procedures to build plc based process control system

... VIBRATION AND CONTROL OF SYSTEMS Series Editors: Ardeshir Guran & Daniel J Inman About the Series Rapid developments in system dynamics and control, areas related to many other topics in applied ... permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher ISBN 981-02-2954-2 Printed in Singapore by Uto-Print STABILITY, VIBRATION AND CONTROL OF SYSTEMS Editor-in-chief: Ardeshir Guran Co-editor: ... mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher For photocopying of material...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2016, 14:35

... (11) lead to α c (ξ ) = − = (16) 2π (17) ( x − ξ ) n = The collocation method allows us to calculate the unknown boundary data from Eq (14) The simplest approach is to establish a system of equations ... Commission On Large Dams www.vncold.vn Inverse problems to detect discontinuous geometry To determine that material has a crack We practice to measure total energy of a lot of arbitrary points in plate, ... Green's integral theorem The transformation of the differential operator to the boundary is done by applying Green's theorem twice to the weighted residual u ,ii wdΩ = u ,i ni wdΓ − ∂u∂w dΩ ∂xi ∂xi...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:21

... minimization process is independent from the others The procedure can then be quite easily implemented on a grid computing system to speed up the extraction process Results In order to show the ... algorithms are used to search the minimum values and to overcome possible convergence issues or local minima stalemates They can be deterministic (e.g., Newton, Interior Point, Quasi-Newton, Levenberg-Marquardt, ... very important physical process in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas, which enables reconfiguration of the magnetic field topology and converts the magnetic field energy to plasma kinetic and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... are applied to the reduction of strut radiation of reflector antennas Kildal et al (1996), novel PBG and EBG structures realized as periodical arrays Toyama & Yasumoto (2005); Yasumoto et al (2004) ... (2002) to analyze a set of scatterers allows to obtain the total transmission matrix defined on a cylindrical or spherical contour surrounding the considered configuration of objects As the total ... is based on the interaction of individual posts and allows to find a total scattered field on surface S from all the obstacles This technique can be easily applied in orthogonal coordinate systems...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... such as the electric field intensity vector E , magnetic field intensity vector H , magnetic flux density vector B and electric displacement vector D into the standard spaces of the physical presentation, ... magnetic operators Substituting Eq (1) into Eqs (13) and (15) respectively, we have [ Δ ]{H} = ∇t [ε ]{E} (16) [ Δ ]{E} = −∇t [ μ ]{H} (17) Substituting Eq (16) into (17) or Eq (17) into (16), yield ... D − D d ) ε −1 = E ∂D d (B2) According to the Onsager’s principle, for the process of closing to equilibrium, the rate of lossy variable is proportion to the driving force, that is dDd ∂ψ j +...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... isolator to isolate the magnetron from the harmful reflected microwave, a directional coupler to monitor the reflected microwave power, a 3-stub tuner to match impedance from the magnetron to that ... probe with a flange-plane connected to reflection equipment which may be vector reflectometry (vector network analyzer or six ports) or scalar reflectometry The vector network analyzer is used here ... waveguide to maintain a high electric field intensity to discharge the passing- gases to generate a plasma efficiently Here is an example of a rectangular reentrant resonator, a single ridge cavity, to...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... software optimization tool can not process complex variable optimization question So the complex permittivity is divided to real part and imaginary part The variable x is a vector array, where, x1 ... ranked by permittivity from high to low are albitophyre ore, quartz albitophyre, breccia porphyry, malachite copper oxide ore, and albite rhyolite porphyry The albitophyre ore is clearly distinguishable ... frameworks to walls The wall painting plasters leaning against walls are directly connected to roofing During the drying process, different materials displaying dissimilar contraction rates are easy to...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... inversion of the system of atom-radiators by the raised atoms [2] as well as the measure of inversion of the magnetic moment of the atom's system by magnetic quantum numbers If N=-1 all the atoms occur ... photoemissive effect when the photon momentum is transferred to the whole metal through single atoms Therefore for an outer photoemissive effect, i.e for interaction of the solid and the photon, ... nm, it is possible to deduce that electromagnetic radiation penetrates into the metal on 40 atomic layers Therefore radiation interaction occurs basically of the top layers of atoms and angular...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... successively emitted in the process for electrons to relax from the bottom of the L valley to the bottom of Γ valley (εΓ-L = 0.29 eV) The relaxation time for one polar scattering process by LO phonon ... relax to the bottom of the conduction band (energy relaxation in the Γ valley process) Based on our experimental data, we conclude that the cutoff frequency is governed by the energy relaxation process ... line correspond to ballistic acceleration process, the intervalley transfer process and the energy relaxation process in Γ valley, at 300 K, respectively The energy relaxation process in the Γ...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... in good conductors, there cannot be any accumulated volume charge Any such charge will quickly move to the conductor’s surface and distribute itself such that to make the surface into an equipotential ... different comparing to RF effect of far-field as we used to know It means that the closer to the source of radiation there are the new side-effects that we are exposed to That is important to know that, ... give an rms values to readout device This E-probe has an easy operation In order to keep sensors away of contacting to illuminators or resources, the spherical foam-cap used to cover the head...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... simulation based on the KdV equation about the heat conducting system in 1965 They discovered the following characteristics similar to the particle to the solitary wave and named it soliton a Soliton ... the Soliton b) Integral wave shape of the soliton Fig Calculated result about the soliton In Fig a, the calculated soliton wave is similar to Ea and Ha in Fig In the calculation, t was set to 3.4ps ... directions from Earth to the Sun from dawn to dusk, and parallel to the Geotail spin axis, respectively BP and BQ are two arbitrary orthogonal axes which are perpendicular to k vectors of the whistler...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... LILL is used together with the 1mF capacitor and which are connected to the power traces of 40mm×40mm and 10mm×200mm, C01 consists of the 0.1μF capacitor and 1mF capacitor connected to the power ... Circuit 4.1.4 Prototyping of the on-bard LILL The on-board LILL has been prototyped for times since 2008 Fig 13 shows the examples of the prototype of the on-board LILL Fig 13 Prototypes of the ... semiconductor and the cathode form the Schottky junction diode The p-type semiconductor is also permitted In this case, the p-type semiconductor is located between the anode and the insulator The...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... of the atomic spectra of the Hydrogen atom Here we study the energy conversion laws of the macroscopic harmonic LC oscillator, the electromagnetic wave (chiral photon) and the hydrogen atom As ... =  + c σ ⋅ p(σ ⋅ H ) ˆ ∂t  p  (36) ˆ In addition to Eqs (35) and (36), it is instructive to factor the operator p out of the denominator and write Eqs (35) and (36), respectively, as   ... oscillator, the electromagnetic wave (photon) and the hydrogen atom As our analysis indicates that the energies of these apparently different systems obey exactly the same energy conversion law Based...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... T λe 4.3 Atomic spectra of hydrogen atom A Quantized radius and energy by the application of helical electron orbit to the hydrogen atom (Fig 2), we can explain the stability of the atom but also ... the hydrogen atom is a natural microscopic LC oscillator Recently, a multinational team of physicists had observed for the first time a process of internal conversion between bound atomic states ... et al 2000; Kishimoto et al 2000] This observation indicate that energy can pass resonantly between the nuclear and electronic parts of the atom by a resonant process similar to that which operates...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

...   = δ ij d k ⋅ k = δ ij kcutoff 6π  6π ei e j =  d k λ (36) where kcutoff is the cutoff of wave vector and is usually taken as that corresponding to the Compton wavelength of massive charges ... ( f ) vanishes due to the fact that the Lorentz force is orthogonal to four-velocity vector Collecting these pieces together, we arrive at the final expression proportional to τ of the contribution ... value of y increases to E /(τ 0Ω ) which is close to what happens in linear accelerators The vacuum fluctuations and the external electric field E together put an upper limit to its final energy...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... fluctuations up to the τ term, which is accurate enough for any macroscopic motions of charges and even applicable to the electron’s motion of a hydrogen atom due to τ being extremely small, to study ... stress is applied to a material, its dielectric constant (refractive index) changes owing to the photoelastic effect Therefore, similarly to the electric field, it is expected to be detected by ... can go through various scattering processes through interaction with target in the environment from a source to a detector In such a process, reciprocity refers to the equality in the signal received...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... research materials are devoted to a wide range of FAA structures with different types of radiator and to the methods of FAA directivity improving with a purpose to increase the 3-dimensional gain ... spacing between 2N+1 radiators with number n, normal vector to the array is polar axis or the starting point of polar coordinates in which the problem is solved An important factor is the location ... necessary signal to interference and noise ratio at the appropriate detector The FAA ability to separate signals by distance as by angular coordinates can be concluded according to the materials...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... and the new principles of this process are revealed with a purpose to increase the 3-dimensional gain performance of antenna arrays at a wide range of angles and to improve the quality level of ... are equal too The main focusing properties of antenna array are based on principle of inversion of the Fresnel and the Fraunhofer diffraction fields which is the result of focusing process The ... work, which are based on obtained geometrical models of arrays of different structures Location of array phase center, different signal attenuations by propagation from array elements to observation...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... ii The vector v1 , , vΥ is the sum of the vectors u and w, where u is an eigenvector of κ IΥ − αAΥ corresponding to the eigenvalue −1 and w is either the zero vector or an eigenvector of κ ... is either the zero vector or an eigenvector of κ IΥ − αAΥ corresponding to the eigenvalue −1 and w is either a zero vector or an eigenvector of κ IΥ − αAΥ corresponding to the eigenvalue Suppose ... quadratic polynomial so that the investigation is reduced to a linear and homogeneous problem It is therefore of great interests to build networks with general polynomials as reaction terms This...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20