programming in c functions examples

... control transfers back to calling function  automatically Trang 15Default Function called – Memory set aside and value copied into new  memory location – Calculations done inside function using value ... Function declaration (prototype) Indicates function exists and describes it Must be done before use of function – Function call (invocation) Causes control to transfer from function to function – Function definition ... srand ( ) automatically "seeds" function rand ( )  – Functions linked through global variable Trang 30Define and call functions Determine the scope of a variablePass values by reference Overload functions

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 01:21

... Destructor Function CallsBoth base and derived constructors called when derived class object instantiated Bass class constructor called first, derived constructor second Derived class destructor called first, base class destructor second Order in which objects declared determines order of constructor calls ... 8Use only derived object name to access both derived and base class functions Derived class takes precedence – over­riding base class function Lesson 15.1 Trang 9Component class objectComposite Class Object Derived class ... – Object of base class is automatically created  and contained within derived class object Lesson 15.1 Trang 6Derived class members convey no special access privileges to base class functions

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 01:59

... were creating an application to look after bank accounts we could create a class to hold account information: public class Account{ private decimal balance ; private string name ; public string ... (which is independent of any particular computer hardware) into machine code instructions that the computer processor can actually execute This compilation process is called Just In Time compilation ... 119 Connecting to a Database 119 Using LINQ to connect Databases to Objects 120 6.2 Creating Data Relationships with LINQ 129 LINQ Associations 130 LINQ Queries and Joining 135 Joining two

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 22:21

... (if (= col maxp) tch (append (append tch (calcLine ch (+ col 1) line maxp)) tch)) ) ) (defun calcLines (line maxp) (let* ((ch (+ line (char-int #\A))) (l (append (calcLine ch 0 line maxp) ... in the much newer language Haskell: calcLine :: Int - > Int - > Int - > Int - > String calcLine ch col line maxp = let tch = if maxp - line == col then [chr ch] else “.” in if col ... an instance fi eld exists once per instance Class methods can access information in class fi elds only, whereas instance methods can access information in the instance fi elds of their own instance

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:01

... erasing, searching, and replacing are available 䊐 Initializing Strings A string, that is, an object belonging to the string class, can be initialized when you define it using ■ a predefined string ... methods of string manipulation.These include inserting and erasing, searching and replacing, comparing, and concatenating strings. Trang 6154 C H A P T E R 9 T H E S T A N D A R D C L A S S S T ... (int)v_float: -1 Exercise 4 // -// sinCurve.cpp // Outputs a sine curve // -#include <iostream> #include <cmath> // Prototypes of sin() using namespace std; #define CLS (cout

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... string4.cpp // The program counts words and white space characters. // (A word is the maximum sequence of characters // containing no white space characters.) // -#include <iostream> #include ... checks You can also use the at()method to access a single character In contrast to the subscript operator, the at()method performs range checking If an invalid index is found an exception occurs ... on a string containing // the present time #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <ctime> // For time(), ctime(), using namespace std; int main() { long sec; time(

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... global functions Chapter 13, Defining Classes, describes the steps for defining member functions 䊐 Definition Functions can be defined in any order, however, the first function is normally main This ... of inheritance to create specialized classes without needing to change any existing classes When implementing a class you must define the capacities of those objects, that is, the member functions, ... morning! Trang 31 7 1Functions This chapter describes how to write functions of your own Besides the basic rules, the following topics are discussed: ■ passing arguments ■ definition of inlinefunctions

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... nd Call func(); void func() func(); { } // 1st Call // 2nd Call func(); inline void func() func(); { } Copy The executable file only contains one instance of the function’s machine code ✓ HINT ... The machine code of the function is stored in the executable file wherever the function is called ✓ HINT ■ INLINE FUNCTIONS Call to a function not defined as inline Call to an inline function ... sense to define inlinefunctions in header files, in contrast to “normal” functions This means the function will be available in several source files 䊐 Inline Functions and Macros Inline functions

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... scopeblock scope program scope Function Module 1 Module 2 file scope block scope Function block scope Function ■ STORAGE CLASSES OF OBJECTS 䊐 Availability of Objects C++ program 䊐 Storage Class Specifiers ... "And once more with characters!"<< endl; cout << "Enter two characters:" << endl; char c1, c2; if( cin >> c1 && cin >> c2) { cout << ... overloading no clear conversion will be possible #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; inline double Max(double x, double y) { return (x < y ? y : x); } inline char

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... left the code block ■ file scope The object can be used within a single module Only the functions within this module can reference the object Other modules cannot access the object directly ■ program ... namespace std; void cutline( void ); // Prototype string line; // Global string int main() { while( getline(cin, line)) // As long as a line { // can be read cutline(); // Shorten the line cout ... line << endl; // Output the line } return 0; } // Cutline2.cpp // Containing the function cutline(), which removes // tabulator characters at the end of the string line // The string line

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... usingdirectives can occur at any part of the program Ausingdeclaration makes an identifier from a namespace visible in the current scope Example: using myLib::calculate; // Declaration You can ... namespace is also imported If identical identifiers occur in the current namespace and an imported namespace, theusingdirective does not automatically result in a conflict However, referencing an ... E C L A S S E S A N D N A M E S P A C E S // scope.cpp // Accessing objects with equal names // -#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; int var = 0; namespace

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... while( cin.get() != '\n') ; } inline char getYesOrNo() // Read character Y or N { char c = 0; cin.sync(); cin.clear(); // Just new input do { cin.get(c); c = toupper(c); // Permitting lower case ... Menu cin.get(choice); choice = toupper(choice); cls(); cout << header << endl; // Header switch( choice) { case 'B': // Booking if( !getPassword() ) { cout << "Access denied!" ... // Inline functions: inline void cls() { cout << "\033[2J"; } inline void go_on() { cout << "\n\nGo on with return! "; cin.sync(); cin.clear(); // Only new input

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... -// circle.cpp // Defines and calls the function circle() // -#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <string> using namespace std; // Prototype of circle(): void circle( ... value occurs, i.e., the function manipulates a local copy Thus, only a local copy of the string is changed in the function, but the string in the calling function remains unchanged Exercise 2 ... used to indicate an error For pointers, the symbolic constant NULL is defined as 0 in standard header files A pointer containing the value NULL is also called NULL pointer Trang 5䊐 Using Pointers

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... d) interact with the operating system Which of the following is a correct statement to declare the class “MyClass”? a) Class myclass c) class MyClass b) class Myclass d) Class MyClass Which of ... class Object{ static void main(){} public static Main(){} } } e) class Object{ b) class Object{ static void Main(){}; static void Main(){} } } c) Class Object{ static void Main(){} } Which of the ... program cannot compile because the for statement’s syntax is incorrect using System; class Test { static void Main() { int @Main; int[] Static= new int[3]; @Main =100*Static[1]; Console.WriteLine(@Main);...

Ngày tải lên: 21/08/2012, 15:55

... clntSocket); /* Error handling function */ /* TCP client handling function */ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int servSock; int clntSock; struct sockaddr _in echoServAddr; struct sockaddr _in echoClntAddr; ... gets a socket for an incoming client connection by calling accept () int accept(int socket, struct sockaddr *clientAddress, unsigned int *addressLength) accept() dequeues the next connection on ... new socket for each client connection Communicate with the client via that new socket using send() and recv() Close the client connection using close() Creating the socket, sending, receiving,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2012, 14:45

... [1.0] “MyClass” a) Class myclass b) class Myclass 38 c) class MyClass d) Class MyClass Which of the following is a valid variable in C# ? a) c) _Class b) 39 Class Class d) @class Basic input and ... Which of the following are correct statements for implementing an abstract class a) public abstract void class ClassA [1.0] c) abstract public ClassA b) public abstract class ClassA 105 Which ... Static constructors can be take parameters called explicitly or implicitly b) Static constructors can have e) Static constructors are called accessibility modifiers when the class is loaded c) ...

Ngày tải lên: 09/04/2013, 09:10

... connect"); close(fd); continue; } } 23 Accepting Connections #include #include int connfd; struct sockaddr _in cliaddr; socklen_t cliaddrlen = sizeof(cliaddr); connfd ... (cliaddr) 24 Accepting Connections • A TCP/IP server may have multiple connections outstanding • • • Can accept() connections one at a time, handling each request in series Can accept() connections ... either struct sockaddr _in or • Cast it to a struct sockaddr before calling the socket routines struct sockaddr _in6 struct sockaddr _in addr; // Fill in addr here if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:57

... header files ❑ xlC (IBM) Compiling and Linking (UNIX) ❑ g++ (GNU, egcs) CC -c main.cc CC -o prog main.cc sum.cc -lm ❑ KCC (KAI) ❑ Compiler /Programming Environments Typical Compiler Options (UNIX) ... to C+ + Page 61 Inline Functions The aim of inline functions is to reduce the usual overhead associated with a function call The effect is to substitute inline each occurrence of the function call ... http://www.fz-juelich.de/zam/cxx/ ➠ Parallel Programming with C+ + ➠ Forschungszentrum Jülich Local C+ + Information ❑ Official C+ + On-line FAQ http://www.cerfnet.com/~mpcline /C+ +-FAQs-Lite/ Programming in C+ +  Dr...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 08:15

... m_socListener.Bind( ipLocal ); //start listening m_socListener.Listen (4); // create the call back for any client connections m_socListener.BeginAccept(new AsyncCallback ( OnClientConnect ),null); cmdListen.Enabled ... EndAccept The EndAccept returns a socket object which represents the incoming connection Here is the code for the callback delegate: public void OnClientConnect(IAsyncResult asyn) { try { m_socWorker ... callback BeginAccept is a non-blocking method that returns immediately and when a client has made requested a connection, the callback routine is called and you can accept the connection by calling...

Ngày tải lên: 18/01/2014, 08:20

... specify the following settings for the project, and then click OK: a In the Installed Templates list, under Visual C# , click Windows b In the center pane, click Console Application Introducing ... Module 12: Using Collections and Building Generic Types Lesson 1: Using Collections Lab A: Using Collections Lesson 2: Creating and Using Generic Types Lesson 3: Defining Generic Interfaces and Understanding ... assemblies in the GAC This can include installing and uninstalling assemblies in the GAC so that multiple applications can access them Introducing C# and the NET Framework Tool 1-15 Description...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 19:37