short versus long run perspectives

... the short and long run, aiming to identify the main differences The most outstanding findings are those concerning the influence of satisfaction and specific variety seeking on short and long run ... of the proposed antecedents on short and long run destination revisit intention Method The present work focuses on holiday destinations, as opposed to weekend and long weekend trips This setting ... and t 2:58 Figure 2 Short run revisit intention antecedents Trang 9A first approach to the findings shows several differences in the significant antecedents of short and long-term revisit intention

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2016, 22:23

... regional markets The long-run real exchange rate elasticity of demand for exports in the global market is equal to –1.8 in the short run and –2.0 in the long run In the short run, the competitive ... long-run elasticity but not met in the short-run elasticity (for example see Hooper et al 2000) That means real devaluation seems to improve the trade balance in the long run but not in the short ... cointegration approach for Croatian case finds long-run and short-run relationship between real exchange rate and trade balance and J-curve effect His obtained long run cointegrating relations show that

Ngày tải lên: 07/04/2017, 15:22

... Decomposing the effect into the short run and the long run reveals that the increase is both a short-run and a long-run phenomenon While both are positive and significant, the long-run effect is greater ... into short run and long run yields a 0.32 percent increase in the short run and a 0.78 percent increase in the long run These results indicate that the total employment rate increased in the long ... percent in the short run and by 5.79 percent in the long run Including the three years leading up to the decision point in the analysis does not change the short-run and long-run effects There

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2020, 04:07

... indicates strong long-run and short-run connections, others find no significant relationship at all Additionally, some studies suggest a long-term relationship exists, but not in the short term These ... exchange rate on trade balance in both short and long run Correspondingly, the study aims to answer the following questions: 1 Whether there is a stable long-run relationship between the exchange ... the long-term effects of exchange rates on trade balance.Error-correction models (ECM) are utilized to analyze the long-run cointegration of trade balance equations, focusing on their short-run

Ngày tải lên: 28/07/2023, 16:20

... 62 4 Short-Run Profit Approach to Long-Run Market Equilibrium 73 4.1 Outline of the Short-Run Approach 73 4.2 Detailed Framework for Short-Run Profit Approach 80 vii Trang 95 Short-Run ... trajectories of the short-run equilibrium price and output; (c) the short-run cost curve When k is such that the shaded area in (b) equals r, the short-run equilibrium is the long-run equilibrium ... Decision variables and parameters for primal programmes (optimization of: long-run profit, short-run profit, long-run cost, short-run cost) and for dual programmes (price consistency check, optimization

Ngày tải lên: 14/05/2018, 15:39

... Operation time was longer by 49.34 min (p= 0.000) The length of hospital stay was shorter by 2.64 days (p= 0.003) Incisional length was shorter by 9.23 cm (p=0.000) Fluid intake was shorter by 0.70 ... following up period of 3 or 5 years to evaluate the long-term outcomes of LCS We conducted a meta-analysis for the short and long term For the short-term analysis, we collected data of the operation ... LCS and OCS’s short- and long-term outcomes were selected to have been done meta-analysis And the factors of 3 and 5 years following up period below were concluded to evaluate the long-term results

Ngày tải lên: 22/08/2021, 16:40

... 6Detecting Long-run Abnormal Stock Returns:The Empirical Power and Specification o f Test Statistics: The Canadian Evidence Matthew Robert Bogue This study empirically examines the issue of long-horizon ... benchmark methods I have used in the measurement o f long­term returns Section six describes the actual measurement methods used to study long- run returns; while section seven defines the statistical ... event studies designed to detect long-run (one-to five- year) abnormal stock returns” (Barber and Lyon, 1997) Kothari and Warner (1997) find that “tests for long-horizon abnormal security returns

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 14:28

... a biased predictor of long-run BHAR Although this method has been presented in the long-term study section for comparative purposes, the CAR approach is used in the short-run analysis in Karafiath ... to detect long-run abnormal returns The selection of a proper benchmark is always problematic when examining long-term returns since anany of the common methods used to calculate long-run abnormal ... the relevant literature on short- and long-term stock price performance In section 4, we review the various methodologies we have used in the measurement of short and long-term returns Section

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 16:58

... the short-run underpricing and long-run underperformance phenomena in the Singapore IPO market Consistent with previous studies, we find evidence of prevalent short-run underpricing and long-run ... prevalent short-run underpricing and long-run underperformance in the domestic market Our findings indicate that the IPOs backed by higher reputation issue managers are associated with greater short-run ... Trang 1ISSUE MANAGER REPUTATION, UNDERPRICING AND LONG AND LONG RUN PERFORMANCE OF RUN PERFORMANCE OF RUN PERFORMANCE OF EVIDENCE FROM THE EVIDENCE FROM THE SINGAPORE IPO

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2015, 17:16

... the long-run growth effects of R&D subsidies, and points out R&D subsidies can either promote or retard long-run economic growth Jinli Zeng and Jie Zhang (2002) paper studies the long-run ... effect of diminishing return on physical capital will inevitably limit economic growth in long run along with physical capital stock expanding, and this effect is difficult be offset because ... path because of monopolistic competition and R&D externalities It is appealing to discuss long-run effects of government policy from the welfare point of view within Howitt (1999) model First,

Ngày tải lên: 10/11/2015, 11:07

... the United States (horizontal axis) over the long run, based on data for a sample of 82 countries. Trang 16Evidence for PPP in the Long Run and Short Run FIGURE 14-2 (2 of 2) Inflation Differentials ... depreciati of Rate , € / $ , € / $ t EUR t US t = ∆ (14-2) Trang 15Evidence for PPP in the Long Run and Short Run FIGURE 14-2 (1 of 2) Inflation Differentials and the Exchange Rate, 1975–2005 This ... Financial market and Korean EconomyPrepared by Seok-Kyun HUR Monetary Approaches in the Long Run Trang 2 In the long run, prices and exchange rates will always adjust so that the purchasing power of

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2015, 16:02

... between short-run and long-run effects of financial development is also important Loayza and Ranciere (2005) estimate both effects using a pooled mean group estimator While they confirm a positive long ... assess the connection between financial development and long-run growth To the extent that five years does not adequately proxy for long-run growth, the panel methods may be less precise in assessing ... require a long-run commitment of capital, but savers do not like to relinquish control of their savings for long-periods Thus, if the financial system does not augment the liquidity of long-term

Ngày tải lên: 22/04/2016, 08:02

... to end up with different short-run average cost curves in the future Trang 6From Short-Run Average Cost Curves to Long-Run Average Cost CurvesThe five different short-run average cost (SRAC) curves ... lease on your factory, then the long run is any period longer than a one-year, since after a year you are no longer bound by the lease No costs are fixed in the long run A firm can build new factories ... of Long-Run Average Cost Curves While in the short run firms are limited to operating on a single average cost curve (corresponding to the level of fixed costs they have chosen), in the long run

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2017, 10:46

... Trang 1What Causes Changes inUnemployment over the Long Run By: OpenStaxCollege Cyclical unemployment explains why unemployment rises during a recession ... that occurs even when the economy is healthy: it is called the natural rate of unemployment The Long Run: The Natural Rate of Unemployment The natural rate of unemployment is not “natural” in the ... Chasing After the Purple Squirrel In short, managers are searching for “purple squirrels” when what they really need are just versatile workers There really is not a shortage of “normal squirrels”—candidates

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2017, 16:12

... model long run model without PPP, • changes in money supply levels lead to changes in price levels • There is no inflation in the long run, but only during the transition to the long run equilibrium ... are in equilibrium interest rates and exchange rates in the long run models Trang 4The Behavior of Exchange Rates (cont.) • The long run models are not intended to be completely realistic descriptions ... factors to predict how exchange rates adjust in the long run  It uses the absolute version of PPP  It assumes that prices adjust in the long run  In particular, price levels adjust to equate

Ngày tải lên: 15/07/2018, 20:44

... Production Costs in the Short Run and Long Run 24 PERSPECTIVES: Dealing with the Very Long Run Economic analysis tends to be restricted to either the short or the long run, for one major reason ... Average Cost in the Long Run The long- run marginal and average cost curves are mathematically related The long- run average cost curve slopes downward as long as it is above the long- run marginal cost ... its short- run average cost curves Such a curve is shown in Figure 10.4 and reproduced in Figure 10.5 as the long- run average cost curve (LRAC) Like short- run average cost curves, the long- run...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 15:19

... that relationship In this report we examine both the short- run employment impact of additional spending on higher education and the long- run financial impact of investing in a better-educated ... continue to improve employment in the long run, through the increased tax revenue that results from more and better employment across the Commonwealth The long- run benefits will include a reduction ... planners, etc.) Standard economic analysis shows a definite, positive short- run impact on employment in Massachusetts To make this short- run analysis meaningful, we compare the impact of additional [2]...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 05:21

... breaks on the long- run relationships and short- term return and volatility dynamics (b) Long- run Relationships of Real Estate Markets Generally speaking, the empirical evidence of the long- run cointegration ... on long- run cointegration tests and short- term linkages of international securitized real estate markets will also be reviewed in the following two sections 2.3 Structural Breaks and Long- run ... analyze the long- run cointegration relationship and the short- term lead/lag interactions and comovements in international securitized real estate markets Clarifying the issue on segmentation versus...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:34

... lower output and living standards in the long- run     Output in the long- run would fall by 1.3%, or $200 billion, in today‟s economy Employment in the long- run would fall by 0.5% or, roughly 710,000 ... taxes Potential short- run effects of higher tax rates While the EY GE model is used to estimate economic impacts in the long- run, the higher tax rates can be expected to have a short- run impact as ... suggest real long- run economic consequences for allowing the top two ordinary tax rates and investment tax rates to rise in 2013 This policy path can be expected to reduce long- run output, investment...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 06:20

... of the long- run relations from their realised, short- run counterparts These deviations are referred to as the long- run structural shocks’ Not all of the variables contained in the long- run relationships ... and in writing the long- run relationships in terms of observable variables, long- run reduced form shocks’ are derived as functions of the long- run structural shocks The long- run, or error correcting, ... independently of short- and medium-term fluctuations In contrast, there are no dichotomies between the determinants of long- run growth and short- run fluctuations in DGSE models (though the long run is often...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 05:36