reabsorption of glucose and amino acids

... uptake because mutations in these amino acids caused lack of transport; the amino acids in question are Asp115, Glu257, and Cys266 All of these are conserved in SBATs and are found also in the human ... importance of negatively charged amino acids for sodium-coupled substrate cotransport or exchange [12,13,16–18] Mutations of all conserved and two nonconserved negatively charged amino acids to ... Inc., Turku, Finland) Results Search for conserved negatively charged amino acids, cysteines and C-terminal threonines by sequence identity An alignment of the amino acid sequence of nine SBAT proteins,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

... Results of the yeast protein interaction assay are shown in Fig 8(B) Substitution of amino acids 23, 26 and 27 completely abolished interaction with GalDBD-AR.LBD and alanines at positions 24 and ... function of AR NTD and thus does not allow discrimination between loss of AR.NTD-AR.LBD binding and loss of AR.NTD transactivating function In the yeast assay, loss of transactivation function of AR ... results are presented in Fig In the absence of ligand, none of the AR NTD proteins showed LBD interaction However, in the presence of ligand, both AR.NTDwt and AR.NTDD3– 13 bound to AR LBD with similar...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... Gomurashvili, Z., Katsarava, R., and Kricheldorf, H.R (2000) Amino acid based bioanalogous polymers Synthesis and study of new poly(ester amide)s composed of hydrophobic α -amino acids and dianhydrohexitoles ... C.C., and Won, C.Y (1999) Amino acid-based bioanalogous polymers Synthesis, and study of regular poly(ester amides) based on bis(α -amino acid) α,ω-alkylene diesters, and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids ... S.N., Yarmush, M.L., and Kohn, J (1993) Copolymers of lysine and polyethylene glycol: a new family of 129 130 Biodegradable Polymers Composed of Naturally Occurring α -Amino Acids 51 52 53 54 55...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 08:20

... β -amino acids including (1) the resolution of racemic β -amino acids, (2) the use of naturally occurring chiral α -amino acids, and (3) asymmetric synthesis (Liu and Sibi 2002) As resolutions of ... peptidomimetics and the synthesis of bioactive compounds In order to distinguish positional isomers of β -amino acids, the terms β2-, β3- and β2,3 -amino acids have been introduced by Seebach and coworkers ... noncharged ketone and a zwitterionic amino acid) Advantages of this assay are the broad spectra of amino donors and amino acceptors which can be used and its high sensitivity Yet the mode of analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... Here, we studied the regional distribution of the inorganic phosphate (Pi) and glucose transporter in the brain of normal and MPTPintoxicated mice Pi and glucose represent key molecules in cellular ... EL and HA: carried out the immunofluorescence assays and drafted the manuscript; JLB and MS: conceived the envelope-derived tagged ligands while; JLB, HA, ML and JT: generated, optimized and ... al.: Regional characterization of energy metabolism in the brain of normal and MPTP-intoxicated mice using new markers of glucose and phosphate transport Journal of Biomedical Science 2010 17:91...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... sarcolemma and Z disks resulting in increased serum levels of CK Of note, the time-release and clearance of CK depends mainly on the type of exercise and its variables (volume, intensity, and duration) ... supplementing an amino acid mixture (BCAA-enriched; 60% of essential amino acids) 30 minutes before, immediately after, and days post-exercise (900 actions of arm curl with 1.80 to 3.44 kg of range of workload) ... Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... Proteomic analysis of the seeds of another woody plant, Prunus campanulata, provide evidence of the involvement of prunin and dehydrin in the response to warm and cold conditions of stratification, ... content of amino acids increases due to hydrolysis of reserve proteins The increase in aminotransferase (spot G17) accumulation caused by GA was associated with stratification and germination of Norway ... maintenance methylation and affecting expression of thousands of genes The hog1 mutant plants grow slowly and have low fertility and reduced seed germination Complementation of the hog1 mutation...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... analyses, and drafted the manuscript ST, DMB, and CL conducted the study and acquired and interpreted the data FSL conducted the amino acid analyses BKP conceived of and designed the research and handled ... humans [14,15] and because separation of amino acids is difficult in whole blood, concentrations were determined in plasma, although the exchange between brain and blood of amino acids takes place ... concentrations of amino acids at baseline, measured in the present study, were comparable to whole-blood concentrations of amino acids in humans reported previously [17] The supernatant was frozen and stored...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 20:21

... equation using a Km of 460 lM, a Vmax of 2.52 nmol PiÆminÆmg)1 and an offset of 0.1 nmol PiÆminÆmg)1 for SUR2A, and a Km of 41 lM, a Vmax of 0.73nmol PiÆminÆmg)1 and an offset of 0.05 nmol PiÆminÆmg)1 ... values of 995 and 878 lM, and Vmax values of 31 and 27 nmol PiÆmin)1Æmg)1 protein, respectively The dashed line is the average of the ATPase activities • of NBD1 and NBD2B Table ATPase activities and ... lm), and NBD2A (529 lm) The different activities of NBD2A and NBD2B could result from an inhibitory effect of the C-terminal 42 amino acids of NBD2B or a stimulatory effect of the equivalent amino...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 11:20

... region (amino acids 19–43), and four extracellular domains spanning amino acids 44–150 (domain C), 151– 274 (domain D), 275–586 (domain E), and 587–750 (domain F) While the domain spanning amino acids ... the putative zinc ligands, putative substrate-binding residues and other amino acids situated in the vicinity of these residues The results confirmed the importance of the amino acid residues, ... chromatography and chromatofocusing, as described previously [21] Results Expression and secretion of truncated variants of GCPII To analyze the contribution of individual domains of human GCPII...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... aromatic amino acids (Phe, Tyr, and Trp); negatively charged amino acids (Asp and Glu); positively charged amino acids (Lys and Arg); small aliphatic amino acids (Gly and Ala); larger aliphatic amino ... amino acids (Val, Leu, Ile, and Pro); and hydrophilic amino acids (Ser, Thr, His, Asn, Gln, Cys, and Met) The nomenclature of Schechter and Berger [5] was adopted to designate the amino acids ... Arg143 and Lys192 are essential in conferring a strong preference for acidic amino acids at position P2¢ of the substrates Table P2¢ specificity and amino acids found in positions 40, 143 and 192 of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:21

... Comparisons of relative enzymatic activities of CpcE ⁄ F and their mutants, of covalent binding of PCB to CpcE and CpcF, and of their capacity for transferring PCB All test were done under standard ... CpcE(L276D) Fig (A, B) Comparison of conserved N- and C-terminal domains in CpcE and PecE from different organisms, and (C) of N-terminal amino acids in CpcF and PecF CLUSTAL W (1.8) multiple ... amounts of CPC [20,25,26] Homologous lyases of the ‘E ⁄ F-type’ are involved in the attachment of PEB and PCB to C84 Chromophore binding by a-phycocyanin lyase of the a-subunits of CPE and PEC,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:21

... ve-carbon amino acids) and asparagine and aspartate (four-carbon amino acids) (up to 80% of the total amino acids) (Fig 3) 4068 te te cc mc se Fig In situ hybridization of the transcripts of GLU1, ... biosynthesis and transport of amino acids under photorespiratory and nonphotorespiratory conditions Results Expression of the genes for GOGATs and CPSase In order to understand the physiological role of ... hybridization of the transcripts As the endogenous photorespiratory ammonium affected the levels of ammonium and amino acids in the GLU1 and GLT mutants (Fig 3), we investigated whether expression of the...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release: insulinotropic action of br anched-chain amino acids at physiological concentr ations of glucose and glutamine Eur J Clin Invest ... Nishitani S Takehana K: Phar macological activities of br anched-chain amino acids: augmentation of albumin synthesis in liver and improvement of glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle Hepatol Res ... match The effect of branched-chain amino acids and arginine on glucose disposal and performance was also investigated Nine well-trained male wrestlers participated in trials in a random order Each...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... Figures xiv List of Tables xvi List of Abbreviations Chapter One Introduction An Overview of Pain, its physiology, classification and molecular mechanisms of pain, role of amino acids and known peptides ... concentration of pain related amino acids 79 3.3 CSF concentration of other amino acids not related to pain 81 Chapter 4.1 Comparison of concentration of pain-related amino acids in CSF Acute labor ... Three An analysis of amino acid neurotransmitters and nitric oxide in acute labor pain Applying our new method for amino acid analysis in CSF to analysis of physiological amino acids and other pain...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 09:55

... localized on chromosome 10q24 and consists of 32 exons encoding a polypeptide of 1545 amino acids The membrane topology for MRP2 is like that of MRP1 and consists of 17 TM helices, which form ... chromosome 17q21.3 and contains a single ORF of 1527 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 169.4 kDa The membrane topology predicted for MRP3 is like that of MRP1 and MRP2 and comprises ... recognition and transport activity have been identified A series of studies have shown that mutation of individual aromatic, polar, and charged amino acids can affect the recognition and transport of...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 13:53

... production, inhibit appetite, and slow the rate of gastric emptying [3] GLP-1 (1-37), the intracellular precursor of GLP-1, is cleaved from proglucagon, and the first six amino acids are subsequently ... to connect the 3’ terminus of GLP-1-A gene and 5’ terminus of gAd gene The product of this nucleotide sequence was a glycine-rich short peptide including 15 amino acids: [N-(Serine-glycine)7 ... SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis Assay of glucose- lowering effect of gAd-GLP-1-A fusion protein Male KM mice were housed at 23-25°C in a 12-hour light/dark cycle with access to standard powdered...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:10

... introduction of the technology, various methods were searched for and developed for microbial production of other amino acids Today a whole array of amino acids are produced by microbial methods and used ... Brevibacterium lactofermentum, and B flavum in the presence of high concentrations of sugar and ammonium ions at neutral pH and under aerobic condition [2] The pathway of biosynthesis of l-lysine and l-threonine ... soybea1ns contain lower amounts of lysine, which is one of Microbial Production of Amino Acids in Japan 77 the essential amino acids for those livestocks The estimated amount of l-lysine produced in...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2013, 02:20

... moiety and Trp191 in the ligand-bound form of the enzyme Conclusion hACMSD appears to be an important enzyme controlling the cellular levels of QA, PA and NAD As a consequence, modulation of hACMSD ... ligand-bound form, and may be used to assist the structure-based rational design of enzyme inhibitors with potential medical interest Crystal structure of human ACMSD C-ter N-ter Results and ... stereochemistry of the model has been assessed using the program procheck [23] Ninety per cent of the residues fall in the most favoured regions of the Ramachandran plot, with Asn148 and His269 falling...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 06:20

... of Glu, glycosylation of Ser or Thr, bromination of Trp, sulfation of Tyr, cyclization of N-terminal Gln, and epimerization of several different residues It is quite rare for such a variety of ... structure of conomarphin was similar to those of other conotoxin cDNAs The cDNA-encoded precursor of conomarphin consisted of a conserved M-superfamily signal peptide of 25 residues, a proregion of ... bonds for Asn11(CO)–Trp14(HN) and Ser12(CO)– Thr15(HN), and confirmed by the slow solvent exchange kinetics of the amide protons of Trp14 and Thr15 The observation of two small 3JHN-Ha coupling...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20