reevaluating the role of b leu

... Cloning of oxLDL-specific B cells 18 Trang 51.4.4 B1 cell origin of oxLDL-specific monoclonal antibodies 19 1.4.5 Function of oxLDL-specific Antibodies 21 1.4.6 The role of B cells in Atherosclerosis: ... 2006; Libby et al., 2011) Figure 1 The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis a The recruitment of leukocytes and platelets to atherosclerotic susceptible arterial region after activation of endothelial ... localization of CD22+ B cells is mainly at the base of the plaque of both early fatty streak lesions and mature atherosclerotic plaques (Zhou and Hansson, 1999) The basal localization of CD22+ B cells corresponded

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:23

... population in the spleen of apoE -/- mice (Figure 24B) Therefore, these sets of observations suggest increased frequency of splenic B1a cell population was due to changes in frequency of other lymphocyte ... amount of EBI2 ligand, 7α, 25-OHC This was facilitated by the increased ch25h, but not hsd3b7, mRNA expression observed in the spleen of apoE -/- mice Our result also suggests changes in EBI2 expression ... contribute to the robust extrafollicular responses although it remains possible that B cell subpopulations may display increased ebi2 mRNA expression Trang 103.5 Antibody production of B1a cells

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:24

... into the B cell follicle to participate in the GC reactions (Gatto et al., 2009) The migration of activated B cells to the bridging channel of the follicle suggested the presence of ligand for EBI2, ... oxLDL-specific antibodies could bind to these cells (Chang et al., 2004) Therefore, another functional possibility of IgM antibodies is the clearance of apoptotic cells present in the atherosclerotic ... Therefore, the B cell antibody responses are dependent on BCR affinity for the antigen and thus, it is possible that the nature of lipid antigens interaction with BCR led to the elicitation of

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:24

... Hydrogen bonds formed between the glucose moiety and the protein backbone A bridging water molecule makes two additional hydrogen bonds to the backbone (D) Space filling model of the bound glucose ... terminal glucose of the b-glucan substrate in the)1 subsite at the bottom of the active site pocket [20] The entrance to the active site pocket of Exg is flanked by a pair of phenylalanyl resi-dues, ... solved the crystal structure of this GH5 enzyme in the presence of two different mechanism-based inhibitors, thereby revealing the close network of interactions that hold the terminal glucose of the

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:20

... point is the average of four Sfbgly50 activity determinations using 4 m M MUbglc as substrate The pH stability of the recombinant Sfbgly50 (n) was checked by incubating the enzyme in the same buffers ... optimum The role of arginine in the modulation of the b-glycosidase pH optimum had not been studied before The substitution of Y298 for phenylalanine in Agrobacte-rium sp b-glucosidase affected the ... dielectric constant of the active site, although the deletion of the hydrogen bond between Y331 and E399 is probably a major component of that pKa increment Based on the DpKa of E399 between the wild-type

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:21

... mutations considerably affect the stability of pfLamA The double mutant shows a slightly smal-ler stability than either the single mutants and the similarity between the DDGH2 O values of the variant ... suggested by the lack of coincidence of the changes in relative fluorescence intensity and in k and by the hysteresis of the reversibility process (Fig 4) At the end of the transition, the intrinsic ... not observed for any of the pfLamA vari-ants Thus, the decrease of mgvalue may be ascribed to an increase in the compactness of the non-native state in 7.9 m GdmCl The effect of the double mutation

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... manner One of these adaptor proteins, Bam32, has been shown to regulate BCR signaling On the other hand, the role of paxillin superfamily of adaptor proteins in BCR signaling has not been studied ... this thesis, the potential role of paxillin superfamily members - Hic-5 and leupaxin in BCR signaling were explored The project was initiated by a yeast-two-hybrid screen using Bam32 as a bait, ... fraction on the B cell membrane (Cherukuri et al., 2001; Simons and Toomre, 2000) Besides translocation of BCR to raft, one of the earliest events of BCR signaling involves the activation of Src-family

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:16

... ligation in BJAB cells The induced nature of their interaction further strengthened our hypothesis that LPXN plays a role in BCR signaling Inter-estingly, the kinetics of the interaction between ... leu-paxin inhibited the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways downstream of BCR signaling and suppressed the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by activated mouse A20 B cells and that the inhibition ... upon the engage-ment of BCR on BJAB cells As shown in Fig 1A, treatengage-ment of BJAB cells with 10␮g/ml anti-human IgM F(ab⬘)2fragment led to the tyrosine phosphorylation of LPXN as shown by

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:16

... subpopulations The B-1b “sister population” lacks surface CD5 but shares the other attributes of B-1a cells, such as natural antibody production and low in B220 expression Another subset of B ... in the circulation B-2 cells express high levels of B220, IgD and CD23 and moderate levels of IgM and lack surface CD5 expression The B-1 population can be further subdivided into B-1a and B-1b ... studying the role of Dok-3 in BCR signaling using either A20 mouse B lymphoma cell line or the DT40 chicken B cell line Although these studies indicate a role for Dok-3 in negative signaling of the BCR,

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 09:08

... 1ELUCIDATING THE ROLE OF DOK-3 IN B CELL RECEPTOR SIGNALING USING GENE KNOCKOUT MICE NG CHEE HOE (BSc Biochemistry (Hons.), NUS) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INSTITUTE OF ... love This would be impossible without you i Trang 3Table of Contents List of Schematic Diagrams and Tables xiii Chapter 1 Introduction 1.2.1 Subpopulations of B lymphocytes 4 1.3 B cell receptor ... accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of JNK and p38 Other hallmark events that are displayed by an activated B cell include activation of IκBα degradation accompanied by enhanced NF-κB DNA binding

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 10:44

... the binddemonstrat-ing of this protein to IκB These results show that inhibition of autophagy leads to the accu-mulation of ubiquitinated IκB that is bound to p65, preventing the activation of the ... inhibiting autophagy The accu-mulation of ubiquitinated IκB observed in our study may be explained by the crosstalk between autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway although whether these ... caused by inhibition of au-tophagy itself or by the impaired proteosomal deliv-ery or by both can’t distinguished at the present study As an inhibitor, 3-MA has been used to inhibit the formation of

Ngày tải lên: 15/01/2020, 20:23

... underpinned the birth of the behavioural theories of leadership in the 1930s and the perspective began to move from a belief in the inborn characteristics of leaders, to a focus on behaviour which ... will further explore the recent theories of leadership, and evaluate if these make a further contribution to the recognition of the skills and attributes of women in management or leadership roles ... leaders being described as those Role of leadership theory 243 EOI 25,4 244 who inspired their followers and enabled them to achieve the goals set by the organisation (Bass, 1985) In 1990, Bass

Ngày tải lên: 08/10/2013, 15:56

... cent of the number of students Karl-at the universities, but only 2 per cent of the Ph D-students Their share of thenumber of graduated teachers was 8 per cent, but they have only 4 per cent ofthe ... point of view the lack of correspondence betweenthe profile of the university and the industrial structure of the region becomeimportant The knowledge profile of the university should be directed ... considered the role of public policy ascrucial The role of public policy The researchers at SPRU combined a conviction about the existence of longwaves in the world economy with a strong belief in the

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2014, 16:33

... reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work The boundaries, ... create other— sometimes even more problematic—distor-tions For example, when the government insures the liabilities of banks to reduce the possibility of bank runs, the insured credi-tors of the bank ... product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions Note that The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content included in the work The World Bank therefore

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 10:20

... at community bank branches (billions of $)Percent of all bank branches Deposits at community bank branches (billions of $) Percent of all bank branches Number of community bank branches District ... community bank branches (billions of $)Percent of all bank branches Number of community bank branches State Trang 9banks account for a much smaller percent of urban banking activity, theydo play ... of all banks at the end of 2002 Insharp contrast, they accounted for only 34 percent of banking offices, 19 percent of bank deposits, 16 percent of bank loans, and 15 percent of bank assets The

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... subunit The backbone NH group of R98 forms a hydrogen bond with the backbone CO of F102 Fur-thermore, the orientation of the side chain of the two residues brings the guanidinium plane and the ... (Fig 9B) [49] The above discussion rationalizes the observed effects of the Y74W mutation in PfTIM on the stability of the dimeric structure and catalytic activity Examination of the available ... to the WT* enzyme There are two possible reasons for the low activity of the Y74W* mutant: (a) introduction of the bulkier residue at the interface in place of a tyrosine may destabilize the

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... is better established High probability of measurement errors calls for the use of the average rate of investment in physical capital Besides the possibility of measurement errors, there are other ... limited The scarcity of statistical information, its often low level of reliability, (further undermined by frequent revisions), the lack of consistency in the data, and the often long publication ... gosplan.htm) The command dictates of the centralized economy were shaken with the slow emergence of some forms of market in the later years of the USSR However, with the collapse of the Soviet Union the

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... Department: International Business The economic development of less developed countries (LDCs) has been the subject of debate since the 1950s The debate focuses on the role of import-substituting industrialization ... following the work instigated by the formulation of the Prebisch-Singer thesis in the late 1940s, an abundant literature critical of the gains to be reaped from international trade by LDCs developed The ... significantly contributed to industrial growth in Thailand following the end of the Second World War However, by the early 1970s, the replacement of the importation of these commodities by domestic

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... Dependence  Create reliance  Identify what you have the< /b> other side  might want  Relationship between power &  dependence • Power A, B = Dependence B,  A • Power of< /b> person A over B is equal to the< /b> dependence of< /b> person B on A Rule #12: Remain Flexible  Constantly reevaluate the< /b> effectiveness  of< /b> your choices  Be prepared for anything  Utilize creative thinking and  experimentation ... Alone  Have support of< /b> others – either present  or whom you can mention during the< /b> negotiation process  “Friends in high places” are an  important part of< /b> evidentiary support Rule #1: Establish Credibility  Introduction by others  Biographical sketch  Take notes  Be a good listener   Demonstrate recall & understanding of< /b> information  Suggest an agenda ... Answers  Don’t flaunt your expertise  Help the< /b> other side remain confident (face  issues)  Utilize esteem­reviving comments • Useful when other side takes offense or  negatively reacts to statements • “If you don’t mind, let’s back up here to see if I’ve  misstated my intentions.” • “If I seemed to be abrasive a few moments ago…” • “I may have spoken too quickly” Role < /b> of < /b> Power  Power defined:  • Ability or official capacity to exercise control;  authority • Ability to influence or control others  Sources of< /b> Power • Information • Status • Social networks • Physical appearance ...

Ngày tải lên: 22/08/2012, 22:07

... (Washington, DC: The < /b> World Bank). McDonough, William J., 1990, The < /b> Case for Price Stability, Remarks by the < /b> President of < /b> the < /b> Federal Reserve Bank of < /b> New York before the < /b> 39th International Congress of < /b> the < /b> ... reasonably sustainable growth. They could embody some flexibility (for instance, they could be linked to the < /b> capital ratios of < /b> the < /b> individual banks) and should be revised gradually to avoid big ... ratios should be consistent with the < /b> projected profitability of < /b> banks and the < /b> amount of < /b> public support that is available. Transitional measures could be introduced to cushion the < /b> effects of < /b> new accounting practices...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 09:33