programming in ansi c by e balagurusamy ppt

... characters terminated by a special string marker called the null character The null character, represented by theescape sequence \ 0, is the sentinel marking the end of the string For example,Figure ... and the increment operator, ++, have thesame precedence These operators associate from left to right, so the characterpointed to is accessed before the pointer is incremented Only after completion ... string, the resulting statements are both more compact and more efficient In this section we describe the equivalence between subscripts and pointers when accessing individual characters in a

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 09:22

... not done The methodDefinitions part of the @implementation section contains the code for each method specified in the @interface section Similar to the @interface section, each method’s definition ... it gets its own distinct set of instance variables Figure 3.2 depicts this Based on which object is getting sent the message, the correct instance variables are referenced.Therefore, here frac1’s ... name ends with a colon, which tells the Objective-C compiler that the method expects to see an argument Next, the type of the argument is specified, enclosed in a set of parentheses, in much the

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:22

... more characters in myStrwere changed after invok-ingsetStr Changes to the string referenced by myStrwould also affect the string refer-enced by the instance variable because they reference the ... technique called reference counting.The concept is as follows:When an object is created, its reference count is set to1 Each time you need to ensure that the object be kept around, you incrementits ... previously sent an autoreleasemessage and, therefore, is sent areleasemessage when the pool is released BecausemyFoowas retained before the pool was released, its reference count afterdecrementing is

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:22

... the second, the two elements are changed Then the second and third elements are compared Again, if the secondelement is larger than the third, these two elements are interchanged This pro-cess ... where the sixthdimension references the desired bookcase in the row; a seven-dimensional arraycan be considered as multiple rows of bookcases where the seventh dimensionreferences the desired ... the selectionsort needs only n-l moves while the exchange sort needs n(n-l) /2 moves Theadditional moves required by the exchange sort result from the intermediateexchanges between adjacent elements

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 09:22

... encrypted version appears to have fewer characters. This is due to the non-printable codes contained within the encrypted version. Decoding an encrypted message requires exclusive GRing the coded message ... converting letters is based on the fact that the binary codes for lowercase and uppercase letters in ASCIIare the same except for bit 6,which is 1 for lowercase letters and 0 for uppercase letters. ... confirm proper operation of the macro for various cases 3 a Define a macro named CIRCUM (r) that determines the circumference... command line must be accepted as string data and converted

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 09:22

... in Objective-C has a precedence associated with it This precedence is used to determine how an expression that has more than one ator is evaluated:The operator with the higher precedence is evaluated ... these values, and calculate the rectangle’s area and perimeter Assume thatthese rectangle objects describe rectangles on an integral grid, such as a computerscreen In that case, assume that the ... thebackslash character is a special character in the Objective-C system and does not actuallycount as a character In other words, the Objective-C compiler treats the character ’\n’as a single character,

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:22

... including the XYPoint object that setOrigin: creates: [myRect release]; [myPoint release]; One issue remains: If you set the origin of a single Rectangle object to different values during the ... object’s memory is released. So the correct code se- quence would be as follows: [[myRect origin] release]; // Release the origin’s memory [myRect release]; // Release the rectangle’s memory It’s a ... the point was created inside the Rectangle’s setOrigin: method. Incidentally, we didn’t synthesize the origin methods here because the synthesized set- ter setOrigin: method would have behaved

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:22

... programs reference the same value Further-more, errors discovered in one of the values contained in the include file need becorrected in only that one spot, thus eliminating the need to correct every ... used: #if !defined(NS_INLINE) #if defined( GNUC ) #define NS_INLINE static inline_attribute_((always_inline)) #elif defined( MWERKS ) || defined( cplusplus) #define NS_INLINE static inline Trang ... only in the special “system” header filedirectory or directories the current directory will not be searched Again, with Xcode,you can alter these directories by selecting Project, Edit Project Settings

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:22

... the expression ++x, you Trang 12oper-Whenever you used the increment and decrement operators, you always placed thembefore the variables that were being incremented or decremented So to increment ... the value ofi In the first case, where the++is placed before its operand, the increment operation is more precisely identified as a pre-increment In the second case, where the++is placed after ... follows.Thecharacter that frompoints to would be retrieved, and then fromwould be incremented topoint to the next character in the source string.The referenced character would be storedinside the location

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:22

... method)-(id) objectAtIndex: i Indicates the object stored in element i -(void) makeObjectsPerform Selector: (SEL) selector Sends the message indicated by selector to everyelement of the array -(NSArray ... method)-(NSUInteger) count Indicates the number of elements in the array-(NSUInteger) indexOfObject: obj Specifies the index number of the first element thatcontainsobj (uses the isEqual: method)-(id) ... setEmail:methods to release the memory used by the objects stored in their respective instance variables If someone changes the name on a card, you need to release the memory that the old name takes

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:22

... is literally replaced by nothing in the source file by the preprocessor.) However, it’s needed because Interface Builder looks for IBOutlet when it reads your header file to determine which of ... variables can be used as outlets. In the interface file, note that we declare a method called click1: that takes a single argument called sender.When the click1: method is called, the method ... specifically applies to the Objective-C language abstract class A class defined to make creating subclasses easier Instances are created from the subclass, not of the abstract class See also concrete

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:22

... (See auto) BLOCK Instance Variables Instance variables can be accessed by any instance method defined for the class, either in the interface section that explicitly defines the variable or in ... converted to integers and integers are converted to pointers is machine-dependent, as is the size of the integer required to hold a pointer. The type “pointer to void” is the generic pointer type.The ... Objective-C Operators Table B.4 summarizes the various operators in the Objective-C language.These operators are listed in order of decreasing precedence, and operators grouped together have the

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:22

... macromolecule and cell One experiment should be used to measure the molecular diffusion coefficient independently of binding in an effective diffusion regime and the other should be conducted in ... rate param-eters of the GFP-tagged glucocorticoid receptor through the developed inverse modeling strategy, three data sets were used: 1 A FRAP experiment was conducted on the mouse aden-ocarcinoma ... and vacant binding sites during the course of the FRAP experiment by [14,16,26]: where F is concentration of free biomolecule, S is concen-tration of vacant binding sites, C is concenconcen-tration

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... receptor A (PIR-A), revealed that they are expressed on the surface of the membrane independently of the FcR c-chain in cell lines [5,6], but coexpression with FcR c-chain increases the level ... different fields of cells per experiment were counted under the microscope R E S U L T S GPVI is expressed at the surface independently of FcR c-chain in COS-7 and K562 cells COS-7 cells were transiently ... be degraded in the absence of the FcR c-chain This may reflect a specific pathway of degradation that prevents expression of functionally uncoupled receptors in certain cell types The cotransfection

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... to the heme represented in sticks and the heme-iron shown as a sphere The blue colouring represents regions with above average temperature fluctuations as referred to in the text The picture was ... low-spin ferriheme, misli-gated heme species can be readily identified by 1H NMR Hyperfine shifted resonances belonging to pro-tons of heme substituents are extremely sensitive to the chemical nature ... much more inhibited by the presence of the coordinating amino group of the Lys at pH 7.0, i.e there is less of the five-coordinate peroxidase active species present due to a stronger lig-and interaction

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... 1Socket Programming in C/C++cSeptember 24, 2004 Trang 3Sockets are a protocol independent method of creating a connection between processes Sockets can be either I connection based or connectionless: ... Iterating server: Only one socket is opened at a time When the processing on that connection is completed, thesocket is closed, and next connection can beaccepted Forking server: After an accept, a child ... socket called, returns the actual value Waits for an incoming request, and when received creates a socketfor it Trang 15accept stylesThere are basically three styles of using accept: Iterating

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 17:20

... language source file .cc, .cpp C+ + language source file .h Header file .m Objective -C source file .mm Objective -C+ + source file .pl Perl source file .o Object (compiled) file Objective -C source files ... book. ptg999 30 Chapter 3 Classes, Objects, and Methods [myWindow erase]; Clear the window theArea = [myRect area]; Calculate the area of the rectangle [userText spellCheck]; Spell-check some text [deskCalculator ... name implies: go to a new line.Any characters to be printed after the newline character then appear on the next line of the display. In fact, the newline character is very similar in concept...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 12:20

... Lincoln’s Inn, or Gray’s Inn; nor had his voice ever resounded in the Court of Chancery, or in the Exche- quer, or the Queen’s Bench, or the Ecclesiastical Courts. He certainly was not a manufacturer; ... a resemblance to the descrip- tion of the criminal, which he had received two days before from the police headquarters at London. e detective was evidently inspired by the hope of obtaining ... refreshingly cooled with ice, brought at great cost from the American lakes. If to live in this style is to be eccentric, it must be con- fessed that there is something good in eccentricity. e...

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 16:20

... ribosome-nascent chain complexes (RNCs). A C- terminal 4· methionine tag was introduced into the nascent chains to increase the labelling efficiency. The nascent chain corresponding to the authentic preprotein ... upon protoplasting, a significant fraction of the pre-AmyQ molecules remained inaccessible to trypsin. The latter pre-AmyQ molecules were only degraded by trypsin in the presence of Triton X-100, indicating ... adding TCA ⁄ acetone. Immunoprecipitations were subsequently carried out as indicated in Experimental procedures. IP, Immuno-precipitation; E, crude cell lysate of E. coli MC4100; B, crude cell...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20