springer optimization and its applications volume 61

... the understanding of evolutionary optimization algorithms and provides valuable guidance for algorithm selection and parameter tuning in practical applications By establishing a standardized ... 4,.42,a,b,8,45 random number between 0 and 1 I4 diode current (A) Asha random number subject to standard normal distribution la reverse saturation current (A) pl,p2,p3 random integers between 1 and N ... informing decision-making and facilitating further development of superior optimization algorithms 1.2 Scope and Limitations This project evaluates and improves evolutionary optimization algorithms,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2024, 17:01

... number of k-th species per unit volume Here the species in phases 1 and 2 are lattice atoms A and B, vacancies v and interstitial atoms A and B, which are denoted as Ai and Bi Since N0 = NB + NA + ... non-equilibrium phase and structure formation and deformation-enhanced diffusion during MA, which is necessary for optimization of existing and development of novel MA-based technologies and MA-produced ... conditions parameters D* and cv0 in both phases are very small species/ phases D0, cm2/s E, kJ/mol Table 1 Parameters D0 and E for self and impurity diffusion in Al and Cu (Brandes & Brook, 1992),...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 06:20

... an aqueous to an organic phase, and absorption and desorption of carbon dioxide into and from organic solvents by Colinet et al., 2003, Lavabre et al., 2005, and Sun, 2006 respectively In general, ... the components of H2S-MEA-H2O and CO2-MEA-H2O were investigated by Buzek, 1983 Absorption of H2S by MEA solution was an instantaneous and irreversible reaction, and the mass transfer resistance ... thinker liquid layer, and mass transfer devices were elucidated in the first Secondly, the definitions related to artificial and spontaneous Marangoni convections were described And then effects of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 06:20

... pulp and paper industry is a vital manufacturing sector that meets the demands of individuals and society Paper is an essential part of our culture and daily lives, as it is used to store and ... used in a wide range of applications, from non-structural to structural applications, outdoor and indoor, mostly in construction and furniture, but also in decoration and packaging The large-scale ... age of computers and electronic communication, paper is still envisaged as one of the most convenient and durable option of data storage, and a material of excellence for artists and writers It...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 06:20

... a variety of applications in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries [Hong, et al., 2002] The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved lactic acid and its salts to ... & Pelton A.D (1996) Critical Evaluation and Optimization of the Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Diagrams of the CrO-Cr2O3, CrO-Cr2O3 -Al2O3, and CrO-Cr2O3-CaO Systems J Phase Equilibria, ... cobalt and nickel near the scale surface are constant and independent of the holding time, as shown by lines (a) and (b) of Fig 6 Because the oxidation treatments use the same PO2 transition and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 06:20

... coalescence and bubble size and hence decreases both gas holdup and kLa For these cases, Koide et al (1984) and Yasunishi et al (1986) proposed correlations for kLa prediction Sauer and Hempel ... dissipation and their time scale is given by Kolmogoroff (1941) Turbulence in the immediate vicinity of a bubble affects heat and mass transfer rates between the bubble and the liquid and may lead to its ... by its length l (major axis of the ellipsoid) and its height h (minor axis of the ellipsoid) The ellipsoidal bubble length l and height h can be estimated by the formulas derived by Tadaki and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 06:20

... loading and agitation speed, therefore, effect of enzyme loading and agitation speed on fatty acid methyl ester productivity in terms of intrinsic and external mass transfer limitations and the ... the Hydrodynamic and Mass Transfer Parameters in Bubble Column and Slurry Bubble Column Reactors, Fuel Proc Technol., Vol 89, 322-343 Trang 2Leonard, J H & Houghton, G (1961) Nature (London), ... Gas Holdup and Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient in Bubble Columns with Dilute Alcohol Solutions, AIChE J., Vol 33, 497–499 Raymond, D R & Zieminski, S A (1971) Mass Transfer and Drag Coefficients...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 06:20

... heat and mass transfer and condensation capture of fine dust in scrubbers was formulated, and its efficiency was determined The suggested model can be used for preliminary calculations and estimation ... dependence (9): and inlet, and temperatures Т(H) and Т00 are assumed average from data presented The theoretical value of efficiency for the given version of calculation is η=89.3 %, and the diagrams ... density on distance l near the droplet surface calculated by its temperature equal to the temperature of saturation; δ0 and δd are initial and final diameters of droplet; ρf is droplet density; δ...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 06:20

... Systems and its Applications 510 (a) (b) (c) Fig. 6. Chemical structures of the organic extractants: (a) Aliquat 336, (b) Cyanex 301, and (c) Cyanex 923 (Mohapatra and Manchanda, 2008) ... success of As and/or Hg separation. Iberhan and Wisniewski (Iberhan and Wisniewski, 2002) extracted As(III) and As(V) using the organic extractants of Cyanex 925, Cyanex 301 and a mixture between ... feed-membrane interface according to its concentration gradient, and again TOA is reacted with HgCl 4 2− ions from the feed. Mass Transfer in Multiphase Systems and its Applications 514 Thus, the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 06:20

... materials, the reactor should also facilitate good heat and mass transfer Therefore the analysis and optimization of MH reactor are very important, and numerical simulation has become a powerful tool ... MH reactor 2.2 Reactor geometry and operation The tubular type reactor is developed early and widely used, especially for the heat pump and thermal compression applications, as reviewed by (Yang ... developed by (Kuznetsov and Vafai, 1995; Jemni & Ben Nasrallah, 1995a; Jemni and Ben Nasrallah, 1995b) These authors formulated 2-D mathematical models based on the volume averaging method...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 06:20

... radius of about 1.5 cm and length of 350 cm, the available surface area and volume are 3297 cm2 and 2473 ml, respectively In reality, the actual volume is around 600 ml and the effective intestinal ... distribution, metabolism and excretion) studies In nature, transport occurs in fluids through the combination of advection and diffusion Diffusion occurs as a result of random thermal motion and is mass transfer ... approach (Ho and Higuchi, 1974) and often is referred to as the diffusion layer model The Calculated P eff* values for tested drugs and the corresponding plot are shown in Table 2 and Fig 2 respectively...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 06:20

... rapidly around the world both in research and commercial applications (Strathman et al., 2006; Yang and Cicek, 2006; Giorno and Drioli, 2000; Marcano and Tsotsis, 2002) Integrating the properties ... is possible to see from Figs 8a and b, for given operational conditions and a “good” initial guess of the calculated column variables (V and L concentrations and temperature profiles, etc.), ... (bacteria, yeast, mammalian and plant cells) (Brotherton and Chau, 1990; Sheldon and Small, 2005), bioactive molecules such as enzymes (Rios et al., 2007; Charcosset, 2006; Frazeres and Cabral, 2001) to...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 06:20

... given by eqs A10 and A11, from starting from T2 and S2 up to TN and SN Thus, one can get the following equations for prediction of the Ti and Si from Ti-1 and Si-1: Now knowing the Ti and Si (with ... Navier-Stokes and Darcy’s law combined model for fluid flow in crossflow filtration tubular membranes, Desalination, 161, 67-77 Ferreira, B.S., Fernandes, P & Cabral J.M.S (2001) Design and modeling ... 273 143-151 Mulder, M.H.V Polarization phenomena and membrane fouling In Noble and Stern (Ed.) Membrane separation technology, principles and applications, Elsevier, Oxford, 1995 Nagy E (1995)...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 06:20

... K atm-1), Qi and Qo is the volumetric air flow rate at the air in and outlet (dm3 min-1), Pi and Po is the total pressure at the bioreactor air in and outlet (atm absolute), Ti and To is the ... temperature of the gases at the in and outlet (ºK), VL is the volume of the broth contained in the vessel in dm3, and yi and yo is the mole fraction of O2 at the in and outlet (Wang et al 1979) The ... Rouillard, A E and Judd, R (1998) Hydrodynamic flow regimes, gas holdup, and liquid circulation in airlift reactors Ind Eng Chem Res 37: 1251-1259 Akita, K and Yoshida, F (1973) Gas holdup and volumetric...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 06:20

... Trang 4correlation between sub-filters and the master filter and between the various sub-filters in the local filter and to enlarge the initial covariance matrix and the process noise covariance of ... Estimation for Nonstandard Multi-sensor Information Fusion System 27correlation between sub-filters and the master filter and between the various sub-filters in the local filter and to enlarge the ... dependency and system parameter uncertainty existed in multi-sensor dynamical system and moreover to realize the optimal fusion estimation for the state The fusion model for federal filter and its optimality...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... Boginski et al (eds.), Sensors: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications, Springer Optimization and Its Applications 61, DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-8 8619 -0 2, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 19 20 ... Algorithms, and Applications, Springer Optimization and Its Applications 61, DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-8 8619 -0 1, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 R Tiwari and M.T Thai ranges are small ... Springer Optimization and Its Applications VOLUME 61 Managing Editor Panos M Pardalos (University of Florida) Editor–Combinatorial Optimization Ding-Zhu Du (University...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 20:30

... following published and/ or accepted journal and conference papers: Anh T N and Hosoda T.: Depth-Averaged model of open channel flows over an arbitrary 3D surface and its applications to analysis ... almost meandering and have the irregular boundaries, a “stair stepped” approximation is commonly used by the conventional finite-difference method and finite volume method (Vreugdenhil and Wijbenga ... channel, flow in meandering channel, and flow in Parshall flume with supercritical outflow was satisfactory Zhou and Goodwill (1997) presented a depth-averaged model and compared its predictions...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2012, 10:35

... ifft(x,N) ; The characteristics and usage of ifft are the same as those for fft 322 7.3 FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM AND ITS APPLICATIONS Applications FFT has a wide variety of applications in DSP Spectral ... 7.7 Flow graph of 2-point DFT 318 FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM AND ITS APPLICATIONS Since W2 ˆ and W2 ˆ eÀp ˆ À1, we have X …0† ˆ x…0† ‡ x…1† and X …1† ˆ x…0† À x…1†: The signal flow graph is shown ... TRANSFORM AND ITS APPLICATIONS Periodicity Because of the periodicity property shown in Figure 7.1, the DFT and IDFT produce periodic results with period N Therefore the frequency and time samples...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 05:15

... Myths and Facts about Food Biotechnology, Food Insight, September/October 1999, PP 2-3 19- Council for Agricultural Science and Technology: Applications of Biotechnology to Crops: Benefits and ... defense against diseases and insects, thus reducing the need for chemical pesticides, and they will soon be able to convey genetic traits that enable crops to better withstand harsh conditions, ... content, and economic benefits The genetic makeup of plants and animals can be modified by either insertion of new useful genes or removal of unwanted ones Biotechnology is changing the way plants and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 21:48

... all William Andrew publications visit our web site at books.elsevier.com Printed and bound in Great Britain 11 12 13 14 15 10 INTRODUCTION This is a book about coal gasification and its related ... lists coal macerals, and shows how they are derived from plant material COAL ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION Coal is used primarily as a fuel, so its most important property is its heat of combustion ... Testing and Materials (ASTM) specifications.1 Coal is a variable, widely distributed and widely used material so a wide range of standard tests have been developed by a variety of individuals and...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:11