state space frequency response time domain

... example, [1, 9, 10], can be converted into space-frequency block codes (SFBCs) simply by spreading the time domain signal of STBC within the frequency domain. This conversion works well if adjacent ... Furthermore, with the assumption that the space, time, and frequency domains are independent of each other [13], the correlation coefficient between the channel frequency response h mn (p)andh m  n  (p ... scenarios, achieving full space and frequency diversity is not a top priority but how to achieve a given transmit diversity order efficiently across both space and frequency domains is a more important

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... a state-space model [19–21] The state-space model has been well defined and widely ap-plied to dynamic systems However, we did not find studies in the literature that have applied the state-space ... es-timating the user state The idea of eses-timating the tracing path of relevance feedbacks motivated us to design a state-space model of the user state described in (1) The state-space model has ... ≤ k ≤ K A STATE-SPACE MODEL The state-space approach has been widely applied to the analysis of dynamic systems, which involve estimating the state of a system which changes over time from a

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... “measured multipath parameters.” The reader is referred to [11] which describes subspace-based joint space-time filtering and estimation procedures From field trials in real propagation environments ... constant and equal for all paths and points in time The measured parameters of the particular path la-beled with the time index are related to the state of the path via the linear measurement equation: ... measured path and initial state covariance matrix PInit There aren K measured paths at each point in time, however, only one measurement can be associated with the predicted state estimate We propose

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... every frequency bin Trang 4x2 x3 L point STFT ω1 ω2 ω L L point ISTFT y1 y2 y3 Figure 3: Illustration of frequency domain convolutive BSS with frequency permutation The advantage of frequency domain ... diagram, “reg” means regular time-domain BSS algorithm; “par56” means MMax partial update time domain BSS algorithm with M = 56; “par48” means MMax partial update time-domain BSS algorithm withM ... problem of frequency domain con-volutive BSS [8,9] These built-in problems in frequency do-main approaches make it worthwhile to reconsider ways of reducing the complexity of time-domain approaches

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission through frequency-selective channels, this paper pursues a channel estimation approach in time domain for both space-frequency OFDM ... applied in the con-text of space-time block coding (STBC) either in the time do-main for the estimation of channel impulse response (CIR) [12,13] or in the frequency domain for the estimation ... Article ID 39026, Pages 1 14 DOI 10.1155/ASP/2006/39026 A Low-Complexity Time-Domain MMSE Channel Estimator for Space-Time/Frequency Block-Coded OFDM Systems Habib S¸enol, 1 Hakan Ali C¸ırpan, 2

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... of a time-domain equalizer (TEQ) to shorten the channel, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to perform multicarrier demodula-tion, and a frequency-domain equalizer (FEQ) to invert the frequency response ... n)s(k −1− n) 2 , (30) whereS = {1, , Δ, Δ + ν + 2, , N }ands(n) is the time-domain equivalent of the frequency-time-domain weighting func-tionS x,iand is defined as s(n) = N−1 i =0 S x,i e ... −1 −1.5 −2 Discrete time Original channel Shortened channel Figure 1: Example of the channel impulse response (carrier serving area loop 1), and the shortened channel impulse response obtained

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... (z). (34) In the appendix, it is shown that the frequency response of the distortion function can be expressed using the zero-phase frequency response V 0R (ωT)as V 0  e jωT  = e − j(N G L+N ... Johansson, “New classes of frequency-response masking. .. wenborg, and H Johansson, Modulated o m-channel FIR filter banks utilizing the frequency response masking approach, ... regard the magnitude response of the prototype filters and the phase response of Pa (e jωT )Ps (e jωT ) (properties (1) and (2) in Section 3.3) The frequency responses of G(e jωT

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... conditionally linear Gaussian state-space models, autoregressive models 1 INTRODUCTION State-space models have been around for quite a long time to model dynamic systems State-space models are used in ... CONDITIONALLY GAUSSIAN STATE-SPACE MODELS 3.1 Conditionally linear Gaussian state-space model As emphasized in the introduction, CGLSSMs are a partic-ular class of state-space models which are ... be used in real-time imple-mentations In this paper, we consider a special case of state-space model, often referred to in the literature as conditionally Gaussian linear state-space models (CGLSSMs),

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... Transfer Functions and Frequency Response
 Robert Stengel, Aircraft Flight Dynamics
 MAE 331, 2012" •  Frequency domain view of initial condition response" •  Response of dynamic systems ... Function" Short-Period Frequency Response (s = j  ) Expressed as Amplitude Ratio and Phase Angle" Pitch-rate frequency response" Angle-of-attack frequency response" Δq( j ω ... φ α ( ω ) Bode Plot (Frequency Response of a Scalar Transfer Function)  Angle and Rate Response of a DC Motor over Wide Input- Frequency Range " !  Long-term response of a dynamic

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 19:27

... Trang 1Frequency response Introduction  Low-frequency analysis  High-frequency analysis  Low-frequency response of BJT & FET amplifier  Miller effect capacitance  High-frequency response ... by a factor of 0.707 f1 cutoff frequency at low frequency f2 cutoff frequency at high frequency Trang 7Low-frequency response of BJT amplifier Trang 8Cutoff low-frequency by source capacitance ... short-circuit equivalent at high frequency open-circuit equivalent at low frequency Trang 4Low-frequency analysisLow frequency, C is open-circuit equivalent ⇒ V o =0, A v =0 High frequency, C is short-circuit

Ngày tải lên: 02/08/2014, 18:20

... environmental change may be modelled using the state-space approach The state-space ap-proach relies on the assumption that the state of a system at any given time contains the information needed to ... numbers from some initial state to the state at some later point in time, using the years ing height, the state at the end of the growth period may be predicted from the state at the beginning of ... mortality) is modelled from the state of the system at any * Corresponding author: tnl@kvl.dk point in time and any future state is predicted from the cur-rent state and curcur-rent and future

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:21

... equilibrium in frequency domain is given by where o is the circular frequency of exciting forces or loads and Z(o) Ử (K
o2M) is referred to as dynamic stiffness matrix The frequency response vector ... methods; Modal analysis; Adaptive technique; Frequency response function; Sensitivity analysis; Mode superposition; Mode acceleration 1 Introduction Frequency response function (FRF) is a very important ... ‘‘high’’ frequency ranges are defined in quality in this paper rather than in quantity For example, the low frequency range denotes that this frequency range covers the lowest natural frequency

Ngày tải lên: 03/12/2014, 23:41

... Each atomic statement is labeled with a distinguished value of ⃗ ⃗ state of the form “k :” For a list of statements, say S, let f irst(S) be the value of state of ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ its first statement in ... while(⟨guard⟩){⟨estmts⟩})(c) := [state = k ∧ guard = T] → {state := f irst(⟨estmts⟩)} [state = k ∧ guard = F] → {state := c} T (⟨estmts⟩)(k) Now we can transform a component process P that contains a sequence of statements ... common-event-labeled statements in P1 and P2 , written in (k1 : e{S1 })(c1 ) ⃗ and (k2 : e{S2 })(c2 ), their transformation will result in one statement, i.e., [state1 = k1 ∧state2 = ⃗ ⃗ k2 ]e → {S1 ; S2 ; state1

Ngày tải lên: 08/09/2015, 18:10

... Packet Loss Ratio 163 sb Mean batch service time 53 sCT S Time till successful reception of CTS from state 1 to state 6 62 sp Mean packet service time 53 xxvi Trang 31ς Received signal-to-noise ... Signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) 34 t Time window 29 tA Timer to wait for CTS or ACK 51 tB Time for batch transmission 58 tB V CS Time for batch transmission in VCS states 58 T Normalized throughput ... 164E(m, n) Expected no: of times in state n if starts in state m 60 F Fundamental matrix 60 G Girth in SuperTDMA concept 143 γ Utility variable for service time computation 62 i Number

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:39

... boundary 44  Fig 3-11 Continuous-wave technique 49  Fig 3-12 Frequency-domain (frequency-modulate) techniques 51  Fig 3-13 Time-domain diffuse optical technique 55  Trang 11Fig 3-14 TPSF acquisition ... in-deep, including three most popular DOT/DOS techniques: continuous-wave (CW), frequency-domain (FD) and time-domain technique Part II: Chapter 4 systematically describes the working principle ... energy state Another half of hydrogen atoms are lined up against the magnetic field at a higher energy state The atoms number at lower energy state is slightly more than the atoms at high energy state

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 11:35

... to time domain equalizers is their frequency domain counterparts Frequency domain equalizer for OFDM with insufficient CP are covered in [26; 27; 28] Among the frequency domain ... Compared to UTC, the frequency response of UEC has more deep nulls. The error rate 25 performance of each sub-carrier is related to the frequency response. Figure 3.8: Frequency Responses and BER ... frequency domain counterparts. Frequency domain equalizer for OFDM with insufficient CP are covered in [26; 27; 28]. Among the frequency domain equalizers covered, frequency domain DFE gives the best

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 15:56

... affect the low-frequency response. Trang 20FroydWess - Online Notes BJT Amplifier Low-Frequency Response The Bode plot indicates that each capacitor may have a different cutoff frequency. It ... cutoff frequency (f L ) is closest to the actual cutoff frequency of the amplifier. Trang 26FroydWess - Online Notes BJT Amplifier High-Frequency Response Capacitances that affect the high-frequency ... transistor varies with frequency f ≅ 1 Trang 30FroydWess - Online Notes BJT Amplifier Frequency Response Note the highest lower cutoff frequency (fL) and the lowest upper cutoff frequency (fH) are

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2016, 19:31

... Numerical Results of Parallel PMS-AIM Implementation 152 Time Domain Integral Equation 5.1 Time Domain Integral Equation Formulation 5.2 Far Field Scattering ... transform of the aggregate current array to the spectral -frequency domain and the number of inverse FFT transform of the spectral -frequency domain transient fields It is faster than the existing ... 5.16 Average time to compute Vscat per unit time step for the PEC plates l analysis 5.17 Average time to compute Vscat per unit time step for the PEC...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:06

... crucial in time series analysis In the state equation, time dependencies in the observed time series are dealt with by letting the state at time t + be a function of the state at time t Therefore, ... Introduction This book introduces time series analysis using state space methodology to readers who are neither familiar with time series analysis nor with state space methods The only background ... state space modelling The important difference is that the intercept in a regression model is fixed whereas the level component in a state space model is allowed to change from time point to time...

Ngày tải lên: 10/06/2014, 21:34

... transport For example, time delays in regulation may stem from the time taken for the transport of a regulatory protein to its site of action Recently, state- space models with time delays have been ... use of state- space modelling with time- series microarray data can be found in the thesis of Koh [15] Methodology The tdGRN approach consists of three parts First, we implement a state- space model ... all The above state- space models [7–10] not take time delay in gene regulatory networks into consideration However, examination of microarray data reveals a considerable number of time delayed...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20