information is available at the end of the

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Encephalopathy due to perinatal asphyxia (PA) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the period around birth Preterm infants are especially ... et al.2012; Logitharajah et al 2009; Shah et al.2006) Injury in these infants is a combination of primary destruction after PA and secondary maturational and trophic disease (Volpe2009a) PA occurs ... centrifuged and an aliquot of the supernatant (30 or 50 μl) was used The assay is based on fluorometric determination of the cleavage of the Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-AMC peptide (Ac-DEVD-AMC; Biomol, Germany)

Ngày tải lên: 04/12/2022, 15:38

... unary production) Only two unary syn-tactic productions are allowed in the grammar: START→ A to generate A as the top syntactic node of a parse tree and A→ [A]lex to indicate that A is a leaf ... probabilistic Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) framework, and assume only that the learner has access to a small set of general combinatory schemata and a functional mapping from semantic ... (2010) Learning general properties of semantic roles from usage data: a computational model Language and Cognitive Processes, 25:1 Beal, M J (2003) Variational algorithms for ap-proximate Bayesian

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

... 105) at passage 6 were transplanted into the cisterna magna of 10 ischemic rats seven days after the Trang 5induction of focal cerebral ischemia Transplanted ani-mals did not behave abnormally ... Transplantation Seven days after the induction of focal cerebral ischemia, animals were anesthetized with an intra-peritoneal injec-tion of 400 mg/kg chloral hydrate (Pharmaceutical Plant of ... occlusion of a cerebral artery with thrombi and emboli, which leads to an infarction and the death of neural tissue Current treatments are pri-marily palliative and are useful to only a minority of patients

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2011 Xu et al; ... 30672438) and the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos 2006ABC009 and JX4A06). Author details 1 Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, ... toxicity, as shown by serum analysis for biochemical markers of liver and kidney and the histological examination of hematoxylin and eosin stained major organs (Figure 5) Taking all these data into

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... interface of ablated and distant tumors, at the abla-tion injury front and within vascular lakes of ablated and distant tumors These increases persisted at high levels compared to shams at all ... mice had sham TA performed (LA probe was not activated) Panels a and b tumor sections from control (sham ablated) and LA treated animals at day 5 post treatment respectively, stained with rat anti ... post ablation from areas indicated in the diagram of panel a Control mice had sham LA performed (LA probe was not activated) Panels b-d are CD3+ stained tissues from control animals; b liver parenchyma,

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... Rüttinger1†, Margareta Rusan1, Robert Kammerer2, Wolfgang Zimmermann3, Rudolf A Hatz1and Hauke Winter1 Abstract Background: Active-specific immunotherapy used as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy is rather ... Trang 1R E S E A R C H Open AccessCombination immunotherapy and active-specific tumor cell vaccination augments anti-cancer immunity in a mouse model of gastric cancer Natasja K van den ... were analyzed in duplicate Extinction was analyzed at 405/490 nm on a TECAN microplate ELISA reader (TECAN, Crailsheim, Germany) with the EasyWin software (TECAN) The detection limit of the ELISA

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Microbrightfield software and cell density was calcu-lated for striatal and midbrain volumes The striatum was outlined according to anatomical landmarks following the Paxinos atlas[31] To avoid bias in the ... weeks after the striatal lesion All ani-mals showed a marked asymmetry (~90% of the contacts were made using the ipsilateral paw) Histological and stereological procedure Animals were terminally anesthetized ... Neuroregeneration Laboratories, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA and 3 Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Email: Rosario Sánchez-Pernaute

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... using Axiovision 3.1 software Digital images were analyzed using KS300 analysis program (Zeiss) Percentage of immunostained area (area of immunostaining/total image area × 100) was Table 1: Summary ... Single ANOVA statistical analysis was used to assess the significance of the differences in plaque area, glial and C3 activation products reactivity among the animals groups A second method of quantification ... thioflavine and anti CD45 reactivity Figure 2 Immunization of animals at 12–16 months with MAPA β1–33 decreases thioflavine and anti CD45 reactivity A Representative photomicrographs of thioflavine

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... ggaggaatgggagtt-gctgttgaa-3'; iNOS, forward primer, 5'-ggaagaggaacaactactgctggt-3', reverse primer, 5'-gaactgaggg-tacatgctggagc-3' Thermal cycling conditions were as fol-lows: activation of iTaq DNA polymerase at ... homeothermic blanket control unit (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA) Cranial temperature was measured by HSE Plugsys TAM-D (Harvard Apparatus) Blood gases and blood pH were measured by pH/blood gas analyzer ... external carotid artery (ECA) was isolated and ligated A 4-0-monofilament nylon suture (Harvard Apparatus, MA) was inserted through the ECA into the internal carotid artery until a mild resistance

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... prevent disease Histological analysis demonstrated that diazoxide elicited a significant reduction in myelin and axonal loss accompanied by a decrease in glial activation and neuronal damage Diazoxide ... para-paresis of the hind limbs, unsteady gait and impairment of righting reflex; 3, moderate paraparesis, partial hind limb paralysis, voluntary movements still possible and ataxia; 4, paraplegia and ... equally 1 Neurotec Pharma SL, Bioincubadora PCB-Santander, Parc Científic de Barcelona, c/Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Full list of author information is available at the end of

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... duplicate Statistical analysis Statistical analysis of the data was performed using GraphPad Prism version 5.00 for Windows (GraphPad Software, San Diego California, USA, http://www.graph-pad.com) ... Program of Shanghai Municipality (S30202), Shanghai Key Project of Basic Science Research (10411954500), and Program for Outstanding Medical Academic Leader of Shanghai (LJ 06003). Author details ... cytokines, may play an important role in the neuro-degenerative process in PD Activated microglia are found in the SN of mesencephalon in the brain of PD patients [5-8] and of parkinsonian animal models

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... presence of degeneration, necrosis, and disappearance of marrow cells as well as the nuclear disappearance and hypochromasia of trabecular osteocytes as early signs of ON Trang 8[15] Early signs of ... obtained from Charles River Laboratories (Pointe-Claire, QC, Canada) The rats were tagged and housed in plastic cages (2 animals per cage) under standard laboratory conditions with a 12-hour dark/12-hour ... MRI or radiograph from a mouse with the goal of differentiating a normal hip from a hip with ON changes A rat model would allow easier radiographic interpretation, allow facile surgical interventions,

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... (oscar.benjamin@bristol.ac.uk) Thomas H.B Fitzgerald (thbfitz@gmail.com) Peter Ashwin (p.ashwin@exeter.ac.uk) Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova (k.tsaneva-atanasova@bristol.ac.uk) Fahmida Chowdhury (mark.richardson@iop.kcl.ac.uk) ... genetic basis At present, clinical classification ofIGE syndromes is based on easily observable clinical phenomena and qualitative EEG criteria (for examplespecific features of ictal spike and wave ... approachand that based on slow dynamics That is, whether or not a transition is the result of slow dynamics or of a change in parameters depends on the choice of timescale for the model; a parameter

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... Trang 1R E S E A R C H Open AccessBifurcation analysis of a diffusive model of pioneer and climax species interaction Jianxin Liu and Junjie Wei* * Correspondence: weijj@hit.edu.cn Department of ... Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China Abstract A diffusive model of pioneer and climax species interaction is considered We perform a detailed ... f(z), the growth rate of the pioneer population, is generally assumed to be smoothly deceasing, and has a unique positive root at a value z1 so that the crowding is particularly harmful for pioneer

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... pine) and Pinus radiata (radiata pine) stands under a range of silvicultural alternatives, harvesting scenarios and stand productivities that are common in South Europe, and re-late this values ... thinned stands Table V also shows the comparison of exports to the average nutrient capital of six soils of each species This matter may partially explain the lower levels of foliar P in plantations ... the Trang 8Table V Total exports compared to critical exports and average soilcontents (kg ha−1) for the mean site productivity of Pinus pinaster and Pinus radiata and traditional harvest of no

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:21

... Cavitation of the gray matter was seen within cranial and caudal lesions of the SCI site Vacuolar formations and cavitation acted as a physical barrier to the growth of anatomically intact axons ... positive areas Statistical analysis used SPSS 12.0 software (SPSS, USA) Kruskal-Wallis analysis for Olby scores and one- way ANOVA for SEP values and Luxol fast blue positive areas were used p-value ... analgesics contained morphine (Ha Na Pharm, Korea) at 0.15 mg/kg/h, lidocaine HCl (Dai Han Pharm, Korea) at 2 mg/kg/h and ketamine HCl (Yuhan Pharm, Korea) at 0.3 mg/kg/h [26] After the operation,

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 23:22