quantum theory of light

... energy of electron- photon interaction T he averaging of operators in eqs (3) and (4) is implemented with non-interaction Hamiltonian H o of the electron-photon systems The structure of quantum ... role of the well-known mass operator of electron in Born approximation in the case of the absence of a magnetic field 2.2 In the case o f the presence o f a m a g n etic field We consider a quantum ... 55 Fig 4 I he dependence of and r+ _ (i7 ) on the rỉ-cyclotron frequency for the case of ỈICO O.OõOểV^ and thcr width of quantum well L=125 A Fig 5 The dependence of r _ + Q) and r+_(fì) on

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2017, 22:40

... Trang 1QUANTUM THEORY OF ABSORPTION QUANTUM THEORY OF ABSORPTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IN TWO IN TWO DIMENSIONAL ... University of Science Abstract: Quantum theory of absorption of electromagnetic wave (EMW) by confined electrons in two - dimensional (2D) graphene has been studied by using the quantum kinetic ... the problem of absorption of the electromagnetic wave in the case of the presence of an external magnetic field in 2D Graphene has not been studied, so, in this work, we used the quantum kinetic

Ngày tải lên: 13/01/2020, 09:12

... metals Modifications of this theory in terms of the introduction of a magnetic field have been made by Silin [107] Let us begin by considering the ground state of a system of N electrons For a ... Liquid Theory The phenomenological theory of an interacting fermion system was developed by Landau in 1956 [106] Although Landau was mainly interested in the properties of liquid He3 , his theory ... H Kasai, and K Makoshi 122 Theory of Magnetism By K Yosida 123 Quantum Kinetics in Transport and Optics of Semiconductors By H Haug and A.-P Jauho 124 Relaxations of Excited States and Photo-Induced

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2020, 23:27

... extraction of higher order corrections increasingly challenging.Nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics (NRQED) aims to merge the straightforwardness of quantum mechanics with the rigor of field theory ... the Effective Dirac Equation Quantum field theory offers a clear method for determining the energy levels of composite systems, which are identified by the positions of the poles in the corresponding ... solutions of the Schrödinger equation, which describes the behavior of an electron in the electric field of an infinitely heavy Coulomb center with a charge of Z, equivalent to the proton charge.In quantum

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2022, 08:28

... 1Quantum Nature of Light (Quantum Optics) Ho Chi Minh University of Technology Courtesy of N Brunner and J Simmonds Trang 2Light behave like a wave or a particle(This is called the duality of ... fundamental sources of all electromagnetic radiation (EMR) are electric charges in accelerated motion • All bodies emit electromagnetic radiation as a result of thermal motion of their molecules ... position of a charged particle creates “waves” called electromagnetic waves • The electromagnetic waves travel through empty space eventually interacting with a distant charged • Visible light is

Ngày tải lên: 27/02/2023, 08:12

... way of thinking about black holes as quantum states of the matter variables in the theory. 2 STRING THEORY AND SUPERGRAVITY In a certain regime of parameters, string theory is best thought of ... STRING THEORY: THE FUNDAMENTAL STRING String theory is a quantum theory of gravity Thus, black holes should appear in this theory as excited quantum states An idea of Susskind ... is a natural process in any theory of quantum gravity. In this view, the natural description of states is in fact in terms of density matrices, and the pure states of quantum mechanics that we

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 15:30

... of this paper is to present a newly discovered link between three seemingly unrelated subjects—quantum graphs, the theory of random matrix en-sembles and combinatorics We discuss the nature of ... coefficients of the oscillatory part s n = trS n will play an important rˆole in the following s n = trS n is a sum over products of n matrix elements of S, and because of (12) the bond indices of each ... operator as sums of periodic orbits of the graph The two-point correlations in the spectrum of S (16) can be expressed in terms of the average excess probability density R2(r; β) of finding two

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 06:23

... anymore a possible artifact of our treatment of quantum gravity, this is the effective quantum mechanics [51, 5, 6] that emerges from a consistent quantum theory of gravity An intuitive way to ... be expected from a respectable quantum theory of gravity, BH dynamics is not in conflict with quantum mechanics There are several intuitive arguments that shed light on the above, rather drastic ... elaborate program of BH studies, and eventually, we succeeded in developing a new dynamical theory of string black holes [45] One first observes that in ST there is an infinity of particles of different

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:21

... The characteristics of such “closed” systems include, of course, conservation of energy and no definite arrow of time or no flow of time, which is reflected in the forms of (9), (18), which are ... basically of two cylinders of nine triplets of MTs each, forming a kind of separated T At some point, each of the two cylinders in the centriole grows another, each apparently dragging a bundle of MTs ... for quantum decoherence, or equivalently the quantum coherence lifetime τc, as defined by the off-diagonal elements damping factor [43]: exp[−Nt(m6/M3)(∆X)2], for a system of N constituents of

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:21

... supportive of the onset of long- range quantum coherence, but they are also very prot ective of quantum coherence, shielding it from standard physical environmental effects, modulo, of course, ... that this quantum coherence is capable of superposition of states among MT spatially distributed over hundreds of microns! These in turn are in sup erpo sition with other MTs hundreds of microns ... physical picture of what is going on. More specifically, in the case of the MT system t he conformational, quantum transitions of the dimers (|α ↔ |β) create abrupt distortions of spacetime, thus

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:21

... actions of the brain. This kind of microphysical expla- nation is, o f course, supportive of an evolutionary natural selection, where in this case survival of the fittest reads survival of the ... probabilistic (∼ 0.3 −0.4) way. Thus, the probability of quantum (vesicular) emission is a holistic property of the presynaptic vesicular grid of the bouton! Actually, they further noticed [9, 97] ... points of MTs! There are about 10,000 vesicles per synaptic unit or bouton, of which only (30–80) belong to the “firing zone” of the paracrystalline presynaptic vesicular grid [98] and of which,

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:21

... construction of the quantum field theory of the interacting system of plasmons, photons and phonons on the basis of general fundamental principles of electrodynamics and quantum field theory of many-body ... of electrodynamics and quantum theory of many-body system For the application of mathematical tools of functional integral technique, the physical content of the theory of phonons in solids must ... Hermitian quantum field, whose quantum is plasmon: the quantum plasmon field The expression of σ (x , t ) in terms of the destruction and creation operators of plasmon was known Thus the quantum

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2017, 01:04

... 2Basics of quantum field theory ofelectromagnetic interaction processes in single-layer graphene Van Hieu Nguyen Advanced Center of Physics and Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science ... first example of the application of perturbation theory, the second order terms in the perturbative expansions of boundary 2-point Green functions of electromagneticfield as well as of 2-point Green ... corners of the first Brillouin zone in the reciprocal lattice of the hexagonal crystalline structure of a graphene monolayer They are called Dirac points In the framework of the quantum field theory

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2017, 05:34

... is often referred to as lack of causality in quantum measurements squeezing The most profound and fundamental postulate of the quantum theory probably a com-mutation relation A certain pair of ... only the influence of the un-known force on the quantum system but also the influence of the coupling of the quantum probe and the measurement of the probe observable on the quantum system We ... property of a “measuring” quantum probe The goal of this section is to demon-strate that there are two types of uncertainty relations, one for the quantum system and the other for the quantum

Ngày tải lên: 01/10/2018, 05:58

... is often referred to as lack of causality in quantum measurements squeezing The most profound and fundamental postulate of the quantum theory probably a com-mutation relation A certain pair of ... only the influence of the un-known force on the quantum system but also the influence of the coupling of the quantum probe and the measurement of the probe observable on the quantum system We ... property of a “measuring” quantum probe The goal of this section is to demon-strate that there are two types of uncertainty relations, one for the quantum system and the other for the quantum

Ngày tải lên: 02/08/2019, 20:22

... Trang 1RESEARCH OF QUANTUM THEORY ON OF QUANTUM THEORY ON OF QUANTUM THEORY ON THE KINETIC EFFECTS IN QUANTUM WIRES UNDER THE KINETIC EFFECTS IN QUANTUM WIRES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF AN EXTERNAL ... basis of quantum kinetic equations in two main directions: The theory of nonlinear absorption of electromagnetic waves by confined electrons in quantum wires (first problem) and quantum theory ... recent years 2 CONTENTS 2.1 Theory of absorbing weak electromagnetic waves in quantum wires in the presence of strong electromagnetic waves The study of physical problems of the weak electromagnetic

Ngày tải lên: 13/01/2020, 12:01

... that the intensity of the radiation emitted from a body increases rapidly with increasing temperature of the body. Chapter XX Chapter XX Quantum theory of light Quantum theory of light §1. Blackbody ... physics. 2.2 Einstein’s quantum theory of light: To overcome the difficulty of classical physics, Albert Einstei n introduced the quantum theory of light, and developed the correct analysis of the photoelectric ... earlier Planck’s theory of radiation, the postulates of Einstein’s theory is as follows: Light consists of small “packages” of energy called photons or light quanta. The energy of a photon is...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 07:20

... also the nontechnical public. The theory of super- conductivity is considered difficult. Lectures on the subject are normally given at the end of Quantum Theory of Solids, a second-year graduate ... surface at 0 K. Theoretically much of the band theory of solids 24 and the microscopic theory of superconductivity are based on this model. The occurrence of superconductors critically depends ... theory. A large body of theoretical and experimental work followed several years after the BCS theory. By 1964 the general consensus was that the BCS theory is an essentially correct theory of...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 17:40

... of the motion of the center of mass of an electron-positron pair, producing a bound state. Motion of the center of charge of the system (3.97) around the C.M. Motion of the center of charge of ... at the scale of elementary interactions, behaves according to the laws of quantum mechanics. The finer the classical analysis of basic objects of matter, the richer will be their quantum mechanical ... composition law of one-parameter subgroups re- duces to the addition of the corresponding parameters of the involved group elements. Consider F ( X) a Hilbert space of states of a quantum system;...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:37

... parts of the universe that are still inflating 1,2 . The reason is that the evolution of ϕ is influenced by quantum fluctuations. This applies in particular to the range of ϕ near the maximum of ... g. Applications of Conformality to Particle Phenomenology. It is assumed that the Lagrangian is nearly conformal. That is, it is the soft - breaking of a conformal theory. The soft breaking terms ... frontierproblems of science. Global Foundation Board of Trustees Behram N. Kursunoglu,Global Foundation, Inc., Chairman of theBoard,Coral Gables. M. Jean Couture, Former Secretary of Energy of France,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:41