... 1Paul J NahinTransients for Electrical Engineers Elementary Switched-Circuit Analysis in the Time and Laplace Transform Domains (with a touch of MATLAB®) Trang 2Transients for Electrical EngineersTrang ... generator out of just inductors, capacitors, and a sinusoidal voltage source. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019 P J Nahin, Transients for Electrical Engineers, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77598-2_1 ... Skilling (1905–1990) was a member of the electrical engineering faculty at Stanford for decades and, by the time I arrived there, he was the well-knownauthor of electrical engineering textbooks in
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handbook for electrical engineers (16)
... during a breaker 2 Flexible operation for breaker maintenance maintenance period, the ring can be separated 3 Any breaker can be removed for maintenance into two sections without interrupting ... orpainted steel structures, and the self-forming protective corrosion oxide eliminates maintenance Inaddition, the weathering-steel color blends well in natural surroundings Galvanized- or painted-steelstructures ... constant strain. 3 Individual pedestal-mounted insulators are more accessible for cleaning. 4 The rigid bus is lower in height, has a distinct layout, and can be definitely segregated for maintenance.
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handbook for electrical engineers (17)
... over- head instead of underground lines, the earnings alone will pay for substantial ongoing overhead maintenance,” implying that utilities could have more resources available to them to perform main- tenance ... overhead lines if they invested less in new underground facilities. For the foreseeable future, however, it appears that the undergrounding of existing overhead power lines will continue, justified ... transformers having primary winding connected between two phase conductors. Single-phase primary laterals consist of two insulated phase conductors; each single-phase distribution transformer
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handbook for electrical engineers (18)
... be installed in raceways Both conduit andtubing may be buried in concrete fills or may be installed exposed Wiring installed in conduit isapproved for practically all classes of buildings and for ... INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 19-17 Trang 18Conductors for Building Wiring. The ous types of conductor available for interiorwiring, together with their sizes, insulations,and uses, are indicated in Tables ... given for installation in conduit and for installation in freeair in Tables 19-2A through 19-2E (see also Table 19-4B) To determine the permissible percentraceway fill for conductor combina-tions,
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handbook for electrical engineers (19)
... an induction motor consists of a cylindrical rotorcarrying the secondary winding in slots on its outer periphery and an encircling annular core oflaminated steel carrying the primary winding in ... values, leaving only the fundamental sine wave components to be sidered in determining the operating characteristics con-The alternating current flowing in the winding of eachphase therefore produces ... rotating parts as soon as these have come to rest The maximum per-missible time of stopping is 1 min for machines of less than 50 kW rating, 2 min for 50 to 200 kWratings, and 3 min for machines
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handbook for electrical engineers (20)
... electric melting are 1 Melting and refining of steel 2 Melting, holding, and casting of most metals, including iron, steel, and nonferrous metals 3 Melting, refining, forming, and annealing of glass ... the finishing train.) The continuous mill has two to six mills in line which reduce the slab to a predetermined thickness for subsequent rolling through the finishing train The semicontinuous ... RefineriesIntroduction. Oil refineries are seeking to maintain or increase their profit levels by upgradingexisting processes and replacing aging equipment with more efficient and lower-operating-costoptions
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handbook for electrical engineers,(21)
... in/2) Switching signals for the individual switches are derived using q(t) and the circuit topology For the waveforms in Fig 22-22, f s 60Hz and V in 2 kV Since the !3/2 # V in !3/2 # V in ... period is calledthe switching loss Switching power loss increases with increase in switching frequency and increase in transition times Sum of the conduction and switching loss, computed as averages ... buck-boost converter is shown in Fig 22-12a The flyback converter has a coupled inductor instead of an inductor with just one winding The primary winding is connected to the input while Trang 14the
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handbook for electrical engineers (22)
... two windings connected in parallel at the lower voltage ing, or in series at the higher voltage rating When operated with a part winding starter at the lowervoltage rating, only one winding is ... reconnect the windings in delta The wye connecting reduces the starting voltage to 57% of the system line-linevoltage; starting current and starting torque are reduced to 33% of their values for full ... energized initially, limiting starting current and starting torque to50% of the values seen when both windings are energized simultaneously rat-Wye-Delta starters connect the stator in wye for starting,
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handbook for electrical engineers (23)
... HANDBOOK FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS SECTION 24 GROUNDING SYSTEMS David R Stockin Manager of Engineering, E&S Grounding Solutions Michael A Esparza Principal & Director of Sales, E&S Grounding Solutions ... point as erroneous readings and mistakes are often made The most common of these occur when clamping on or inducing the oscillating voltage into the grounding system at a point where a continuous ... used over and over again in determining the actual resistance at depth Shallow-depth readings of in, ft, 1.5 ft, ft, and 2.5 ft are important for grounding design Because grounding conductors are
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handbook for electrical engineers (24)
... utility industry information system Such a system isshown in Fig 25-1 It depicts a typical information system which may be viewed as a combinationand integration of several functional information ... agreements Increased Revenue. For 30 years (1935 to 1965) utilities were, by lowering costs, reducing theirrates and increasing sales During this period of falling rates, owing to lags in regulatory ... by (1) improving the productivity and effectiveness of employees, (2) merging and affili-ating with neighboring companies forming regional groups, and (3) maintaining aggressive in-houseresearch
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handbook for electrical engineers (25)
... Nomenclature and Definitions for Illuminating Engineering, RP-16-05, Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. Incandescent Filament Lamps. These are light sources in which light is produced ... considered as coming from a point.Candlepower is another term for luminous intensity, since the candela is the unit of luminous intensity One candela isdefined as the luminous intensity of 1/600,000 ... distance belowthe ceiling to obtain reasonable uniformity of ceiling luminance without excessive luminance imme-diately above the liminaires.Since with indirect lighting the ceiling and upper walls
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handbook for electrical engineers (26)
... non-self-restoring insulation is a practical impossibility For this reason, themethods for determining withstand voltage for internal insulation are different Specifically, internal insulation is designed for ... locations for the purpose of suppressing over-voltages and avoiding or minimizing insulation failures Coordinated design involvesEffective grounding techniquesUse of shielding conductorsPreinsertion ... illustrated in Fig 27-3 In this way, volt-time curves for allinsulators in usage have been determined Unfortunately, the withstand voltage of non-self-restoringinsulation cannot be readily determined
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handbook for electrical engineers
... canexist in the region in which a circuit is being analyzed Thus, Gauss’s law (in integral form) becomes (2-44) at any point in the circuit The points of interest usually will be nodes, points at ... together for the purpose of processing information or energy in electrical form An electriccircuit may be described mathematically by ordinary differential equations, which may be linear or 2-1 ... equivalents: (a)resistors in series; (b)capacitors in series; (c)inductors in series, aiding fluxes; (d)inductors in series, opposing fluxes. Trang 23Thevenin-Norton Theorem. The Thevenin theorem and its
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handbook for electrical engineers chuong (1)
... in amperes per second TABLE 1-4 Examples of SI Derived Units of General Application in Engineering SI unit TABLE 1-3 SI Derived Units in Electrical Engineering SI unit electromotive force ∗ In ... point inside a solid body by defining the flux density at such a point as that which would be sured in a thin disk-shaped cavity in the body centered at that point, the axis of the cavity being ... that point and an agreed-on reference point, usually the point at infinity is the scalar-product line integral of the electric field strength along any path from one point to theother in an electric
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handbook for electrical engineers hu (2)
... type. 3.1.12 Electrical Recording Instruments Recording instruments are, in many instances, essentially high-torque indicating instruments arranged so that a permanent, continuous record of the indication ... provided in each case. 3.1.8 Instrument Transformers The material that follows is a brief summary of information on instrument transformers as measure- ment elements. For more extensive information, ... where N is the number of turns in the magnetizing winding, I is the current in amperes, and l is the mean path length of the ring in centimeters. In using Epstein samples, it is nec- essary to...
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handbook for electrical engineers hu (3)
... directly, giving (4-52) 4. ∗Incremental intrinsic permeability m ∆i . The ratio of the change in intrinsic induction to the corresponding change in magnetizing force when the mean induction differs ... metal for construc- tion purposes. Strengthening for castings is obtained by alloying elements. The alloys most suit- able for cold rolling seldom contain less than 90% to 95% aluminum. By alloying, ... slope of the nor- mal induction curve at the origin of linear B and H axes. 7. ∗Intrinsic permeability m i . The ratio of intrinsic induction to the corresponding magnetizing force. 8. ∗Maximum...
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handbook for electrical engineers hu (4)
... together 2. The “inverted lightbulb” of the BWR, which is a concrete cavity in the shape described with a pressure-retaining steel liner 3. The domed cylinder for the PWR; the cylinder of reinforced concrete ... occurred through increasing the temperature of saturated steam supplied to the turbine, by increasing the turbine inlet temperature through constant-pressure superheat, by reducing the sink temperature, ... Extraction or “bleeding” of steam at state c for use in the “open” heater avoids excessive cooling of the vapor during turbine expansion; in the heater, liquid from the condenser increases in temperature...
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handbook for electrical engineers hu (5)
... thrust bearing for normal loading and an “inactive” thrust bearing for reverse loading. The control-valve gear-activating equipment in a turbine usually is mounted on top of the turbine casing at ... gas turbines has been for aircraft propulsion, where the turbine dri- ves only the compressor and the remaining energy is used for thrust. The industrial gas-turbine industry started in the late ... used to cool the turbine parts. The highest-pressure turbine airfoils contain inter- nal cooling passages in order to maintain the metal temperature at acceptable levels for durability, while...
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handbook for electrical engineers hu (6)
... consisting of a cylinder of magnetic steel. In modern generators, the cylinder is formed from a single forging of vacuum degassed steel. The field winding is contained in radial slots in the ... can be coordinated with cooling of the stator core. 7.10.5 Direct and Indirect Cooling Direct cooling, the norm for rotor windings and widely used in stator windings, exposes the cooling medium ... steel. In turbine generators, the rotor is typically made of a single-piece forging of steel with slots for the field winding cut by machining. The losses caused by harmonic driven eddy currents in...
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handbook for electrical engineers hu (7)
... armature-core length, in K 1 ϭ 18.5 for noncommutating-pole machines ϭ 0 for machines with commutating-pole length ϭ L r K 2 ϭ 1.0 for machines using nonmagnetic bands ϭ 1.7 for machines using magnetic ... width required for insulation, varnish, and stacking factor is about 0.140 in. With the wedge space included, the insulation-depth require- ment is about 0.400 in. Compensating Winding Calculations q ... 8-13 reverses in both the armature and the commutating field, and proper canceling is maintained. Note that the strength of the commutating-pole winding must be greater than the armature-winding ampere-turns...
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