proteins metallothioneins and multixenobiotic resistance

... used to identify andclone resistance genes from fungal pathogens such as Candida and Aspergillus species For example, the Candida genes CDR1 and CDR2, implicated in clinical azole resistance, were ... cassette (ABC) proteins (Bauer et al., 1999; Decottignies and Goffeau, 1997; Taglicht and Michaelis, 1998) Expression of sev-eral yeast ABC proteins is linked to, or causes, pleiotropic drug resistance ... particu-clinical antifungal resistance (Table 15.1) To date, four Candida ABC transporters implicated in clinical drug resistance have been identified The CDR1 and CDR2 genes from Candida albi-cans (Prasad

Ngày tải lên: 29/12/2017, 16:36

... of BMP-4 and BMP-5 in the synovial tissue of chronic joint diseases Both proteins have a fundamental role in embryogenesis and in the induction of cartilage and bone [13,14] Genetic and expres-sion ... that BMP-4 and BMP-5 expression is related to the synovial lining layer in ND and more to the sublining layer in RA and OA patients (Figures 4 and 5) Figure 2 Expression of BMP-4 and BMP-5 in ... similar distri-bution and predominant expression of different BMPs in fibroblastoid and macrophagocytic cells was also shown by Lories and colleagues [18] and van Lent and colleagues [26] That

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... that durable resistance to TA is associated with a major and complex reprogramming of gene expression implicating processes such as cell wall synthesis and modification, lignin and flavonoid ... cultures habitu-ated to water and salt stresses presented modified cell walls with a decrease in cellulose content with increases in hemicellulose and proteins and a general reorganiza-tion of ... three years Remarkably, these cells also exhibited enhanced resistance to two other inhibitors of cellulose synthesis, IXB and DCB, and this resistance has been sustained for more than three years

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... thaliana proteins with cyanobacterial chaperonin 60 proteins (Figure 2) Of these, two proteins, including At2g28000, were grouped as ptCpn60α (we named them ptCpn60α1 and ptCpn60α2), and four proteins, ... types of cyanobacterial chap-eronin 60 proteins, GroEL-1 and GroEL-2, and that only one group, GroEL-1, gave rise to ptCpn60α and ptCpn60β in land plants and green algae (Figure 2) Next, we compared ... mitochon-dria and plastids The structure and mechanisms of chap-Expression and localization of ptCpn60β and FtsZ in plastid cpn60 mutants Figure 4 Expression and localization of ptCpn60β and FtsZ

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... sutured and mice were allowed to recover with free access to food and water Collagen content measurements Wild-type mice and cath K tg mice were either instilled saline or 0.025 U of bleomycin and ... histopathology and degree of lung fibrosisWild-type mice and cath K tg mice were either mock-treated with saline or received 0.025 U of bleomycin and were then euthanized at various time points (1, 2, 3 and ... cathepsin K mRNA and protein levels in lysates of resident alveolar macrophages and lung homogenates revealed 9.3-fold and 6.4-fold upregulated cathepsin K mRNA levels in alveolar macrophages and lung

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... management, parity, and test-day milk yield, and interaction terms; WIM by management system (P = 0.01) and lnWIM by Garmo et al Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2010, 52:11 http://www.actavetscand.com/content/52/1/11 ... cows in conventional and organic farming with respect to reproductive performance, udder health, and antibiotic resistance in udder pathogens Methods: Twenty-five conventional and 24 organic herds ... conventionally and organically with respect to reproductive performance, udder health, and resistance against penicillin in udder pathogens Methods Sampling of herds The conventional and organic

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... acquisition of the K65R and K65R/M184V muta-tions are also valid in HIV-1 subtype C RT The same TFV resistance mechanisms exist in both subtypes B and C, and both impaired discrimination and excision determine ... specific activity and TFV susceptibility of recombinant subtype C and B HIV-1 RTsFigure 1 Purification, determination of specific activity and TFV susceptibility of recombinant subtype C and B HIV-1 ... and mutant enzymes Reactions were performed using 1 μM dNTPs, and ddATP was employed in place of dATP to give rise to a six-nucle-otide initiation product ddATP-terminated +6 product and +3 and

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21

... showed a higher frequency of haplotypes 6A12, 1A10and 6A-1A, and a lower frequency of the major SFTPA1aa19-T and aa219-C alleles and of haplotypes 6A3and 6A3-1A1(see Table 4) Similar results were ... observed after Bonferroni corrections 1A10and 6A-1A were associated with higher 28-day and 90-day mortality, and with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome ... of MODS and ARDS Conclusions: Our study indicates that missense single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes of SFTPA1, SFTPA2 and SFTPD are associated with susceptibility to CAP, and that

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:21

... and future work 107 Chapter 6 Materials and methods 110 6.1 Cell lines and constructs 112 6.1.1 HCT116 and E1 cell lines 112 6.1.2 Preparation of whole cell lysate 112 6.1.3 STMN1 KD and ... than 140 thousand people in the United States alone are expected to develop CRC, and the estimated deaths from CRC and metastatic complications are projected to exceed 50 thousand CRC is thus ... of benefits and potential side effects associated with STMN1 targeting, (F) To establish a link, if any, between STMN1 phosphorylation and metastatic phenotype, and (G) To understand how STMN1

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:25

... bond coupling between 1 HN and 15N and the one and two bond coupling between 15N and 13Cα and 13Cβ in one residue and also records the coupling across 13C to the 13Cα and 13Cβ in the preceding ... from the Cα, Cβ and CO nuclei with an output of +1 for beta-strand, 0 for random coil and HNCACB and CBCACONH correlation Magnetization is transferred Cα and 13Cβ, respectively, and then from ... protons and neutrons (e.g 12C, 16O, 32S) have I = 0 and has no overall spin as their spins are paired and cancel each other Isotopes with odd number of protons and/or of neutrons (1H, 13C and 15N)

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 18:57

... Fall, Marcel den Hoed, Katherine Kasiman, Stefan Gustafsson, Andrea Ganna, Ci Song and Manoj Bandaru, for making the group lovely and warm and for the scientific interactions as well as fun activities ... for insulin resistance by gender and ethnicity in Study I Table 2 Associations between ethnicity and the HOMA-index of insulin resistance based on linear regression analysis with and without ... oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses [56] Increased ROS levels and excessive oxidative stress trigger insulin resistance, impair glucose tolerance and β-cell function, and accelerate the

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:05

... vehicle hydroplaning and skid resistance using a numerical simulation model This will enable researchers and pavement engineers to better understand the mechanism of skid resistance and hydroplaning ... of hydroplaning and skid resistance, the objective and the scope of research  Chapter 2 reviews the existing literature on the mechanism of skid resistance and hydroplaning, and the different ... research and provides recommendations and directions for further research Trang 22hydroplaning and skid resistance on highway pavements At first, the mechanisms of skid resistance and hydroplaning

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:51

... Levels of cytochrome c and Smac in the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions were then assayed by western blotting Trang 10pre-LY30 and TRAIL combined treatment induces, and is dependent on, caspase ... combined treatment of TRAIL and LY30 was blocked by zVAD-fmk at 12h (Figure 18A, B and C) Moreover, specific inhibitors for caspase-3 and -8 activity (z-DEVD-fmk and z-IETD-fmk, respectively) ... incubated with TMRE and Trang 8LY30 and TRAIL treatment engages the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway The release of apoptogenic factors like cytochrome c or Smac/DIABLO (cyt c and Smac) from the

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:15

... three dimensions and thus have three sides (a, b and c) with three angles between each of the Trang 38combinations of two sides (α between b and c, β between a and c and γ between a and b) Based ... the N-terminal β-strand Trang 24 Figure 1.5 The asymmetric unit contains two monomers (cyan and brown) and a domain-swapped dimer (orange and magenta) Trang 25springs open and releases the strain ... monomer DT and thereby forms an open monomer The interdomain interface between the R domain and C domain is charged: (1) nine basic and three acidic residues on the R domain interface surface and (2)

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:12

... activated form suppresses pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bad, pro-caspase 9 and DAP-3, and stimulates survival proteins [11] Apoptosis is also triggered by DNA damage and genomic instability These injuries ... stability and translation of proteins involved in cell cycle entry through GSK3, TSC2 and PRAS40 Akt also promotes cell survival through negative regulation of proapoptotic proteins such as BAD and ... potential, sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion and metastasis [1] These traits are acquired through genetic and epigenetic changes in the cancer cells and further supported by normal neighbouring

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:37

... receptor and family members 14 1.3.4 The myelin-associated inhibitor (MAI) Ligands: MAG, Nogo and OMgp 17 1.3.5 The coreceptors of NgR1: p75NTR and TROY/TAJ 18 1.3.6 The NgR1 coreceptor LINGO-1 and ... solenoid-type motifs present in a number of proteins with diverse functions and cellular locations (Kobe and Deisenhofer, 1994; Buchanan and Gay 1996; Kajava, 1998; Kobe and Kajava, 2001) The LRRs are generally ... LRR and Ig-like domain and/or FN-III domain containing proteins together with a number other brain-enriched LRR-containing proteins (such as OMgp, the Nogo-66 receptor paralogues NgR1, NgR2 and

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2015, 17:08

... Janus kinase (Jak-1) and tyrosine kinase (Tyk-2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1 and STAT2) proteins The Jak1 and Tyk-2 phosphorylate the STAT proteins which either ... tyrosine kinase (TYK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1 and STAT2) proteins The JAKs phosphorylate STAT proteins that either homo-or heterodimerize and translocate to the ... of Stat and Stat proteins between sensitive and resistant cells Interferon treatment leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat and Stat protein followed by heterodimerization of Stat1 and Stat...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... encodes two closely related proteins of the CorA superfamily, Alr1p and Oligomerization of Alr1p and Alr2p Alr2p Overall sequence identity of these two proteins is 69% and exceeds 90% in the C-terminal ... Oligomerization of Alr1p and Alr2p Fig Alignment of transmembrane parts of CorA-related proteins and mutational alterations Alr1p, and Alr2p The TM domain sequences and flanking sequences shown ... transformed with YCpALR1-myc and YEp351-HA (lane 1), YCpALR1-myc and YEpALR2-HA (lane 2), and YCp211-myc and YEpALR2-HA (lane 3) Total cell extracts were prepared, and equal amounts of protein...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... written by KRS and MP, with input from HS and ND The search strategy was written by LAK HS and KRS will review articles for relevance, and extract and analyse data HS, MP, ND, CCB, and KRS will ... physical unit and uses the same sputum sample to provide results for both detection of M tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance One cannot switch rifampicin resistance testing off and only TB testing, ... been symptomatic for months, leading to increased illness and mortality, secondary drug resistance, and ongoing transmission Simple and rapid diagnostic tests at the point of treatment in high-TB...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:20

... by Six1 and a strong repression by Six4 in a dose-dependent manner 3027 Target genes of Six1 and Six4 Z-i Ando et al Table A partial list of potential target genes regulated by Six1 and ⁄ or ... primer in the presence of aminoallyl dUTP and single-stranded cDNAs were coupled with Cy3 (VP16–Six1wt and VP16–Six4wt infected samples) or Cy5 (VP16–Six1W171R and VP16–Six4W263R samples) dyes Hybridization ... promoter by Six1 and Six4 (B) Regulation of Clcn5 promoter by Six1 and Six4 (C) Trans-activation of Slc12a2 promoter by Six1 and Six4 (D) Transactivation of myogenin promoter by Six1 and Six4 (E)...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20