quantitative aspects of veterinary pharmacovigilance

... 2000), this chapter will emphasize the quantitative aspects of NEFA metabolism Composition and Sources of Plasma NEFA and TAG The metabolically most active pool of long-chain fatty acids is transported ... Dunshea1,3 School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; 2CSIRO, Division of Livestock Industries, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; 3Department of Primary ... deal with the composition and sources of plasma NEFA, the fate of NEFA during different physiological states as well as the acute and chronic regulation of NEFA metabolism In addition, this chapter...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

... flow over periods of 90 to 120 min The velocity of propagation of MMC in the jejunum of normally fed sheep is 18 cm/min, which is similar tothe value of 20 cm/min for the velocity of digesta flow ... the peculiarities of metabolism that cope with the unusual products of microbial digestion The reading list at the end of this chapter gives some ofthe books in which the biology of ruminants is ... Chapter 1 of the previous edition of this book (Forbes andFrance, 1993) However, all the subsequent chapters in this second edition are ß CAB International 2005 Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15

... because of its role both in the processes of digestion and tion and in the expression of voluntary feed consumption absorp-The Nature of Digesta The ruminant GI tract consists of a succession of mixing ... estimates to be made of the partition of digestion, i.e the extentof digestion, absorption and/or secretion occurring in defined segments of thetract Rate of passage is a measure of the time during ... for as much as80–90% of the variation in digesta flow (Faichney, 1975b; MacRae, 1975) Measurement of Rate of Passage Measurement of the MRT of a digesta component in a segment of the GI tractrequires...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15

... Rate of intake of legumes was higher than for grasses and the extent of size reduction of petioles and stems was correspondingly less (Wilman et al., 1996) The greater ease of breakdown of lucerne ... of the unique aspects of ruminant physiology is the circuitous route often followed by individual particles in the alimentary ß CAB International 2005 Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion ... for data of Gherardi et al (1992) for sheep fed diets in which particle size of wheat hay was varied between and 101 mm (Fig 5.1) When a screen of 2.36 mm aperture was used instead of one of 1.18...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 00:15

... schemeassumes no re-entry of label into the rumen Q, totalVFA; q, quantity of tracer; Fvo, rate of de novo VFAproduction; Fov, rate of VFA removal; s, plateauspecific activity of total VFA; and I, ... quantity of tracer, Fvo(mmol/h)the rate of production de novo (i.e entry into the pool) and Fov(mmol/h) therate of removal The g carbon can equally well be used instead of the mmol asthe unit of mass ... acidkinetics Journal of Nutrition 113, 1265–1277 Barcroft, J., McAnally, R.A and Phillipson, A.T (1944) Absorption of volatile acidsfrom the alimentary tract of sheep and other animals Journal of ExperimentalBiology...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... production of copious quantities of saliva containing bicarbonate and phosphate salts, which enable the rumen to be maintained at a pH of 6–7 Mixing of rumen contents and ß CAB International 2005 Quantitative ... less than 8% of the total Over 200 species of rumen bacteria have been described since the pioneering work of R.E Hungate began in the 1940s All of the principal morphological forms of small bacteria, ... cloven-hoofed mammals of the Artiodactyla, are best equipped for maximal digestion of plant biomass, which is achieved by prolonged retention within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract The second type of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product, and exclusion of others that may be suitable ß CAB International 2005 Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant ... protein profiles in complex mixed cultures of organisms These approaches have not yet been used quantitatively, but they offer the possibility of mapping the genetics and gene expression of mixed ... independent of the route, the enthalpy change of a fermentation can be calculated from heats of combustion (substrates vs products, Table 9.1) A homolactic fermentation requires 10.5 cal of enthalpy...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... supplemented with only small quantities of concentrates Consumption of this type of forage with less than 45% of NDF resulted in the highest intake of soluble carbohydrate of kg/day or more At first sight ... effect of apparent digestibility of organic matter and an interaction of the latter with level of feed intake Another equation that is often used relates methane production to the intake of three ... as 30% with a consumption of 10 kg of starch per day The effect of soluble carbohydrate on NDF degradation seems to be opposite to that of starch The highest values of around 80% NDF degradation...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... is incapable of having a net uptake of glucose (Brockman, 1983) Metabolism of Glucose Methodology Any discussion of the quantitative aspects of metabolism requires a discussion of the techniques ... radioactivity of the precursor at the site of metabolic use, causes an underestimation of the rate of conversion of precursor to product Consequently, estimates of the rate of conversion of precursor ... of time, the rate of entry of the metabolite into the pool equals the rate of exit and represents its rate of turnover The turnover rate may also be determined by measuring the rate of exit of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... The role of veterinary pharmacovigilance in risk analysis and the influence of risk perception on veterinary pharmacovigilance H.P.A Illing 31 The role of quality assurance in veterinary pharmacovigilance ... 529 605 27 Causality in pharmacovigilance and expectedness of adverse reactions K.N Woodward 639 28 Quantitative aspects of veterinary pharmacovigilance K.N Woodward 659 29 Veterinary adverse reactions ... Agency: conduct of pharmacovigilance activities K Grein Veterinary pharmacovigilance in France G Keck and X Pineau Pharmacovigilance in Germany C Ibrahim and A Wilke Veterinary pharmacovigilance...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 16:20

... because of the low profile of women in management at this time, and it can be assumed that the profile of women in management would not have been advanced in any significant way from this body of ... towards raising the profile of women in management, as the theory was constructed as a male model at a time when women were not visible in paid employment One of the off shoots of the great man theory ... 330) which is more typical of male behaviours Of interest is the inclusion of ‘‘control’’ as a significant feature of the transactional style, common in definition of leadership in the 1990s...

Ngày tải lên: 08/10/2013, 15:56

... percent of the total by the end of 1999 14 Table Structure of Financial Assets Year Mo Deposits with FIs Loans of FIs Borrowin Bonds g by the Ministry of Finance Capitalizat Insurance Total ion of ... under the framework of financial globalization II Review of Institution Building in the Financial Sector A Main driving forces of institution building A review of the developments of China’s financial ... Sources of Enterprises C Monetarization of the economy sharply increased The monetarization of an economy is measured by the M2/GDP ratio, of which, M2 is broad money that equals to the sum of currency...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 07:15

... Anthony Robbins, M.D Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health Washington, DC U.S Department of Defense Michael Peterson, D.V.M., Dr.P H Office of the Surgeon General Department of the Army Falls ... for the Elimination of Tuberculosis (ACET) September 1995 ACTING CHAIRPERSON Jeffrey R Starke, M.D Associate Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston, ... status of study populations; uncertain comparability of control populations; incomplete assessment of ongoing exposure to contagious TB patients; inadequate follow-up of study populations; lack of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 13:20

... DISTRIBUTION OF COMMUNITY BANKS BY SIZE OF ORGANIZATION (December 2002) Size of community banking organization Number of banks Percent of all community banks Assets (billions of $) Percent of all community ... percent of banking offices, 19 percent of bank deposits, 16 percent of bank loans, and 15 percent of bank assets The reason community banks hold a smaller share of bank assets and loans than of bank ... (billions of 2002 $) Percent of total 895 34.5 798 24.7 762 19.3 Loans Amount (billions of 2002 $) Percent of total 535 30.0 502 19.3 591 15.5 Note: Data are for end of year except banking offices,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... these data are suggestive of a role of membranes, in particular of negatively charged membranes, in the mechanism of action of RNases, we investigated the ability of a series of RNases to destabilize ... shows the shape of the electrostatic field of BS-RNase seen from different directions Figure S3 compares the electrostatic field of different Fig Plot of the EIE values as function of rotation (r) ... cycles of steepest descent followed by 50 cycles of conjugate gradients and 50 cycles of steepest descent) No clashes were detected at the dimer interface of the models or in the surroundings of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... N-glycans of oligomannosidic type 1627 Role of N-glycosylation and N-glycan trimming of GAT1 G Cai et al Expression of N-glycosylation mutants on the plasma membrane of CHO cells The expression of NNN ... GABA-uptake process of GAT1 Finally, we found that deficiency of N-glycosylation did not affect the affinity of GAT1 for GABA The observed reduction of GAT1-specific GABAuptake due to deficiency of N-glycans ... N-Glycosylation mutations result in reduction of GABA-uptake activity For quantitative measurement of the specific activity of GABA-uptake, an aliquot of the stable CHO transfectants was used for...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... first part of the paper is based upon Multiple Choice Analysis and identifies the determinants of the probability of an enterprise declaring itself profitable, on the basis of a projection of discriminating ... The largest part of the micro-economic literature on transition is based, more or less directly, on Kornais notion of a shift of regime, from soft to hard budget constraints The soft budget constraint ... consistency of the data base as well as a series of relationships between the different variables, including profit This also makes possible the identification of four sub-groups of firms, with...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:20

... microfinance field The result is an explosion of diversity: diversity of delivery channels, of services, of funding sources for MFI and, of course, a variety of clients.”5 1.3 Diversity of players ... Report Microfinance in Asia/Pacific – Experiences of WSBI members 3.1 Snapshot of Microfinance in Asia/Pacific 91 3.1.1 Market structure and outreach 91 3.1.2 Microfinance actors 92 3.1.3 Microfinance ... INTRODUCTION: CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROFINANCE This edition of Perspectives analyses the role of savings banks and WSBI members in microfinance.1 The first section discusses microfinance in general The...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 10:20

... and formation of the oxazolinium ion intermediate; (C) Hydrolysis of the oxazolinium ion intermediate Copyright National Academy of Sciences, USA questioned on the basis of studies of chitinase ... kinetic parameters of Y10F could not be measured at pH 9.0 due to enzyme instability At pH 8.0 Y10F showed a kcat of 0.55 and Km of 47.2 (compared to a kcat of 3.5 and a Km of 24.9 in the wildtype ... formed and broken) Thus, the calculated effect of rotation of Asp142 on the pKa of Glu144 only gives an indication of what may happen to the acidity of Glu144 Although this calculated effect is...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 14:20

... and global levels Globally, 69 percent of all cereal area is rainfed, including 40 percent of rice, 66 percent of wheat, 82 percent of maize and 86 percent of other coarse grains Worldwide, rainfed ... runoff These methods are often used for medium water demanding crops such as maize, sorghum, millet and groundnuts (Habitu and Mahoo 1999) Rooftop runoff collection involves the collection of ... order to hold the runoff in the cultivated area Maize, sugarcane and vegetables are often grown using hillside sheet or rill runoff systems One of the predominant characteristics of external catchments...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 00:20