simulations for developing countries with and wit

... of growth for countries that are capable of using expenditures for productive purposes We investigate a set of fast-growing developing countries versus a mix of developing countries with different ... spending and its components, and growth with apanel dataset where developing countries are classified according totheir GDP per capita rates of growth in two groups: fast-growingcountries and a ... developed and developing countries alsopresent similar results Grossman (1990), using a sample consisting of 48 developed and developing countries, shows that governmentspending has both positive and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2022, 19:58

... discussions and collaborations with C.P Chandrasekhar, Prabhat Patnaik and Abhijit Sen I am also grateful to Jomo K S and the participants in the United Nations UN/DESA Development Forum on ‘Integrating ... norms with regard to capital investments This does not necessarily increase competition, because it is usually associated with the freedom to acquire fi nancial fi rms for domestic and foreign ... nancial class” within many developing countries, which became a major lobby promoting the interests of international fi nance in general with respect to both fi nancial liberalization and domestic...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 13:15

... tư không muốn mua chứng khoán xấu, như vậy thị trường không vân hành tốt g g Giải thích Puzzle 2 and Puzzle 1. Cũng giải thích Puzzle 6: Càng ít thông tin bất cân xứng cho những công ty hoạt động ... p ậ y g g người cần vốn, không một nhà đầu tư nào có thể theo dõi được ) – Giải thích Puzzles 3 and 4 4 Thế chấp vật có giá trị p ậ g ị Trang 26Rủi ro đạo đức: Debt vs EquityRủi ro đạo đức trong...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 19:20

... Sectoral Reforms The IMF and the World Bank introduced conditional lending for structural adjustment in the early ’80s The IMF primarily dealt with stabilization and the World Bank with adjustment ... enterprises and monopolies, reforms of the public sector in terms of its size, role, functions and structure, and so on (ⅱ) Trade Sector Reform - abolition of ‘artificial’ quota, low and uniform ... economy and the latter deals with specific sectors such as public, trade, and finance SAL and SECAL are referred to as non-project lending/loan (or program lending/loan) In collaboration with...

Ngày tải lên: 25/04/2018, 16:22

... in urban areas of the countries with low and medium-low incomes is twice higher the one of the countries with medium and high incomes As consequence, the countries with low and medium-low incomes ... effective and unavoidable way to face challenges in short term and long term visions, and for both developed and developing countries In this vision, the promotion of technological innovations and ... same figure of the countries with high incomes is 0.3% (WB, 2009) This problem turns to be more difficult for Asian nations, particularly the under-developed and developing countries due to their...

Ngày tải lên: 03/02/2020, 11:59

... production of food and raw materials in the developed countries (e.g European beet sugar competing with cane; synthetic fibres competing with cotton) - fluctuating price and demand for primary products ... problems include conflicts with national sovereignty, the weakness of the UN as an executive agency, and conflicts of interest between and within developed and developing countries Failing some ... after a long period and with great variations between countries Sex differentials - in many developing countries, women have less access to formal employment, cash income and public services...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2020, 13:18

... technologies, with a view to launch concerted efforts to accelerate their development, increase cost-effectiveness and widen their applicability; b) Identify the area and need of research, with special ... modern energy for all the segments of population, at the latest by 2020 (goal set by WEC) or 2030, with special focus on the developing world (targeting 2 billion poor people currently without light) ... in developed countries, much of it will later on be extensively re-adapted for use in developing countries One may here consider the “struggle for existence” of the various energy-forms, as seen...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... fuel for transport (Brazil a role model) Developing Countries are using Gasoline and Diesel as a fuel for transport which causes pollution, and resulting environment damages as well as a lot of foreign ... for renewable energy - Common interconnection standards - Standard power-purchase agreements and tariffs - “Net metering” schemes for residential consumers - Reduced bureaucratic procedures for ... in developing countries from 1991 to 2000 Seventeen (17) projects were implemented through 4 Shephard, Dan 1998, “Creating a Marker for Renewables: Electricity Policy Options for Developing Countries...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... unfavourably with capital cost of around dollars 450 per kWe, for coalwaste power plants and dollars 575 per kWe for nuclear plants But if energy-costs are compared, these OTEC costs compare favourably with ... Biomass accounts for 5% of North African, 15% of South African, and 86% of sub-Saharan (minus South Africa) consumption - Wood, alongwith charcoal, is the most commonly used form and it is the most ... nuclear, 36 mils for coal and 90 mils for oil Trang 8Development work and demonstration units are needed for both typesof plants, viz closedcycle, using a volatile working-fluid, and open-cycle,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... wood chips and pellets A simple design is made and its perspective applications are assessed for developing countries The performances of the gasifier for different fuels are compared are with the ... atmosphere c Biomass feedstocks were handled with hand gloves d Safety glass, rigid sole footwear and hand gloves were used during testing e A standard first aid box and fire extinguishing equipment ... throat (pocket area) of the oxidation zone and some of them were wetted with fire lighter (liquid) (v) The charcoal bed was ignited with a torch and fan was switched on to supply sufficient air/oxygen...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2018, 21:04

... removed between 2005 and 2010, withabout two-thirds of the total gain coming from agricultural trade and subsidyreform (Anderson, Martin, and van der Mensbrugghe forthcoming; Hertel andKeeney 2006) ... Organization—Developing countries 2 Agriculture and state—Developing countries 3 Developing countries—Commerce I McCalla, Alex F., 1937– II Nash, John D., 1953– Trang 6Boxes, Figures, and Tables ... agricultural trade reforms are important, twostand out: the importance of agriculture in developing countries and the slowgrowth of agricultural trade from developing countries to developed countries Agriculture...

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 08:46

... [6] for mobile node handover deals only with limited parameters For efficienthandover, an information server and a new architecture and prototype are evaluated inFratu, Popovici and Halunga [7] Their ... communication devicesenabled with several wireless standards to facilitate communication with similar devices © ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering ... media independenthandover (MIH) function comprises an event, command, and information services tomonitor network parameters and to regulate, validate and gather information for efficientcommunication...

Ngày tải lên: 29/12/2020, 16:07

... all developed countries together as one market (with a single price) and similarly for all developing countries Consistent with this pattern, we assume that the rules in developed countries are ... products in countries where they are sold at lower prices and sell them in high-price countries 23 Demand heterogeneity coupled with low marginal costs of production and marketing efforts at brand consciousness ... parallel imports from developing countries are ruled out With respect to parallel import rules in developing countries, these are irrelevant for our model since prices in the developed countries always...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 10:54

... Canada for bringing this opportunity to our attention This document is formatted for printing recto-verso This document has been issued without formal editing For further information and to make ... simplify and understand the impact of humans on the environment This is achieved with the help of increasingly powerful and interconnected computing platforms combined with extensive informational ... of ICTs for facilitating scientific research and for transforming the research processes of observing, recording, gathering, analyzing, managing and using data and information, and transforming...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 12:20

... strategic information and knowledge for better and fast decision- making process, for further adaptation and development, for realizing the necessary improvements and always search for better and innovative ... government which links new technology with legal systems internally and in turn links such government information infrastructure externally with everything digital and with everybody – the tax payer, ... high risk for developing countries – the risk to deepen the digital divide and to further marginalize them with the networking revolution Countries which fail to embrace and use ICT tools for entering...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:22

... assumptions for HI and SMI are made for “program” as a whole than for individual categories of expenditures Not the case for intermediate and short-term forecasts HI components for short-term forecast ... implications of existing work for information collection and methods for estimating and forecasting health expenditures linked to a growing elderly population in developing countries II Linking Health ... living with their children is significantly higher in Europe and the United States than in the developing countries of Asia and Africa (Mason et al 2001 and references cited therein; Ogawa and Retherford...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 13:20

... countries with more information sharing (Jappelli and Pagano, 2002; and Djankov, McLeish and Shleifer, 2005) Firms also report lower financing obstacles with better credit information (Love and ... differences in initial endowments and legal origins are robustly associated with development of financial institutions and markets Thus, countries with common law origins with better protection 12 of ... environments of developing countries For example, powerful regulators are not significantly associated with increased corruption in banking in countries with strong institutions that provide checks and balances,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/04/2016, 13:21

... of the Republic of Iceland to FAO, WFP and IFAD, for his engagement in the project and for facilitating our access to the many Icelandic institutions and professionals with expertise in the areas ... temperatures are 70 °C for chillies and 50 °C for garlic, with drying times and hot water flow rates of about 46 hours at 1 kg/second for chillies, and 94 hours at 0.04 kg/second for garlic The total ... long, 1.35 m wide and 2.3 m high (Figure 11), with concrete walls, a timber ceiling and roof, and a reinforced concrete floor It contains two containers with 30 trays each and has a capacity...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2016, 22:53

... competitive and becoming more consolidated, with increasing barriers to upgrading Developing countries are in constant competition for foreign investments and contracts with global brand owners, ... work with fewer, larger, and more capable suppliers that are strategically located around the world The paper concludes with recommendations for how developing countries as well as textile and ... to the breadth and specialization of apparel products and the growth of countries with advanced production capabilities The MFA had facilitated the entry of developing countries with limited technical...

Ngày tải lên: 29/08/2016, 09:37

... national education and training system, including its formal and nonformal components, need to to support knowledgebased economic growth? • How can developing countries and countries with transition ... model and test how computers alter the demand for skilled labor It found that computers are associated with declining relative demand in the industry for routine skills and increased demand for ... discussion within developing countries and countries with transition economies xv Executive Summary A knowledge-based economy relies primarily on the use of ideas rather than physical abilities and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20