short history of java programming language

... invented in the 18th century! Trang 3CELTIC languages• CELTIC languages were widely spoken across the Europe • Today they are spoken by less than 2 million of people altogether • Irish Gaelic: • DUBLIN ... tried to fight them off, but they soon settled and stayed in what we now call England (meaning 'Angle Land'). Trang 7• Their languages slowly turned into the oldest form of English called Old ... was the language used by Church WRITING came with Christianity. Futhork was replaced by LATIN script Trang 10• They came from Scandinavia• Their language was called OLD NORSE • A lot of words

Ngày tải lên: 06/12/2016, 16:06

... items in a stack, and only the top item of a stack can be processed  The pop operation removes the top item  The push operation add an item to the top of the stack 3 Trang 4The Stack Data Structure ... Structure  A queue is a data structure similar to a stack in that it holds a number of data items However, one end of the queue is referred to as the rear and the other end the front  All insertions ... in first out (FIFO) data structure Trang 9The Linked List Data Structure  Another way of storing lists of data in memory requires each item to store information that indicates where the next

Ngày tải lên: 25/04/2022, 09:19

... linguistic make-up of the texts, and Mclntosh et al have therefore suggested a classification of text types in terms of the history of copying and of the different patterns of textual mixingthat ... to contribute to theories of change, and within this to our understanding of thehistory of English, which is of course a multidimensional historyfocusing on variation of all kinds One possible ... appropriate chapters of the following are recommended: Baugh & Cable (1978), A History of the English Language, 3rd edn; Bourcier (1981), An Introduction to the History of the English Language (English

Ngày tải lên: 19/08/2013, 13:40

... Isle of Wight; the Saxons in the rest of Southern England south of the Thames; the Angles in the land north of the Thames Each of the three tribes spoke a different form of their common language, ... part in the shaping of the English language, that of the Trang 8A Brief History of the English Language 423 Normans We generally date the Norman-French period in English history from the invasion ... But the Germanic languages are merely one branch of another great family, the Indo-European, which comprises most of the languages of Europe and India The parent Indo-European language began several

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 13:15

... the +spoken+ language andthe +written+ or +printed+ language; between the language of the +ear+ and the language of the +eye+;between the language of the +mouth+ and the language of the +dictionary+; ... III. Page The English Language, and the Family to which it belongs 193 The Periods of English 198 History ofthe Vocabulary 202 History of the Grammar 239 Specimens of English of Different Periods ... Landmarks in the History of the English Language 266 1 +Tongue, Speech, Language.+ We speak of the "English tongue" or of the "French language"; and we say of two nations that

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

... List of abbreviations xix Map of Anglo-Saxon England xxii 1 I N T R O D U C T I O N Richard M.Hogg 1 1.1 Political history and language history 11.2 Ecclesiastical history and language history ... Trang 2The Cambridge History of the English Language is the first volume work to provide a full account of the history of English Its authoritative coverage extends from areas of central linguistic ... 1-33. Reproduced by kind permission of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter Cathedral. Trang 6Smith Professor of English Language andMedieval Literature, University of Manchester | CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:21

... evidence permits, of an unchanging stress system throughout the history of the language None of these sources is wholly satisfactory For example, however close the rhythms of Old English poetry ... ablaut are less clear and of minor importance The most frequently encountered type of quantitative ablaut consists of the absence of the vowel e found in e-grade A root of the type IE *kikw- appears ... (with *-grade) In a number of forms we find a lengthening of the basic vowel or of the qualitative ablaut of the basic vowel Both e and o are found in certain categories of Indo-European nominal

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:21

... elements ofGermanic diphthongs in Old English discussed above It might beasked why we have made such a fuss about a sound change which, interms of the •whole history of the language, is of only ... features which were to be charac-teristic of the whole history of the language and that here we have anearly demonstration of the enduring instability of the contrast betweenfront and back low ... the case of nearwe this is straightforward In the case of nerian we can suppose that breaking was inhibited precisely because of the palatal nature of thefollowing consonant (as the table of proto-Old

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:21

... (1971) offer a generative view of Old English stress.McCully (1989) offers a new synthesis of traditional and generative accounts.3.3.2.1 Traditional grammars make use of the concept of syllable ... that it is part of the system of English, but also that **She has arrivedyesterday is not (** signals that the pattern is not part of the structure of the language, or at least of the variety ... method of representing the different causations of syncopeand apocope 3.4 Most introductions to Old English give a good overview of the principalfeatures of Old English morphology, and of these

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:21

... interesting example from thepoint of view of PDE is (140), where the antecedent is the plain pronoun his In PDE only the prepositional phrase ' of him', or better ' of the one', could be the antecedent, ... you that you are made of stone As might be expected, complements of factive verbs, i.e verbs andadjectives that govern complements the truth of which is known (e.g.verbs of knowing, remembering, ... Furthermore, the object of a verb of the object control type must be human or at least animate, compare the oddity of I persuaded the kitchen to be clean. (b) NP2 functions as the subject of the lower clause,

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:21

... meaning of a lexical item of the donor language is transferred to the receptor language, when either: (a) the meaning of some lexical item of the donor language influences the meaning of an already ... systematic study of the overall vocabulary of alanguage is thus an important contribution to the understanding of theculture and civilization of a speech community over and above theanalysis of the texts ... related languages will differ considerably as to the overallstructure of their vocabulary, and the same holds for different historicalstages of one and the same language Looked at from this point of

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:21

... 1 — — oferhygdig 1 ofermod 3 cynehelmb 3 gleaw(mss) ghawiness) gleaw{scipe) snotetiness) (snyttru) snotoriness) ofermod/-mtttu ofermod/-mettu ofermodigness ofermod{nets) ofermod{ness) ofermodig(ness) ... either ofer +fgre/d' travel' or a derivative of oferfaran' cross, go over' Moreover, the absence of a verb corresponding to instances such as of erst, 'gluttony', ofer cyme 'arrival', ofermearcung ... push down' ;of off, from' (inseparable/separable): ofgiefan ' give up'; 'result': ofacsian 'find out by asking'; 'intensifying': ofdrzdan 'fear'; ofer 'over' (inseparable/separable): oferfaran

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:21

... an unusually longperiod of time Although the later periods of the history of the Englishlanguage are generally well understood, the critical first periods ofliterate history remain understudied ... energy of our Germanic forbears derived from the discovery of theregularity of sound change; ours, from the correlation of patterns in theubiquitous variation of living languages to the processes of ... conversion of the English proceeded tribally and had to begin withthe conversion of overlords whose retainers followed his example.Bede's career is of immediate importance for students of the history ofEnglish

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... literary language is but one of a number of varieties of discourse, like informal speech or the idiom of the law It is, however, of particular importance to historical linguists because itshows the language ... between the prose language of iElfric and the verse language of The Battle of Maldon. While these conscious differences between verse language and other Trang 25Malcolm R Goddenlanguage are clearly ... and use of language and areprepared to employ the full range of possibilities and even to invent, or to break the boundaries of ordinary discourse Thus an account of 49° Trang 20Literary languageliterary

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... current language had changed In some respects, the literary language of Old English prose remained in being for more than a century beyond 1100 The language of poetry had a different history ... usefuldiscussions in the various separate editions of individual poems Most of what has been written on the language of prose is in the form ofstudies of authorship or dialect, or largely phonological ... authors' selectionand use of language The major studies of alliteration and rhythm are Mclntosh(1949), Funke (1962) and Pope (1967) The most useful studies of the language of major authors are Otten

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... in English Language,Universiteit van Amsterdam R O G E R L A S S Professor of Linguistics, University of Cape Town J A M E S M I L R O Y Professor Emeritus of Linguistics, University of Sheffield ... contributors to the first two volumes of the Cambridge History of the English Language learned of Cecily Clark's death on 26 March 1992 Although she was able to see the proofs of her chapters, she was unable ... historicalstudy of the language which expressed itself through the study ofdialects, the development of phonology and the investigation ofindividual texts Much of this work was done through the study of thephonology

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... is that it is not evidence of phonological change, but the work of ' Norman scribes', the result of their imperfect command of English andlack of [h] in their own language Milroy points out sensibly ... class of superheavy syllables (b) Trisyllabic Shortening I At about the same time, long vowels also shortened before clusters of two consonants in stressed antepenultimate syllables: enleofan ... blawm, toform,cum«i (The use of <ae> stems from the merger of OE /ae/ and / a / , as well as a local development of some /as/ to /e/.) The high vowel / i / is distinct, but all other short

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... 1 of 3 21-04-2000 17:30 Essentials of the Java( TM) Programming Language, Part 1 http://developer .java. sun.com/developer ining /Programming/ BasicJava1/index.html Training Index Java TM Programming ... of 7 21-04-2000 17:31 Java( TM) Language Basics, Part 1, Lesson 4: Building A User Interface http://developer .java. sun.com/developer ining /Programming/ BasicJava1/front.html Training Index Java TM ... Reserved. Terms of Use. Privacy Policy. 5 of 5 21-04-2000 17:31 Java( TM) Language Basics, Part1, Lesson 5: Writing Servlets http://developer .java. sun.com/developer ing /Programming/ BasicJava1/servlet.html Products...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2013, 17:39

... latest version of the Java programming language, which supports generics. Alas, in reality this isn’t the case. Millions of lines of code have been written in earlier versions of the language, and ... routine should work, returning false. In the case of addAll(), we should be able to add any collection that consists of instances of a subtype of E. We saw how to handle this situation correctly ... the erasure of the type variable. 21 8 Class Literals as Run-time Type Tokens One of the changes in JDK 1.5 is that the class java. lang.Class is generic. It’s an interesting example of using genericity...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2013, 18:15

... with some of the great software engineers of our generation. In the process, I learned a lot about the Java programming language what works, what doesn't, and how to use the language and ... rules of thumb, Effective Java Programming Language Guide contains working solutions to the programming challenges most developers encounter each day. Offering comprehensive descriptions of techniques ... factory method is provided instead of the public static final field: Effective Java: Programming Language Guide 14 As an extreme example of what not to do, consider this...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 21:16