summarized from wachtel et al 2005 pp 347 354

... (Butler et al., 2001) sometimes resulting in repeat coverage (Latimer-IV et al., 2002, Kurabayashi et al., 1996, Min and Yin, 1998) Non-deterministic approaches include the use of neural networks ... 607 Hall S23 − S27 24.53 374.5 Total S1 − S29 Fig shows the final map (composed of 278 segments) obtained with the sequential method The sequential method could not integrate all the partial maps ... chemical traces (Wagner et al., 1999), and swarm intelligence (Ichikawa and Hara, 1999, Bruemmer et al., 2002, Batalin and Sukhatme, 2002) The non-deterministic approaches can not guarantee complete

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... robots read discrete bool DetectedPoint, PerimeterDetected; Random Coverage RCC Potential Field PFC DetectedPoint == true PerimeterDetected == false PerimeterDetected == false DetectedPoint== true ... social potential fields (Bruemmer et al., 2002) Authors in (Feddema et al., 2002) show outdoor perimeter surveillance over a large area using a swarm 175 A Multi-Robot Testbed that investigates alarms ... The theory of hierarchical hybrid systems (Alur et al., 2001, Fierro et al., h 2002) offers a convenient framework to model the multi-robot system engaged ) in a perimeter detection and tracking

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... (Sellner et al., 2005) (Simmons et al., 2002) (Goldberg et al., 2003) provides a flexible, tiered, multi-agent architecture which we have extended to support sliding autonomy Syndicate differs from ... While this approach multiplies the theoretical capabilities of the deployed hardware, the actual abil∗ This work is partially supported by NASA grant NNA04CK90A 197 L.E Parker et al (eds.), Multi-Robot ... costs Let S(i) = {1, 2, , i − 1, i + 1, , n} denote the set of all tasks different from task i Consider the set of permutations over this set, P(i) = {permutations over S(i)}, and let π denote

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... Parker et al (eds.), Multi-Robot Systems From Swarms to Intelligent Automata Volume III, 211–221 c 2005 Springer Printed in the Netherlands 212 Spears, et al more, it is founded upon theoretical ... computationally efficient) analysis of the flow and make navigational decisions based on this analysis 214 S r Spears, et al Computational efficiency of the fluxotaxis algorithm derives from local sensing and ... most widely applied CPT approach is that of chemotaxis, which consists of following a local gradient of the chemical concentration, ρ, within a plume ((Sandini et al., 1993, Special Issue, 2002))

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... robots have also been used to support embedded networks Lamarca et al use mobile robots to continually calibrate a sensor network (LaMarca et al., 2002) Rahimi et al present an approach for power ... networks to support mobile robot applications Both Batalin and Sukhatme (Batalin et al., 2004) and Li et al.(Li et al., 2003) have developed approaches to navigation using heterogeneous teams composed ... et al (eds.), Multi-Robot Systems From Swarms to Intelligent Automata Volume III, 277–282 c 2005 Springer Printed in the Netherlands 278 O’Hara, et al Additionally, not only can pervasive networks

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... them We also find a strong association between KCGI and two alternate measures of firm value: (market value of equity)/(book value of equity); and (market value of equity)/sales Almeida, ... principal variables used in this study 3.2 Methodological Issues Research on whether there is a causal connection between corporate governance and firm value or performance faces a set ... market value in emerging markets, but little evidence on the “channels” – the ways in which governance affects firm behavior – through which market value is created. 1 The principal goal of

Ngày tải lên: 02/01/2015, 17:32

... association between overall corporate governance practice and firm market value are limited, but work by Gompers et al. (2003), Black (2001), Bebchuk et al. (2004), and Brown and Do Investors Really Value ... firm value. In contrast, Himmelberg et al. (1999) suggest that managerial ownership and firm performance are determined by a common set of characteristics and question the causal relation between ... 15 per cent of the total number of listed companies, the firms chosen account for almost 90 per cent of total market capitalization and almost 80 per cent of the total market turnover. Previous

Ngày tải lên: 02/01/2015, 17:33

... market-adjusted return which restricts the market beta ͑i.e., the correlation between firm return and market return͒ to 1, we include market return in the regression model For robustness, we also ... stock market responded negatively to the announcement of an auditor switch ͑e.g., Dhaliwal et al 1993; Shu 2000͒ From a beneficial reason perspective, recent studies ͑e.g., Ettredge et al 2007; ... total assets ͑#6͒ in CFOt year t; ⌬REVt ϭ the change in sales revenue ͑#12͒ between year t−1 and t divided by total assets in year t; ϭ gross value of PPE ͑#7͒ in year t divided by total assets

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:41

... using the market-based proxy for perceived audit quality. Accrual-based proxies for audit quality Variable measurement and empirical model Johnson et al. (2002) and Myers et al. (2003) use ... Kothari et al. (2005) because they demonstrate that performance-matched abnormal accruals capture earnings management better than do traditional Jones model-estimated abnormal accruals. Specifically, ... important empirical regularities in the U.S. audit market (e.g., Myers et al. 2003) can also be found in Taiwanese audit data (Chen et al. 2008). Thus, there are significant similarities between Taiwan

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:41

... later equations TotalAccuralst =Assetst1 ẳ ỵ 1=Assetst1 ị þ β1 ðΔSt−ΔARt Þ=Assetst−1 β2 ðPPEt−1 =Assetst−1 Þ þ β3 ROAt1 ỵ t 1ị where total accruals (TotalAccruals) equal net income before extraordinary ... quality, which relies on empirical research using Australian (Carey & Simnett, 2006; Hamilton et al., 2005) and Taiwanese (Chen et al., 2008; Chi et al., 2009) audit data, is mixed Experimental ... PPEt1 =Assetst1 ị ỵ ROAt1 ỵ t where Total Accruals equals net income before extraordinary items minus operating cash flows DA equals the deviation of total accruals from the model predicted values

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:41

... promoting audit quality Following Myers et al (2003) and Johnson et al (2002), we first use two accrualbased proxies for audit quality: abnormal accruals and abnormal working capital accruals We find ... Growth potential, Growth, calculated as the sum of market value of equity and book value of total debt divided by book value of total assets, all measured at the end of the first half of year t; ... prediction and Myers et al (2003) 4.1.3 Empirical Findings Based on Abnormal Working Capital Accruals We also use abnormal working capital accruals (AWCA) as a second proxy for audit quality and re-estimate...

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:41

... defined above, DSALESi;t is change in sales scaled by lagged total assets (ASSETSi,tÀ1), and PPEi,t is net property, plant and equipment scaled by ASSETSi,tÀ1 Discretionary accruals from the modified-Jones ... Data14Þ=lagged Data6Š; DSALESi;t is change in sales scaled by lagged total assets (ASSETSi,tÀ1), and PPEi,t is net property, plant and equipment scaled by ASSETSi,tÀ1 Discretionary accruals from the Jones ... lagged Data6] DSALESi;t is change in sales scaled by lagged total assets (ASSETSi,tÀ1), and PPEi,t is net property, plant and equipment scaled by ASSETSi,tÀ1 Discretionary accruals from the Jones...

Ngày tải lên: 02/01/2015, 17:34

... of earnings management (Dhaliwal et al. , 1982; and Warfield et al. , 1995) Also, there is evidence in both the US and the UK of a negative association between managerial share ownership and both ... et al 1995) Both methods involve estimating parameters for normal accrual activity by regressing a measure of accounting accruals on proxies for normal business activity These estimated normal ... have generally defined total operating accruals as working capital accruals plus a key long-term accrual, depreciation We ignore the long-term component of total accruals, for several reasons...

Ngày tải lên: 02/01/2015, 17:34

... Jiambalvo, 1994; Becker et al. , 1998; Bartov et al. , 2000) Under this model, the level of discretionary accruals for a particular firm is calculated as the difference between the firm’s total accruals ... predicted level of non-discretionary accruals (NDAC) from total accruals, as calculated under the cash-flow approach (standardized by lagged total assets) TAC ijt = total accruals for firm i in industry ... net income between t and t − divided by total assets SIZE (firm size) = natural log of total assets MKT (market to book ratio) = the market value of shareholders’ equity divided by the book value...

Ngày tải lên: 02/01/2015, 17:34

... asymmetry at the time of the IPO Balvers et al (1998) and Hogan (1997) find that big five auditors are associated with lower under-pricing of the offering Balvers et al (1998) argue that a high quality ... of total accruals is used as a control variable because Becker et al (1998) provide evidence that this is significantly negatively related to unexpected accruals Also MAJ 20,1 94 Francis et al (1999) ... Teoh et al (1998b) find that managers use unexpected accruals opportunistically in the IPO process Managers may try to signal the firm’s future prospects through unexpected accruals The log of sales...

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:41

... natural logarithm of total assets (#6); decile rank of absolute value of residual from regression of annual returns on annual earnings (#18), changes in annual earnings, both scaled by total assets ... performance matched discretionary accruals per the modified Jones [1991] model scaled by ending total assets LEVERAGE equals total debt divided by total assets BLOCK is equal to one if an outside ... distinction between our analysis and Myers et al. ’s (2003) is that we performance adjust discretionary accruals (our dependent variable), whereas Myers et al (2003) does not Given our much smaller sample...

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:41

... Audit costs 0 1 2 Audit market competition 0 1 2 Capital market reaction 0 3 Total 16 24 30 Total 24 Note: The total of the empirical studies (24) is different from the total shown in this figure ... bankruptcies was collected from the yearly publication “Bankruptcy Almanac”, relating to the U.S market Real estate and financial utilities companies were deleted from the sample In total, 117 companies ... relationship between a company and audit firm is associated with financial reporting quality The analysis is conducted using two empirical proxies of quality: the absolute value of unexpected accruals...

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:41

... Cash flow from operations in year t scaled by total assets in year t-1 = Total assets in year t = log of the market value of equity in year t = Ratio of total liabilities to total assets in year ... incremental effect of partner rotation, and estimate the following regression: OI = α + α DRET + α PSWITCH + α DRET * PSWITCH + β MRET + β MRET * DRET + β MRET * PSWITCH + β MRET * DRET * PSWITCH ... = Operating income in year t scaled by total assets in year t-1 DRET = if MRET in year t is less than 0; else = MRET = Fiscal year share return adjusted for the All Ordinary Index in year t PSWITCH...

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:42

... antitakeover devices, abnormal returns, sales growth, the ration of net-liquid assets to total assets, debt/equity ratios, market/book ratios, price/earnings ratios and total assets (size) for 1977–91 ... analysis alone that there is a unique set of optimal rules that are universally applicable to all corporations and economies, just as there is no single political constitution that is universally ... other financial markets as evidence that stock valuations are as likely to reflect fundamental value as not They argue that when stock valuations deviate in this way from fundamental value they...

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:49

... coefficients at infinite dilution are calculated, which are listed in Table where "Exp." denotes experimental values, and "Cal.l", "Cal.2" and "Cal.3" denote calculated values from models 1, and 3, respectively ... parameter Vi can be calculated by using the relative van der Waals volumes Rk of the different groups v; = J'' ( 84 ) VA s All other parameters are calculated in the same way as in the original ... assumption of ideal solution is virtually different from the assumption of ideal gas in that in the latter the ideal gas law is tenable According to the ideal gas law, not only yiv = 1, but also l...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 11:32