programming in c book by balaguruswamy

... program counter In both cases, two cycles are required for instruction execution, while the second cycle is executed as an NOP (No Operation) Single-cycle instructions consist of four clock cycles ... more complicated in practice HOW DOES THE TIMER OPERATE? In practice, pulses generated by the quartz oscillator are once per each machine cycle, directly or via a prescaler, brought to the circuit ... computers use 8-digit binary numbers By chance? BCD CODE BCD code is a binary code for decimal numbers only (Binary-Coded Decimal) It is used to enable electronic circuits to communicate either with

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2022, 14:31

... the new sockets The server gets a socket for an incoming client connection by calling accept () int accept(int socket, struct sockaddr *clientAddress, unsigned int *addressLength) accept() dequeues ... new socket using send() and r ecv ( ) 9 Close the client connection using c l o s e ( ) Creating the socket, sending, receiving, and closing are the same as in the client The differences in the ... s t r u c t sockaddr_in) When connect () returns successfully, the socket is connected and c o m m u n i c a t i o n can proceed with calls to send() and recv() int send(int socket, c o n s t

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2012, 14:45

... = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype, ai->ai_protocol); Trang 24Accepting Connections#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> int connfd; struct sockaddr_in cliaddr; ... give structure to the address struct in_addr { in_addr_t s_addr; }; struct sockaddr_in { uint8_t sin_len; sa_family_t sin_family; in_port_t sin_port; struct in_addr sin_addr; char sin_pad[16];}; ... structure to the address struct in6_addr { uint8_t s6_addr[16];}; struct sockaddr_in6 { uint8_t sin6_len; sa_family_t sin6_family; in_port_t sin6_port; uint32_t sin6_flowinfo; struct in6_addr

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:57

... the contact that detects the input point A capacitive touch screen works in a different way An array of conductors underneath the screen surface detects the change in capacitance caused by the ... were creating an application to look after bank accounts we could create a class to hold account information: public class Account { private decimal balance ; private string name ; public string ... you install the framework you get a command line compiler which can take C# source files and convert them into executable ones using console commands such as: csc MyProg.cs This command will compile

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:20

... use AF_INET in your struct sockaddr_in and PF_INET in your call to socket() But practically speaking, you can useAF_INET everywhere And, since that’s what W Richard Stevens does in his book, that’s ... bind() system call:#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> int bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *my_addr, int addrlen); sockfd is the socket file descriptor returned by socket() ... will be connecting to int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int sockfd; struct sockaddr_in their_addr; // connector’s address information struct hostent *he; Trang 29their_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 13:41

... were creating an application to look after bank accounts we could create a class to hold account information: public class Account{ private decimal balance ; private string name ; public string ... (which is independent of any particular computer hardware) into machine code instructions that the computer processor can actually execute This compilation process is called Just In Time compilation ... 119 Connecting to a Database 119 Using LINQ to connect Databases to Objects 120 6.2 Creating Data Relationships with LINQ 129 LINQ Associations 130 LINQ Queries and Joining 135 Joining two

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 22:21

... (if (= col maxp) tch (append (append tch (calcLine ch (+ col 1) line maxp)) tch)) ) ) (defun calcLines (line maxp) (let* ((ch (+ line (char-int #\A))) (l (append (calcLine ch 0 line maxp) ... in the much newer language Haskell: calcLine :: Int - > Int - > Int - > Int - > String calcLine ch col line maxp = let tch = if maxp - line == col then [chr ch] else “.” in if col ... can access information in the instance fi elds of their own instance Instance methods can also access class fi elds, and if they have references to other instances, they can also access instance

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 16:01

... erasing, searching, and replacing are available 䊐 Initializing Strings A string, that is, an object belonging to the string class, can be initialized when you define it using ■ a predefined string ... methods of string manipulation.These include inserting and erasing, searching and replacing, comparing, and concatenating strings. Trang 6154 C H A P T E R 9 T H E S T A N D A R D C L A S S S T ... (int)v_float: -1 Exercise 4 // -// sinCurve.cpp // Outputs a sine curve // -#include <iostream> #include <cmath> // Prototypes of sin() using namespace std; #define CLS (cout

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... string4.cpp // The program counts words and white space characters. // (A word is the maximum sequence of characters // containing no white space characters.) // -#include <iostream> #include ... checks You can also use the at()method to access a single character In contrast to the subscript operator, the at()method performs range checking If an invalid index is found an exception occurs ... on a string containing // the present time #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <ctime> // For time(), ctime(), using namespace std; int main() { long sec; time(

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... of inheritance to create specialized classes without needing to change any existing classes When implementing a class you must define the capacities of those objects, that is, the member functions, ... global functions Chapter 13, Defining Classes, describes the steps for defining member functions 䊐 Definition Functions can be defined in any order, however, the first function is normally main This ... 169Exercise 2 // -// palindrome.cpp: Reads and compares lines of text // -#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; string header = " * * * Testing palindromes

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... only contains one instance of the function’s machine code ✓ HINT The machine code of the function is stored in the executable file wherever the function is called ✓ HINT ■ INLINE FUNCTIONS Call ... two instructions If an inline function contains too many instructions, the compiler may ignore the inlinekeyword and issue a warning Aninlinefunction must be defined in the source file in which ... Trang 2180 C H A P T E R 1 0 F U N C T I O N SBranching // 1 st Call // 2 nd Call func(); void func() func(); { } // 1st Call // 2nd Call func(); inline void func() func(); { } Copy The executable

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... scopeblock scope program scope Function Module 1 Module 2 file scope block scope Function block scope Function ■ STORAGE CLASSES OF OBJECTS 䊐 Availability of Objects C++ program 䊐 Storage Class Specifiers ... "And once more with characters!"<< endl; cout << "Enter two characters:" << endl; char c1, c2; if( cin >> c1 && cin >> c2) { cout << ... overloading no clear conversion will be possible #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; inline double Max(double x, double y) { return (x < y ? y : x); } inline char

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... namespace std; void cutline( void ); // Prototype string line; // Global string int main() { while( getline(cin, line)) // As long as a line { // can be read cutline(); // Shorten the line cout ... line << endl; // Output the line } return 0; } // Cutline2.cpp // Containing the function cutline(), which removes // tabulator characters at the end of the string line // The string line ... string is // reached or when a character that cannot be converted is // reached // -#include <string> // Type string #include <cctype> // isspace() and isdigit() using namespace

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... usingdirectives can occur at any part of the program Ausingdeclaration makes an identifier from a namespace visible in the current scope Example: using myLib::calculate; // Declaration You can ... namespace is also imported If identical identifiers occur in the current namespace and an imported namespace, theusingdirective does not automatically result in a conflict However, referencing an ... E C L A S S E S A N D N A M E S P A C E S // scope.cpp // Accessing objects with equal names // -#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; int var = 0; namespace

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... while( cin.get() != '\n') ; } inline char getYesOrNo() // Read character Y or N { char c = 0; cin.sync(); cin.clear(); // Just new input do { cin.get(c); c = toupper(c); // Permitting lower case ... Menu cin.get(choice); choice = toupper(choice); cls(); cout << header << endl; // Header switch( choice) { case 'B': // Booking if( !getPassword() ) { cout << "Access denied!" ... reference type exemplified by // string assignments // -#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cctype> // For toupper() using namespace std; int main() { string text("Test

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... -// circle.cpp // Defines and calls the function circle() // -#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <string> using namespace std; // Prototype of circle(): void circle( ... value occurs, i.e., the function manipulates a local copy Thus, only a local copy of the string is changed in the function, but the string in the calling function remains unchanged Exercise 2 ... to Access ObjectsThe indirection operator *is used to access an object referenced by a pointer: Given a pointer, ptr,*ptris the object referenced by ptr As a programmer, you must always distinguish

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... public: // Public data members and methods here }; // account.h // Defining the class Account // -#ifndef _ACCOUNT_ // Avoid multiple inclusions #define _ACCOUNT_ #include <iostream> #include ... #include <string> using namespace std; class Account { string name; // Account holder unsigned long nr; // Account number double balance; // Account balance bool init( const string&, unsigned ... so-called public interface of the class. The opposite page shows a schematic definition of a class The privatesection gen-erally contains data members and the publicsection contains the access

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... when the object is accessed. c) A static constructor can have public as a accessibility modifiers 74. class A { public static int X = B.Y + 1; } class B { public static int Y = A.X ... explicitly or implicitly. b) Static constructors can have accessibility modifiers. e) Static constructors are called when the class is loaded. c) Static constructors cannot be called ... error. c) Incompatible type for ’=’ can’t convert SubClass to SuperClass. b) No constructor matching SuperClass() found in class SuperClass d) Wrong number of arguments in constructor....

Ngày tải lên: 21/08/2012, 15:55

... is called automatically when the object is accessed. c) A static constructor can have public as a accessibility modifiers 74. class A { public static int X = B.Y + 1; } class B { public static ... value c) get b) set d) find 100. public class A:B ,C, D{ } The above code represents ______ [0.5] a) multilevel interface c) multiple interface b) hierarchical interface d) multiple inheritance 101. ... False 25. Access Modifiers for variables in C# can be the following (Select all that apply) [1.0] a) Public c) Private b) Protected d) Public protected 26. In C# , an underscore is allowed as an initial...

Ngày tải lên: 09/04/2013, 09:10

... Fortran Boolean (int) boolean logical Character char, wchar_t char character(n) Integer short int integer integer int long int FloatingPoint float real real double Complex ❖ (in C9 9) ❖ complex ❑ Size ... function definitions included in class definitions are automatically inline! ❑ re and im: declared by and belong to calling object (c1 above) ❑ Note: constructor not called for cp! ➠ How about constructors ... with C+ + ➠ Forschungszentrum Jülich Local C+ + Information ❑ Official C+ + On-line FAQ http://www.cerfnet.com/~mpcline /C+ +-FAQs-Lite/ Programming in C+ +  Dr. Bernd Mohr, FZ Jülich, ZAM Page 12 Introduction...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 08:15