reaction diffusion systems a mathematical biology approach

... messages, provides fake certificate  Digital signature thwarts such attacks Trang 19Message authentication code (MAC) and Digital signature • MAC is used to check integrity of data, digital signature ... communication can begin Trang 15Authentication of data and messages• Authenticity and integrity of data Trang 16Integrity of data• Integrity is ensured through use of a message digest – Message digest ... implies authenticity of data Trang 18Certification authority (CA)• CA assigns public and private keys to an entity after ascertaining its identity though physical verification – It issues a public

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2020, 23:55

... has a different view of what an OS is, and what it does Each of these views is called an abstract view Trang 3Abstract views• An abstract view focuses on the essential characteristics of a ... synchronization(a) The Credit and Debit processes share the account balance, hence only     one of them should access it at any time (b) Generate produces a sample and Analyze analyzes it. Analyze must        wait if Generate has not yet produced a sample Trang ... Fundamental concepts• How does an OS keep track of activities in its various units and in user programs? – An activity causes an event at an appropriate time * An event is a situation that requires

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 00:22

... of a batch * Initiate or terminate processing of a job * Protect adjoining programs in the batch against interference  If a program tries to read more data than provided, the end-of- data card ... main memory and a disk is called virtual memory * A program and its data are stored on the disk * Required portions of the program and its data are loaded in memory when accessed Trang 18Memory ... (h) indicates what percentage of accessed bytes were already present in cache * The cache hit ratio has high values because of  Temporal locality  Spatial locality * Effective memory access

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 00:27

... to the file Trang 30Disk space allocation• Data and meta data – Data written into a file is called file data * A disk block containing only file data is called a data block – Data used by the ... ~A/projects/beta, showcase) creates a link named ‘showcase’ from directory B to file ~A/projects/beta Trang 23Mounting of a file system• An OS may have several file systems – Each file system has a separate ... Index sequential file organization * File has a hierarchical organization To locate a record, a region in the file is first located and then searched sequentially Trang 15Sequential and direct files•

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 00:53

... thread library – A blocking call by a thread blocks the process – Low parallelism Trang 38Scheduling of kernel-level threads• At a ‘create thread’ call, the kernel creates a thread and a thread ... save– The CPU state indicates what the process in operation is doing at any moment (see Chapter 2) – Every resource allocated to a process has a state; every activity also has a state For example, ... the state of a process and changes it as its activity changes – Different operating systems may use different process states Trang 21Fundamental process states– Terminated Trang 22State transitions–

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 01:03

... Trang 1Message Passing Dhamdhere: Operating Systems—A Concept­Based Approach, 2 ed Copyright © 2008Slide No: 1    PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. ©  2007 The McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this PowerPoint slide  may be displayed, reproduced or distributed  ... messages Trang 8Symmetric naming and blocking sends(a) A process executes send and destination process has not executed receive Trang 9Message Passing Dhamdhere: Operating Systems—A Concept­Based Approach, 2 ed ... Dhamdhere: Operating Systems—A Concept­Based Approach, 2 ed Copyright © 2008Slide No: 11    Mailbox •  A mailbox has a name and is a repository of messages •  Processes connect to a mailbox and send / receive messages from it Trang

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 01:05

... in all CPUs are reset Trang 16A scalable software solution for process synchronization • A primary lock is a conventional lock; a shadow lock exists in local memory of a CPU • A CPU creates a ... networksTrang 6SMP architectures• A cache coherence protocol ensures that copies of data in caches and memory are mutually consistent Trang 7SMP architectures• Scalability – Performance of the ... CPUs Trang 8NUMA architecture• A node consists of CPUs, local memory units and I/O system connected by a LAN • It also contains a global port connected to a high speed network and a remote cache

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 01:14

... messages – Faults can arise during its operation * A node containing a part of the computation or its data fails * A link fails – However, failures are partial * A node or link failure may affect ... following a fault – Recovery is the generic term for all three approaches Trang 3Faults and failures • A fault damages the state of a system – We say it causes an error in state of a system – It leads ... is typically achieved through data recovery – Its two aspects are * Fault tolerance for replicated data  Data should remain available; processes should see correct values * Fault tolerance for

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 01:22

... Summary of actions in demand paging •  A page may not have an entry in TLB but may exist in memory •  TLB and page table have to be updated when a page is loaded Trang 23increase rapidly as technology ... pages•  Reference to page 3 causes a page fault because its valid bit is 0 •  The VM handler loads page 3 in an empty page frame and updates    its entry in the page table Trang 10Virtual Memory Dhamdhere: Operating Systems—A Concept­Based Approach, 2 ed  ... would be larger if more page frames are allocated – The actual number of page frames allocated to a process is a tradeoff between * A high value to ensure high hit ratio and * A low value to

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 01:32

... requests are discarded Trang 18Distributed computation paradigms• A distributed application may organize data in several * Parts of data are kept in different nodes A distributed computation paradigm ... computations Trang 19Modes of accessing remote data• Data in a distant node can be accessed in three ways – Remote data access * Data is accessed over the network * Slows down operation of the application ... operation of the application – Data migration * Data is moved to the site of the application * May complicate management of replicated data – Process migration * An application process is moved

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 01:54

... shows an arrangement using boolean variables – Q: If variables are used for signaling, could race conditions arise on these variables? Trang 13An attempt at signaling through boolean variablesTrang ... threads • Hybrid implementation – wait and signal operations are implemented in a library * block_me and activate are system calls Trang 66Problems in using semaphores• Wait and signal operations ... constant – Signaling to ensure that an operation ai is performed after some other operation aj * A signal(S) operation is performed after a j * A wait(S) operation is performed before a Trang

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 02:15

... •  VM/370 is an early widely known VM OS; it worked on IBM/370 Trang 16* Application processes uses the capabilities of a virtual machine– Virtualization is the process by which capabilities of host machine are made available in virtual machine (VM) ... virtualization: all capabilities of host are available in VM  May lead to lack of security as VM OS cannot prevent an application process from using privileged instructions * If full virtualization ... capabilities of the host machine Trang 19Mechanisms in a kernel Trang 20Operating Systems Dhamdhere: Operating Systems—A Concept­Based Approach, 2 ed Copyright © 2008Slide No: 20    Dynamically

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 02:23

... – notably, nonlinear chemical kinetics and dynamic system theory – flourished Mathematical tools and computational resources became available with which to model and explain a WHAT LIES AHEAD? ... waves of electrical excitation in the heart’s myocardiac tissue propagate as spirals (Figure 1.6),18 they can lead to lifethreatening reentrant cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia ... NATURE USES RD Some examples of RD in nature are shown in Figure 1.2 Figure 1.2 Examples of animate (a d) and inanimate (e–h) reaction diffusion systems on various length scales (a) Calcium waves...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 15:05

... characterization and accuracy After data normalization, each joint angular profile was mathematically characterized to obtain a synthetic representation of motion and facilitate the extraction of spatial, ... Multi-finger coordination in healthy subjects and stroke patients: a mathematical modelling approach Ilaria Carpinella1*, Johanna Jonsdottir2 and Maurizio Ferrarin1 Abstract Background: Approximately 60% ... treated separately and only amin, amax and ROM, as calculated from the measured data, were included in the analysis Statistical analysis Considering the small sample of data, comparisons were made...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... rules (Nakasuka and Yoshida, 1992; Shaw et al., 1992; Aydin and Oztemel, 2000; Jahangirian and Conroy, 2000; Jeong, 2000; Subramaniam et al., 200 0a) The idea of this approach is to dynamically switch ... OF NOTATIONS AHP Analytic Hierarchy Process ANOM Analysis of Means ANOVA Analysis of Variance BD Machine Breakdown BN Bayesian Network DA Decision Analysis DOE Design of Experiment DID Dynamic ... algorithm (Jahangirian and Conroy, 2000; Jeong, 2000; Tay and Ho, 2008), simulated annealing (Jeong, 2000), Analytic Hierarchy Process (Subramaniam et al., 200 0a) , intelligent agent (Nakasuka...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:09

... ways The relay feedback approach, for its simplicity and light-computational load, is a good candidate However, due to dissimilarity of linear and nonlinear systems, there are still great challenges ... linear-nonlinear hybrid systems are mainly categorized into time domain based and frequency domain based approaches For the time domain approach, current existing methods based on relay-feedback ... between a measured plant variable and a desired setpoint by calculating and then outputting a corrective action that can adjust the process accordingly and rapidly, to keep the error minimal • Gain...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:06

... measured leakage values with graphpad prism software Gas exchange measurement Exchange rates of CO2 were measured with an infrared gas analysis system (Uras G; Hartmann & Braun AG, Frankfurt am ... Heyer AG (2010) Mathematical modelling of the central carbohydrate metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals a substantial regulatory influence of vacuolar invertase on whole plant carbon metabolism ... cold acclimation through assembly of reaction details In the present study, a systems biology approach with dynamic modelling was developed and validated by experimental data on two Arabidopsis accessions,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... this article as: Henkel et al.: A systems biology approach to analyse leaf carbohydrate metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana EURASIP Journal on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology 2011 2011:2 Abbreviations ... a statistical analysis of the parameter space was used to determine whether a given steady state of a metabolite is always stable or whether it may be unstable for certain values of the normalized ... presented a kinetic modelling approach to simulate and analyse diurnal dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism in A thaliana Based on simulated fluxes in leaf cells, we could assign possible physiological...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... has yet to be elucidated [151, 153] 1.4.3.1 Dynamic localization of class IIa HDACs as a means of gene regulation HDACs 4, and 7, together with HDAC9 form a subclass of HDACs (class IIa) that ... feedback against calcium activation by GnRH, affecting pathways downstream of calcium, particularly the MAPKs 1.3.2.3 The function of Gem as a negative regulator of the Rho-Rho kinase pathway in ... unlikely that Gem acts similarly to Ras in activating some of the key MAPK pathways Rather than being a bona fide GTPase, it is more a guanine nucleotide-binding protein Another notable characteristic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:11

... (1977), axiom A2 has been named K and principle A3 has been named T Already in Lewis and Langford (1959), A4 was referred to as and A5 as Later, axiom A6 has been named D Thus, different systems are ... behind TeamLog from Kim Does, Harmen Wassenaar, Alina Strachocka and Andrzej Szałas In addition, Kim, Michał and Alina also offered a great support by bringing numerous technical tasks to a successful ... string aba is embeddable in itself, in aaba and in abca (notation aba ≤ abca), but not in aabb Parikh and Krasucki (1992) extend this notion to so-called C-embeddability for the epistemic language...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 15:20