qualitative versus quantitative methods in psychiatric research

... that these variables are con-tinuous However, as will become apparent in the next section and in subse-quent chapters, many interesting marketing variables are not continuous but discrete (for example, ... extend those in chapter 4 Examples in the marketing research literature of applications of these models can be found in Guadagni and Little (1983), Chintagunta et al (1991), Go¨nu¨l and Srinivasan ... salient features Finally, we indicate that we limit our focus in at least two directions, the first concerning other types of data, the other concerning the models themselves 2.1 Quantitative models...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 05:20

... biological and chemical research carried out in the Agency's laboratories in Lyon and, through collaborative research agree- ments, in national research institutions in many countries The Agency ... for the views expressed in the signed articles in this publication REPRINTED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM Trang 3N.E Breslow & N E Day (1980) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research Volume I - The ... provide the only definitive information as t o the degree of risk i n man Since malignant diseases are clearly of multifactorial origin, their investigation in m a n has become increasingly complex,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 17:20

... processing of other cytokines and cytokine receptors [32-35] Interestingly, PTPH1 is known to inhibit TACE expression and activity in vitro [36] We therefore analyzed cytokines plasma levels in carrageenan-treated ... Journal of Inflammation 2010, 7:16 http://www.journal-inflammation.com/content/7/1/16 and activates both MyD88-dependent and independent (TRIF-dependent-TIR-domain-containing adapterinducing interferon-β) ... ccl2 gene expression [66,67], activating NFκBinducing kinases, including IκB kinases (IKK) IKKs promote NFκB heterodimers translocation into the nucleus, leading to the transcription of targeted...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... fir zone with increasing elevation − about m in height with every 100 m increase in elevation and 1.4 m in height with every 1° in latitude [35] − it is logical to expect a decline in radial growth ... to tree line (over 900 m) Considering this elevation range and the decline in subalpine fir site index (tree height (m) @ 50 years (breast height age)) in the Engelmann spruce – subalpine fir ... developed [9], relationships between subalpine fir site index and primary site factors were examined [4], and the decline in subalpine fir site index with increased elevation and latitude was quantified...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21

... data, using eight “fit” indices We also examined the psychometric characteristics of the BDI-II Our results were broadly in support of the majority findings in the literature, indicating that ... the best fit indices, indicating the robustness of this model within samples of students across cultures The loadings on the general factor of the bifactor model provide some insight into the nature ... [60], the clinical implication is that the symptom domains interact synergistically to give rise to the heterogeneous expression of clinical depression Finally, we have replicated the finding that...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:22

... having sufficient power are therefore extremely important in minimizing the in uence of confounding factors arising from inherent problems associated with breeding APP transgenic mice and maintaining ... time-consuming and greatly in uenced by individual handlers IntelliCages are automated learning cages where animals carrying transponders are housed in groups and trained in learning corners Each individual ... the N-terminus of the Ab domain in APP It was identified in 1992 [47] and shown to increase Ab levels by six- to eightfold [4] These discoveries created intense interest in APP processing and paved...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... creating a lot of uncertainty and distress when interpreting signs and symptoms for the individuals at risk [11,12] In addition, information of being at risk of a possible life-threatening cardiac ... which indicates that avoidance includes more than being an adaptive coping response Thus, the current findings suggest that avoidance may be part of a psychological process highly influential in ... significant contributions to the final models In line with research of anxiety and gender, male gender was associated to less anxiety [34] Not surprisingly, increasing age and clinical Hamang et al Health...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... from local effects in the injected joint, it is becoming increasingly clear that local treatment also affects arthritis in nearby joints This is an intriguing and general finding, which may expand ... of proinflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing their circulating levels and abolishing a sensitizing effect on naïve joints A conflicting finding was the protection of the ipsilateral hind paw ... discriminate cytokine targeting and cell targeting as the two main gene therapeutic approaches to arthritis In cytokine targeting, the objective is to restore the (local) cytokine balance in arthritis...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

... developed using diaminobenzidine (brown) and counter stained with hematoxylin (blue) Very weak staining of FGF8 was observed in a few synovial cells, but not in other tissues in normal knee joints (d) ... administration of anti-FGF8 antibody significantly inhibited the increase in S-GAG in the joint by 42% (P = 0.0188; Figure 6) Discussion The present study provides new and interesting findings ... administered by intraperitoneal injection (20 mg/kg) hour before the injection of MIA For the vehicle group, sterile saline was administered intraperitoneally instead of the antibody solution In...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:23

... identified TNF/IL-1 involvement In 1991, Kollias and coworkers provided insight into the possible role of TNF in arthritis induction in an elegant series of experiments By introducing into mice a modified ... detail In general, TNF is a major mediator in the early stages of joint inflammation in every experimental arthritis model Although IL-1 is not a dominant early inflammatory cytokine in all models, ... breakdown Intriguingly, cartilage erosion was not only diminished in AIA in these mice, but cartilage repair was stimulated following inflammation [75] This makes ADAMTS5 a promising target in RA,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... i and y are introduced This model has the general form: a with It should be noted that the range of maximization of o, bi is from minus infinity to infinity rather than to infinity in order to ... underlying trait can be calculated separately For Meyer’s example an underlying uncorrelated model converged in 50 iterations The difference in log L was 0.94 suggesting that an underlying independent ... deserves further investigation If, after fitting this underlying model, there is interest in getting some information on covariances between the underlying traits but full p trait evaluation is...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... a somatic/information processing factor including psychomotor disturbance, irritability, and thinking/decision-making difficulties Under this model these factors can be viewed as distinct yet ... self-report data were included in our cross-sectional analysis of the baseline phase of an ongoing longitudinal study Longitudinal data are essential to further examine stability in the general and ... test of fit with dichotomous or ordinal observed variables In all models individuals with partially missing item level data were included, since estimation of missing data patterns is possible under...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:21

... before testing the instruments with patients suffering from depression Three experts were invited for an informal panel discussion of the instrument, and reviewing the individual items in depth ... Being involved in talk therapy (psychotherapy) a One in 1000 c Staying sober b One in 50 d Stopping antidepressant medications if feeling well c One in d One in Which of the following is TRUE about ... practice Future research should include larger, more heterogeneous samples from various community clinics Also the instrument contains some very easy items leading to poor discriminating power for...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... treatment (BMC) reported injecting heroin in the past 30 days Almost three quarters of the sample reported injecting heroin at their most recent injection (74.6%) or injecting with others all or ... the interviews, and writing the manuscript KB participated in developing the study design, helping to create the study instruments, performing data analyses, conducting the interviews, and writing ... lacking confidence in or being unsure of their ability to help in an overdose situation They expressed interest in receiving information about overdose prevention (76.3%) or train- ing on how to respond...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20