sql and relational theory by c j date pdf

... 73 Production Process Characterization3.5 Case Studies 3.5.2 Machine Screw Case Study 3.5.2.1 Background and Data Introduction A machine shop has three automatic screw machines that produce various ... Production Process Characterization3.5 Case Studies 3.5.1 Furnace Case Study 3.5.1.5 Final Conclusions Final Conclusions This simple study of a furnace oxide growth process indicated that the process ... http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/ppc/section5/ppc516.htm (3 of 3) [5/1/2006 10:18:02 AM] Trang 63 Production Process Characterization3.5 Case Studies 3.5.2 Machine Screw Case Study Introduction This case study

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 21:20

... RENAME CITY AS SCITY ) TIMES ( P RENAME CITY AS PCITY ) TIMES ( J RENAME CITY AS JCITY ) ) WHERE SCITY =/ PCITY OR PCITY =/ JCITY OR JCITY =/ SCITY ) { S#, P#, J# } 7.20 ( ( ( S RENAME CITY AS SCITY ... tables for OR, AND, and AND NOT, respectively; of course, the resemblance isn't a coincidence As for restrict and project, we have: • Any restriction of DEE yields DEE if the restriction condition ... 7.13 J 7.14 J WHERE CITY = 'London' 7.15 ( SPJ WHERE J# = J# ( 'J1' ) ) { S# } 7.16 SPJ WHERE QTY ≥ QTY ( 300 ) AND QTY ≤ QTY ( 750 ) 7.17 P { COLOR, CITY } 7.18 ( S JOIN P JOIN J ) { S#, P#, J#

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... SPJX.S# AND SX.CITY = 'London' AND JX.J# = SPJX.J# AND JX.CITY = 'London' ) 8.13.23 { SX.CITY AS SCITY, JX.CITY AS JCITY } WHERE EXISTS SPJX ( SPJX.S# = SX.S# AND SPJX.J# = JX.J# ) 8.13.24 SPJX.P# ... EXISTS JX ( SX.CITY = JX.CITY AND SPJX.S# = SX.S# AND SPJX.J# = JX.J# ) 8.13.25 SPJX.J# WHERE EXISTS SX EXISTS JX ( SX.CITY =/ JX.CITY AND SPJX.S# = SX.S# AND SPJX.J# = JX.J# ) 8.13.26 { SPJX.P# ... JY.CITY ≥ JX.CITY ) Or: JX.J# WHERE JX.CITY = MIN ( JY.CITY ) 8.13.38 SPJX.J# WHERE SPJX.P# = P# ( 'P1' ) AND AVG ( SPJY WHERE SPJY.P# = P# ( 'P1' ) AND SPJY.J# = SPJX.J#, QTY ) > MAX ( SPJZ.QTY

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... Rejected (violates RESTRICT specification) f Accepted (project J4 and all shipments for project J4 are deleted) g Accepted h Rejected (candidate key uniqueness violation) Copyright (c) 2003 C J ... SELECT * FROM J AS JY WHERE ( JX.J# JY.J# AND JX.CITY = JY.CITY ) ) ) ) ; e CREATE ASSERTION SQL_E CHECK ( ( SELECT COUNT(*) FROM S WHERE S.CITY = 'Athens' ) ≤ ) ; f CREATE ASSERTION SQL_F CHECK ... UPDATE on SPJ.QTY p UPDATE on SPJ.QTY q UPDATE on S.CITY 9.5 a Accepted b Rejected (candidate key uniqueness violation) c Rejected (violates RESTRICT specification) d Accepted (supplier S3 and all

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... P.COLOR = COLOR ( 'Red' ) AND P.WEIGHT < WEIGHT ( 50.0 ) ) ) ; n CREATE ASSERTION SQL_N CHECK ( ( SELECT COUNT ( DISTINCT P# ) FROM SPJ WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM S WHERE ( S.S# = SPJ.S# AND ... S.CITY = 'London' ) ) ) > ( SELECT COUNT ( DISTINCT P# ) FROM SPJ WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM S WHERE ( S.S# = SPJ.S# AND S.CITY = 'Paris' ) ) ) ) ; o CREATE ASSERTION SQL_O CHECK ( ( SELECT ... ( SELECT * FROM SPJ WHERE SPJ.S# = S.S# AND SPJ.P# = P# ( 'P2' ) ) ) ) ; m CREATE ASSERTION SQL_M CHECK ( NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM P WHERE P.COLOR = COLOR ( 'Red' ) ) OR EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... also, A → C (given), hence BA → BC by augmentation Hence A → BC by transitivity Trang 9The composition rule states that if A → B and C → D, then AC → BD Proof: A → B (given), hence AC → BC by augmentation; ... way──special rules for union, special rules for divide, and so on Everything becomes a special case (in fact, consistency dictates inconsistency!) This surely can't be a good idea Of course, ... INSERTs and DELETEs all succeed, of course.) ■ Again, if we decide to treat join views in some special way, then consistency dictates that we treat EACH AND EVERY relational operator in its own special

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... {EMP#,JOBTITLE}), and hence JOB1 isn't in 2NF We can replace it by JOB2A { EMP#, JOBTITLE } PRIMARY KEY { EMP#, JOBTITLE } and JOB2B { EMP#, DEPT# } PRIMARY KEY { EMP# } Trang 7However, JOB2A is a projection ... projections and then joining those projections back together again Let (a,b,c) ε R Then (a,b) ε R1 and (a,c) ε R2, and so (a,b,c) ε R1 JOIN R2 Next we show that every tuple of the join is indeed ... anomalies can be eliminated by normalization (i.e., by taking projections) In fact, of course, normalization can eliminate precisely those anomalies that are caused by FDs or MVDs or JDs that

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... SPJ_JD SPJ = SPJ { S#, P# } JOIN SPJ { P#, J# } JOIN SPJ { J#, S# } ; Calculus version: CONSTRAINT SPJ_JD SPJ = { SPJX.S#, SPJY.P#, SPJZ.J# } WHERE SPJX.P# = SPJY.P# AND SPJY.J# = SPJZ.J# AND ... SELECT DISTINCT COURSE, TEACHER, TEXT FROM CTXD AS CTXD1 WHERE CTXD1.COURSE = CTXD2.COURSE AND CTXD1.TEACHER = CTXD2.TEACHER AND CTXD1.TEXT = CTXD2.TEXT ) ; You might want to discuss this SQL ... NATURAL JOIN ( SELECT DISTINCT COURSE, TEXT FROM CTXD ) AS POINTLESS2 ) ) AS CTXD2 WHERE CTXD1.COURSE = CTXD2.COURSE AND CTXD1.TEACHER = CTXD2.TEACHER AND CTXD1.TEXT = CTXD2.TEXT ) AND ( NOT

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... most recent version of the object produced by a transaction on that private list Write operations, by contrast, are directed to the actual current data object (which is why write/write conflict testing ... IF SQLSTATE = '02000' THEN DO ; EXEC SQL CLOSE CP ; EXEC SQL COMMIT ; eof := TRUE ; END DO ; ELSE print P#, ; END IF ; END DO ; EXEC SQL DELETE FROM P WHERE P.P# = :P# ; EXEC SQL COMMIT AND CHAIN ... 1SELECT P.P#, P.PNAME, P.COLOR, P.WEIGHT, P.CITY FROM P ORDER BY P# ; eof := FALSE ; EXEC SQL START TRANSACTION ; EXEC SQL OPEN CP ; DO WHILE ( NOT eof ) ; DO count := 1 TO 10 ; EXEC SQL FETCH CP

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... nulls in SQL! (By contrast, the book as such──i.e., the eighth edition, especially Chapter 19──concentrates on the model or conceptual difficulties caused by such things.) Answers to Exercises ... procedures 4 Generate query plans and choose the cheapest In practice, Stage 1 effectively becomes "convert the SQL query to a relational algebra equivalent" (and that's what real commercial ... Strategy This section describes the historically important Ingres query decomposition approach and can serve as a springboard for getting into specifics of other tricks and techniques The section might

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... than there are circles And colored circles can't be obtained from circles via S by C, either Note the remark to the effect that "COLORED_CIRCLE is a subtype of CIRCLE to exactly the same extent ... (in our experience, rather confusing and unhelpful) terms and concepts result covariance and argument contravariance "Result contravariance" is just an obvious consequence of substitutability ... specific──i.e., explicitly specialized──implementation code must be provided for each specific join, each specific union, etc., etc.: surely not a very desirable state of affairs? How can it be justified?

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... marketing and pricing strategies than it does with technical issues.) ────────── 21.7 SQL Facilities Explain client/server capabilities──CONNECT, DISCONNECT, SET CONNECTION (not in too much detail) By ... columns, and tables in place of tuples, attributes, and relation values and variables (relvars); Trang 4we use logical schema and physical schema in place of conceptual schema and internal schema ... "[This section] is critical of the star schema [approach] but proposes no alternative." Actually, the section isn't so much critical of star schemas as such (how could it be, without a precise

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... course, we've discussed certain ideas from logic in this book already, especially in our description of relational calculus in Chapter 8 Relational calculus is directly based on logic However, there's ... model-theoretic vs proof-theoretic perceptions (in outline) Discuss deductive axioms (rules by which, given certain facts, we're able to deduce additional facts) Of course, deductive axioms are really just ... Describe the resolution technique carefully 24.4 Predicate Calculus Again, a tutorial for database people Note the big difference between propositional and predicate calculus: Predicate calculus

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... contains ( J contains ( P ) ) S contains ( P and J ) P contains ( J contains ( S ) ) P contains ( S contains ( J ) ) P contains ( J and S ) J contains ( S contains ( P ) ) J contains ( P contains ... 9hierarchies at all, consisting of an "SP" class, a "PJ" class, and a "JS" class 25.12 The performance factors discussed were clustering, caching, pointer swizzling, and ... references to the object in question) Then in order to delete an object X, we must first find all objects Y that include a reference to X; for each such object Y, we must then either delete that object

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... ANSI/SPARC architecture: Hierarchic external level defined over relational conceptual level "XML collection" is appropriate for data-centric applications 27.7 SQL Facilities "SQL/XML" ... INSERTs and DELETEs XMLDOC values within such tuples can be replaced in their entirety using conventional UPDATEs XMLDOC values can participate in Trang 6read-Copyright (c) 2003 C J Date page ... restrictions and projections but not joins Hence XQuery, which does have the ability to construct new nodes Explain: • Similarities and differences between XQuery expressions and relational calculus

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... Scalar types in SQL 39 Type checking and coercion in SQL 40 Collations in SQL 42 Row and table types in SQL 43 Concluding remarks 45 Exercises 46 Chapter 3 Tuples and Relations, Rows and ... PM www.it-ebooks.info SQL and Relational Theory: How to Write Accurate SQL Code (2 nd edition) by C. J. Date Copyright â 2012 C. J. Date. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ... standard calls Core SQL or don’t have much to do with relational processing as such. Examples here include the so called analytic or window (OLAP) functions; dynamic SQL; temporary tables; and...

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2014, 12:34

... occurs the capital fact discovered by Mendel and called by him segregation. A cell divides into two—which are the final gametes. One of these will definitely contain the Mendelian factor, and ... of accounts, the testing of drains, and the principles of child psychology, but it has not been thought suitable to discuss with her the care of a baby. How could any nice-minded teacher care ... especially in attending carefully, in the case of each individual, to the indications furnished by that characteristic physiological function, interference with which necessarily imperils womanhood....

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 12:20

... inductive method of computing the cyclotomic polynomials. Alterna- tively ask Maple by typing: with(numtheory); cyclotomic(n,X);. Because X n − 1has coefficients in Z and is monic, any monic factor ... example: D(aX 2 + bX + c) =b 2 − 4ac D(X 3 + bX + c) =−4b 3 − 2 7c 2 . By completing the cube, one can put any cubic polynomial in this form. The formulas for the discriminant rapidly become very complicated, for ... characteristic 0 and in characteristic p. For example, let f(X 1 , , X n ) ∈ Z[X 1 , , X n ]. We can (i) look at the solutions of f =0inC, and so get a topological space; (ii) reduce mod p, and...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 15:02

... forward by their abbreviated titles alone (viz., SQL and Relational Theory and Database Design and Relational Theory, respectively). www.it-ebooks.info The Technical Context / Chapter ... Union and difference examples 220 More on predicates 223 Concluding remarks 224 www.it-ebooks.info 30 Chapter 2 / The Technical Context subject to The Assignment Principle and because ... e f a c e This book is the third in a series. Its predecessors were as follows:  SQL and Relational Theory: How to Write Accurate SQL Code (2nd edition)  Database Design and Relational...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 09:01