sdh and sonet networks

... Increased Bandwidth Demand 24  Savings on Intermediate Bandwidth 24  Combined VC-4 and IMA Aggregation 25  Trang 4CONTENTS Integration of 2G and 3G Traffic 26  TDM Multiplexing of 2G and 3G Traffic ... bandwidth demand, applications, and so on, networks must be as cost-effective as possible in their initial, low-level usage phase Equipment costs, as well as expenditure on leased bandwidth and ... minimum, yet allowing these networks to provide for fast growth and cost-effective bandwidth increase 3G access networks are based on two distinct technologies: transmission and ATM Conventional 3G

Ngày tải lên: 19/04/2014, 19:07

... Kalman Filtering and Neural Networks, Edited by Simon Haykin ISBN 0-471-36998-5 # 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc KALMAN FILTERS derivation; see also the books by Lewis [2] and Grewal and Andrews [3] ... where yk is the observable at time k and Hk is the measurement matrix The measurement noise vk is assumed to be additive, white, and Gaussian, with zero mean and with covariance matrix defined ... scalar random variables; generalization of the theory to vector random variables is a straightforward matter Suppose we are given the observable yk ẳ xk ỵ vk ; where xk is an unknown signal and vk

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 13:15

...  circle moving right and up; square moving right and down; triangle moving right and up; circle moving right and down; square moving right and up; triangle moving right and down Training was ... Cortex, 1, 1–47 (1991) [2] J.S Lund, Q Wu and J.B Levitt, ‘‘Visual cortex cell types and connections’’, in M.A Arbib, Ed., Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995 ... Lomber, P Girard and J Bullier, ´ ‘‘Cortical feedback improves discrimination between figure and background by V1, V2 and V3 neurons’’, Nature, 394, 784–787 (1998) [4] M.W Oram and D.I Perrett,

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 13:15

... deviation in 83 Kalman Filtering and Neural Networks, Edited by Simon Haykin ISBN 0-471-36998-5 # 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Kalman Filtering and Neural Networks, Edited by Simon Haykin ... signals are 25 dB and 10 dB, respectively Note that A ¼ initialization and B ¼ one-step phase. Trang 14The attractors of the noisy signals are shown in the left-hand parts ofFigures 4.9a and 4.9b, respectively ... the data sets used, and their divisioninto the training and test sets, respectively Also shown is a partialsummary of the dynamic invariants for each of the data sets used andthe size of network

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 13:15

... parameters of f and g and thenoise covariances Given observations of the (no longer hidden) states andoutputs, f and g can be obtained as the solution to a possibly nonlinearregression problem, and the ... for f and g Consider thefollowing nonlinear mapping from input vectors x and u to an outputvector z: z ¼PI i¼1 x xk, u uk, and z xkþ1; (2) representing f using x ðxk; ukÞ, u ;, and z xkþ1; and ... vectors, and scalars, which we shall collectively denote as y Theinputs, outputs, and states are related to each other by k¼0 A k t k =k! ¼ expðActÞ and B ¼ A 1 ðA  I ÞB Trang 4where wk and vkare

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 13:15

... learning the parameters The use of the EKFfor training neural networks has been developed by Singhal and Wu [8]and Puskorious and Feldkamp [9], and is covered in Chapter 2 of thisbook The use of the ... Ak1Pxk1ATk1þ BkRvBTk; ð7:25Þ and the measurement-update equations are ; ð7:29Þ and where R v and R n are the covariances of vk and nk, respectively. 7.2 OPTIMAL RECURSIVE ESTIMATION AND THE EKF 227 Trang ... filtering(CDF) techniques developed separately by Ito and Xiong [12] andNørgaard, Poulsen, and Ravn [13] In [7] van der Merwe and Wan showhow the UKF and CDF can be unified in a general family of derivative-free

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 13:15

... dynamicalsystem, observation noise is given by nk, and uk corresponds to observedexogenous inputs The model structure, FðÞ and HðÞ, may representmultilayer neural networks, in which case w are the weights ... by repeatedly estimating the signal using the currentmodel and all available data, and then estimating the model using theestimates and all the data (see Fig 5.1a) Iterative schemes are necessarilyrestricted ... basis function networks [16]and other nonlinear models [17]; see also Chapter 6 Errors-in-variables(EIV) models appear in the nonlinear statistical regression literature [18],and are used for

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 07:16

... learning the parameters The use of the EKFfor training neural networks has been developed by Singhal and Wu [8]and Puskorious and Feldkamp [9], and is covered in Chapter 2 of thisbook The use of the ... Ak1Pxk1ATk1þ BkRvBTk; ð7:25Þ and the measurement-update equations are ; ð7:29Þ and where R v and R n are the covariances of vk and nk, respectively. 7.2 OPTIMAL RECURSIVE ESTIMATION AND THE EKF 227 Trang ... filtering(CDF) techniques developed separately by Ito and Xiong [12] andNørgaard, Poulsen, and Ravn [13] In [7] van der Merwe and Wan showhow the UKF and CDF can be unified in a general family of derivative-free

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 07:16

... Cherkassky and Mulier = LEARNING FROM DATA: Concepts, Theory, and Methods Diamantaras and Kung = PRINCIPAL COMPONENT NEURAL NETWORKS: Theory and Applications Haykin = KALMAN FILTERING AND NEURAL NETWORKS ... ´ , Kanellakopoulos, and Kokotovic ´ = NONLINEAR AND ADAPTIVE CONTROL DESIGN Nikias and Shao = SIGNAL PROCESSING WITH ALPHA-STABLE DISTRIBUTIONS AND APPLICATIONS Passino and Burgess = STABILITY ... nchez-Pen ˜a and Sznaler = ROBUST SYSTEMS THEORY AND APPLICATIONS Sandberg, Lo, Fancourt, Principe, Katagiri, and Haykin = NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS: Feedforward Neural Network Perspectives Tao and

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 07:16

... ftp prints its own prompt and uses a special set of commands for transferring files. Table 6-1 lists the most important ftp commands. Table 6-1. Some ftp commands Command Descr iption put filename ... Logins 99 7 January 2002 13:14 100 Chapter 6: Using the Internet and Other Networks Following are four sample ssh and rsh command lines. (You may need to substitute rlog in for rsh.) The first ... Internet, and other public networks, have users (called crackers; also erroneously called hackers) who try to break into computers and snoop on other network users. Most remote login programs (and

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 16:20

... large variation in the handoff latency between devices, with a Lucent client and Cisco AP taking an average of 53.3 ms, and a Cisco client and Cisco AP taking 420.8 ms. With the same device and AP configuration, ... patterns, and AP loads. Given the con- ference setting, usage closely followed the conference schedule, and the number of users rose when sessions were taking place, and fell during meals and breaks. ... slope, residential dormitories and houses, communal eating and social areas, and parts of the town in which the college is based, including some shopping areas, a hotel, and restau- rants. In terms

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 01:21

... Device Setting Set up and enable WEP and enable open authentication Static WEP with shared key authentication Set up and enable WEP and enable Set up and enable WEP and enable shared ... radio, cellular, satellite, and wireless LAN (WLAN) networks, and can communicate mission-critical voice, video, and data across peer-to-peer, hierarchical, or meshed networks. Figure 1 Cisco 3200 ... the exit command and then, optionally, enter the copy running-config startup-config command to create a copy of your configuration file Mobile Access Router and Mesh Networks Design

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 10:20

... Telephone line bandwidth Trang 12Modem stands for modulator/demodulator. Note Trang 13Figure 9.7 Modulation/demodulation Trang 14Figure 9.8 The V.32 and V.32bis constellation and bandwidth Trang ... are separated in modern telephone networks: data transfer is done by one network, signaling by another. Note Trang 8Figure 9.4 Data transfer and signaling networks Trang 9Figure 9.5 Layers in ... Telephone and Cable Networks for Data Transmission Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Permission required for reproduction or display. Trang 29-1 TELEPHONE NETWORK Telephone networks use

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 20:20

... Ad-Hoc Networks J.Lipman, P.Boustead, and J Chicharo A Presence System for Autonomous Networks A.Dang, and B.Landfeld Secure Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks A.A.Pirzada, and ... ADVANCED NETWORKS Q.Fu, and J.Indulska Performance Analysis of Reliable Multicast Protocols: A Based Approach Message-J.Tovirac, W.Zhang, and S.Perreau Fair Queuing in Active and Programmable Networks ... improved performance with advanced Trang 9networks, reliable and efficient multicast methods in unreliable networks,and composite scheduling in programmable/active networks wherecomputing resources are

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 11:24

... Regional Social Networks on the Entrepreneurial Development Process Dirk Fornahl Social Networks, Informational Complexity and Industrial Geography Olav Sorenson Transnational Networks and the Evolution ... regional social networks influence regional start-up activities and thelocation of new firms The peculiar features of and processes in socialregional networks are presented These networks provide ... private enterprises for commercialexploitation Jaffe (1989) and Acs, Audretsch, and Feldman (1992),Audretsch and Feldman (1996) and Feldman and Audretsch (1999), for ex-ample, found that the knowledge

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 11:20

... intermediate and end device connections in a LAN. – Identify the pin out configurations for straight-through and crossover cables. - Identify the different cabling types, standards and ports used ... equipment.  Design an addressing scheme for an inter-network and assign ranges for hosts, network devices and the router interface  Compare and contrast the importance of network designs. Trang 3© ... rights reserved Cisco Public Types of Connections in a LAN used to connect WANs, and that the cables, standards and ports are different than those in use by LANs Trang 10© 2007 Cisco Systems,

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 12:20

... roaming and IP handoff, and cluster crea-tion, splitting and merging Especially, in wireless sensor networks, observer nodes should be equipped with addi-tional computaaddi-tional, energy, and communication ... inte-grates the two types of evidence, handles incompleteness and duplication of information in them, and allows the generation of potential and provable actions and attack scenarios We consider a ... framework for digital investigation in wireless networks, especially sensor and ad hoc networks, turns out to be more tricky and challenging than in wireline networks To do so, a set of requirements

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... Cellular and Mobile Networks Ingo Viering,1Andreas Lobinger,2and Szymon Stefanski3 1 Nomor Research GmbH, 81541 Munich, Germany 2 Nokia Siemens Networks, 81541 Munich, Germany 3 Nokia Siemens Networks, ... 81541 Munich, Germany 3 Nokia Siemens Networks, 53-611 Wroclaw, Poland Correspondence should be addressed to Andreas Lobinger,andreas.lobinger@nsn.com Received 11 February 2010; Accepted 23 July ... work is long term e volution, and the most important uplink effects such as fluctuating interference, power control, power limitation, adaptive transmission bandwidth, and control channel limitations

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... percentage of correct identification is about 97% In [6], Wong and Nandi have proposed a method for ADMR using artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms In their study, they have presented ... densities of phases and amplitudes In [20], Pedzisz and Mansour derived and analyzed a new pattern recognition approach for automatic modulation recognition of M-PSK signals in broadband Gaussian noise ... (MLPs), radial basis function (RBF) networks, and self-organizing maps (SOMs) We had chosen MLP feed-forward networks in our work because of their simplicity and effective implementations; also

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 16:20

... Time-Frequency Analysis and Neural Networks for Mode Identification in a Wireless Software-Defined Radio Approach Matteo Gandetto Signal Processing and Telecommunication Group (SP&T), Biophysical and Electronic ... multiple access and direct sequence code division multiple access As a case study, two standards, based on the previous modes and operating in the same band (industrial, scientific, and medical), ... fundamental and integrating part of SR and CR because it allows one to support multimode and multiband communications according to SR In general, MI can be blind or assisted [10], and modes can

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20